The Context of Military Environments: An Agenda for Basic Research on Social and Organizational Factors Relevant to Small Units (original) (raw)

Behavioral science in the military: Research trends for the eighties

Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 1982

Several major activities related to combat readiness will engage military psychologists for at least the remainder of the decade. The psychologist's role in dealing with problems of acquisition, retention, assignment, training of servicemembers, human factors engineering, and organizational productivity is discussed.

Developing an Instrument to Measure Intangible Human Dimension Factors In DeterminingMilitary Command Climate

2014

Military command climate looks only at the tangible quantitative factors in terms of combat readiness which can be pre-determined prior to military duties. The intangible human dimension factor encompasses the morale, physical, and cognitive components of soldier, leader, and organizational development and performance. This is essential to raise, prepare, and employ the military in full spectrum operations which are not measured to complement the combat readiness factors. Despite recognition by military leaders throughout history that the human dimensions of capability are crucial to operational effectiveness, formal assessments of the psychological aspects of readiness is not measured in the Malaysian Army. Technology can provide the tools and avenues by which wars are fought but it is the individual soldier on the battlefield facing life and death who remains a constant.This paper looks at the literature on the human dimension factors to complement the combat readiness to establis...

Dilemmas of Management Psychology in Building a Social Group in Military Institutions

Logistics and Transport, 2021

Technological progress on the battlefield and the evaluation of the tactics of soldiers' actions entail a change in the philosophy of human resource management in military institutions, and thus a reorientation in the preparation of commanders-leaders to perform this mission. The modern soldier represents a different level of psychophysical resources. The new, more precise and at the same time more complicated to use equipment forces a change in the concept of preparing a soldier to perform tasks. Directing the development of the contemporary battlefield forces the continuous expansion of the cognitive level, both in the general and specialist area. This new approach to soldier formation shifts the centre of gravity in leadership formation to the area of cognitive resource development. This changes the emphasis of training and education towards the theory of social communication underlying the creation of psychophysical resources and issues related to the contemporary psychology...

Work Environment Questionnaires and Army Unit Effectiveness and Satisfaction Measures

1977

: This report summarizes: a review of the existing military and civilian work environment and organization climate questionnaires; a compilation of data gathered in interviews with representative Army combat arms and support enlisted personnel; and an identification of empirical measures of Army unit effectiveness. The report is intended for use both as a literature review and a 'how-to-do-it' guide for Army Organizational Effectiveness Staff Officers (OESOs) developing work environment assessment instruments.

Organizational Effectiveness in the US Army

1977

Since the 1950's advancements in the fields of management and applied behavioral science in connjunction with successful command and leadership practices have provided the foundation of OE concepts, methods, and skills. In the broadest sense the use of OE as a technology in the Army represents a desire to (1) more systematically understand the human forces which shape the efforts of large military organizations and (2) decisively act on this understanding in ways which simultaneously improve combat readiness and the motivation, involvement, commitment, and development of people. Study annexes include (1) Chief of Staff remarks on OE at the 1976 Army Commander's Conference; (2) a concept paper on establishing an Army.-wide OE capability; (3) applicable Chief of Staff m-morandums; (4) a summary of the historical evolution of OE in the Army; (5) tl-e study group's interviews and trips and (6) an executive sumnmary of a 3.k year OE evaluation plan. SuCURtTY CLASSIFICATION OF ?hIA PAOGI(fter be~f Ented•,. * 1 1. Widely publicize the results of OE applications, to include the publication of articles and case studies.

Military Operational Psychology

Psychological Services, 2020

With increasing requirements for expeditionary support to military units, models of integrated and embedded psychology have emerged. Operational psychology represents one such model. Military operational psychologists receive specialized training, are embedded in operational units, and are employed to provide operational mission support to organizations and their personnel as opposed to providing individual health care per se. The following article describes the employment of military operational psychology and discusses its unique organizational and ethical challenges.

A brief introduction to the military workplace culture

Work (Reading, Mass.), 2015

Military culture and workplace are areas of interest for researchers across disciplines. However, few publications on military culture exist. The purpose of this article is to introduce general concepts regarding the structure and culture of the United States Military and discuss how this creates challenges for reintegrating into the civilian world. Topics that will be covered in this article include an overview of the Department of Defense (DoD) and Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), socialization to military culture, the unique features of the military as a workplace, the cultural experiences of military personnel reintegrating back into the community, and the challenges faced by military members and their spouses. The provided information on military culture will expand military cultural competency so that civilian employers can enhance their ability to create supportive workplaces for veterans and military spouses during times of transition and reintegration. The unique charac...

Cross-situational, multimethod research on military leader effectiveness

Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 1982

Data from four studies are analyzed to identify effective patterns of leadership behavior for military cadets and Air Force officers. Two studies employ a questionnaire-correlational methodology, and two use content analysis of critical incidents. Combat, simulated combat, and two noncombat situations are compared to examine situational differences in effective leadership behavior. Behaviors that are important for group performance in both combat and noncombat situations include performance emphasis, inspiration, role clarification, and criticism-discipline. Planning and problem solving are important in dynamic, uncertain combat situations but not in stable, benign academic situations. Consideration is important for maintaining effective leader-subordinate relations, particularly in noncombat situations, but is unrelated to group performance. Most discrepancies in results among studies can be explained either in terms of method effects or situational differences in role requirements for leaders. Due to dramatic changes in attitudes toward military service, military leadership has become increasingly important in recent years. During the Vietnam War, overt acts of rebellion (e.g., refusal to participate in combat operations) and aggression against offiders (e.g., "fragging") resulted in what Gabriel and Savage (1978) have called a "crisis in command." These developments and current problems in the volunteer army indicate a serious need for more and better research on the nature of effective military leadership.