Horses (original) (raw)

Status of the Cattle in Ancient Indian Literature and Archaeology: A Case Study of Madhya Pradesh

Heritage : journal of multidisciplinary studies in Archaeology , 2020

In this paper author tried to explain the importance of cattle during many periods of ancient Indian history with special reference is given to Madhya Pradesh. For this purpose author took the help of ancient literary and archaeological sources which give us the immense information about the cattle and its value. Cattle depiction in rock art, on pottery motif, as terracotta figurines and as a symbol on coins all aspect were taken and with the help of them author explained the thoughts, beliefs, cultural and archaeological evolution of human in ancient times.

Writing and Rewriting the Pharmakon: The Use of Horse in Modern Nepali Fiction 14

SCHOLARS Journal of Arts & Humanities, 2024

First introduced by Jacques Derrida, the Greek usage of the concept 'pharmakon' refers to three things: either the poison, the remedy, or the scapegoat. In modern Nepali literature, the horse as pharmakon has appeared as the most self-contradictory image: it has referred to the loss, assertion, and reinforcement of honor. This paper takes BP Koirala's "The Colonel's Horse," Madan Mani Dixit's "Lattu Miyako Ghodi" [Lattu Miya's Mare], Nayan Raj Pandey's Ular [Imbalance] (1996), and Mandira Madhushree's "Budhanko Ghodi" [Budhan's Mare] (2017) to see how each of the authors makes use of a horse to discuss the modern values in Nepali society. To address this issue, the present study aims to explore the uses of horses in Nepali literature to explore the inner composition of self and the contents lying therein. On the one hand, such analysis contributes to animal studies in modern Nepali literature; on the other, it highlights the changing perceptions of horses in Nepali society. The creative artists use a particular symbol to discuss the unique contemporary phenomenon through it. The authors from Koirala to Madhushree have found the horse to be a point of departure to reflect on the modern world's inner and outer reality. On the whole, the selected Nepali literary texts treat the horse as a symbol to bring psychological and socioeconomic reality into it, thus pondering on it as a modern pharmakon in modern Nepali fiction.

One-horned young bull is Indus Script hypertext rebus arka kundaṇa 'goldsmith guild'.pdf

This is an addendum to https://tinyurl.com/y7htk59s Gold Pendant From Harappa , Sarasvati Civilization ( Photo - National Museum Delhi ) I am baffled by the unique hieroglyph.Inline imageinverted on the body of the bull. Maybe, the word 'arka' was a synonym of kundaṇa, fine gold' (Tulu) எருக்கு¹ erukku , n. prob. arka. [M. erik- ku.] Yarcum, madar, m. sh., Calotropis gigantea; செடிவகை. எருக்கின் முகிழ்நோக்கும் (தணிகைப்பு. களவு. 274). Inline imageThis is calatropis procera arka in Kannda is ekke plantInline image arká2 m. ʻ the plant Calotropis gigantea ʼ ŚBr. [Cf. alarka -- 2 m. Suśr., alāka -- m. Car., Pa. alakka -- m.]Pa. Pk. akka -- m.; S. aku m. ʻ Calotropis procera ʼ, L. akk m., awāṇ. ak; P. akk m. ʻ a partic. plant with an acrid milky juice ʼ; Garh. Ku. ã̄k ʻ C. gigantea ʼ, N. āk ʻ C. acia ʼ; H. āk, ākh m. ʻ C. gigantea ʼ; Marw. āk ʻ C. acia ʼ; G. āk m., ākṛɔ m. ʻ a partic. tree or shrub ʼ; Si. aka ʻ the tree Asclepias gigantea ʼ.arkaparṇá -- , arkapādapa -- .Addenda: arká -- 2: S.kcch. akk m. ʻ Calotropis gigantea ʼ, OMarw. āka m. ʻ swallow -- wort ʼ.(CDIAL 625) I am baffled by the unique hieroglyph.Inline imageinverted on the body of the bull. Maybe, the word 'arka' was a synonym of kundaṇa, fine gold' (Tulu) எருக்கு¹ erukku , n. prob. arka. [M. erik- ku.] Yarcum, madar, m. sh., Calotropis gigantea; செடிவகை. எருக்கின் முகிழ்நோக்கும் (தணிகைப்பு. களவு. 274). Inline imageThis is calatropis procera arka in Kannda is ekke plantInline image arká2 m. ʻ the plant Calotropis gigantea ʼ ŚBr. [Cf. alarka -- 2 m. Suśr., alāka -- m. Car., Pa. alakka -- m.]Pa. Pk. akka -- m.; S. aku m. ʻ Calotropis procera ʼ, L. akk m., awāṇ. ak; P. akk m. ʻ a partic. plant with an acrid milky juice ʼ; Garh. Ku. ã̄k ʻ C. gigantea ʼ, N. āk ʻ C. acia ʼ; H. āk, ākh m. ʻ C. gigantea ʼ; Marw. āk ʻ C. acia ʼ; G. āk m., ākṛɔ m. ʻ a partic. tree or shrub ʼ; Si. aka ʻ the tree Asclepias gigantea ʼ.arkaparṇá -- , arkapādapa -- .Addenda: arká -- 2: S.kcch. akk m. ʻ Calotropis gigantea ʼ, OMarw. āka m. ʻ swallow -- wort ʼ.(CDIAL 625) If the 'heart design' signifies arka leaf, it can be related to The Surya Siddhanta definition of Uttarāyaṇa or Uttarayan as the period between the Makara Sankranti (which currently occurs around January 14) and Karka Sankranti (which currently occurs around July 16). (Burgess, Ebenezer (1858). The Surya Siddhantha - A Textbook of Hindu Astronomy. American Oriental Society. Chapter 14, Verse 7-9.) Arka is the gigantic Swallow wort. Aselepias gigantea. Rox. ii. 30. and ii. 7. Calotropis gigantea (Watts.) The Hindu tradition celebrates Rathasaptami with arka leaves. Usually, Rathasapthami begins in households with a purification bath (bathing is also done in a river or sea) by holding several Ekka (Calotropis Gigantea) leaves on their head while bathing and chanting a verse which is supposed to invoke the benevolence of the Lord in all that one indulges in during the rest of the year... Arka (in Sanskrit, meaning a ray or flash of lightning) leaves,also called Aak in Hindi, Ekka (in Kannada), Jilledu in Telugu, Erukku in Tamil and Calotropis Gigantea (bowstring hemp) in English. Arka is also a synonym for Surya or Sun. Its significance to Sun God could be compared to the significance of Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum) leaves to Vishnu. Arka leaves are also used for worship of god Ganesha known by the name Arka Ganesha and also for Hanuman worship. Its stems, called samidha (sacrificial offerings of wood) are used for the Yagna ritual as a sacrificial offering to a ritual fire. Its shape is said to represent the shoulders and chariot of Sun God. Its use during the ritualistic ceremonious bath involves placement of seven leaves - one on the head, two on the shoulders, two on the knees and two on the feet. On this day, in South India, Rangoli is drawn with coloured rice powder depicting a chariot and seven horses as symbolic of the Ratha Saptami. Cowdung cake is also burnt at the centre of this depiction and milk boiled on the fire is offered to the Sun God. In some of the important Vaishnavite temples such as the Tirumala, Srirangam, Srirangapattana and Melukote, Ratha Saptami is one of the important festivals of the year. Annual Car Festival of Lord Veera Venkatesha of Sri Venkatramana Temple in Mangalore is held on this day and is famously known as Kodial Teru or Mangaluru Rathotsava. In Tirumala On Ratha sapthami a one-day Brahmotsavam is held in Tirumala.On this day, the presiding deity of Lord Malayappa Swamy along with his divine consorts Sridevi and Bhudevi are taken to a procession in Thiru Mada streets in Tirumala. The deities carried out in a jubilant procession around the Thiru mada streets encircling the holy Shrine of Balaji on seven different vahanams(sapthami=seven) .Due to this reason the day of RathaSapthami is called as "Mini-Brahmotsavam" in Tirumala.The day starts with 'Surya prabha vahanam' at round 5.30 am early morning, followed by Chinna Sesha Vahanam at 9 am, Garuda Vahanam by 11 am, Hanuman Vahanam by 1 pm, Chakrasananam by 2 pm, Kalpavriksha Vahanam by 4 pm, Sarvabhoopala Vahanam by 6 pm respectively.The day is ended with the Chandra Prabha Vahanam at 8 pm. Lord Venkateshwara will bless devotees for about 1 hour in each Vahanam (from the start time), in the Thiru Mada Veedhis of Tirumala Tirupati." This 'heart' design on the body (to signify arka 'sun's rays' a synonym of arka 'gold'. A synonym for gold is -- kundaṇa pure gold(Tulu) PLUS sack on the shoulder constitute hieroglyphs (semantic, phonetic determinants). खोंडरूं [ khōṇḍarūṃ ] n A contemptuous form of खोंडा in the sense of कांबळा-cowl.खोंडा [ khōṇḍā ] m A कांबळा of which one end is formed into a cowl or hood. खोंडी [ khōṇḍī ] f An outspread shovelform sack (as formed temporarily out of a कांबळा, to hold or fend off grain, chaff &c.) Thus, I suggest that the hypertext of one-horned young bull with a design of arka leaf reads: arka kundaṇa 'goldsmith guild'.since the Marathi word has the meaning: कोंडण kōṇḍaṇa f A fold or pen.Thus, the seal with the one-horned young bull is signifier of a goldsmith guild. If the 'heart design' signifies arka leaf, it can be related to The Surya Siddhanta definition of Uttarāyaṇa or Uttarayan as the period between the Makara Sankranti (which currently occurs around January 14) and Karka Sankranti (which currently occurs around July 16). (Burgess, Ebenezer (1858). The Surya Siddhantha - A Textbook of Hindu Astronomy. American Oriental Society. Chapter 14, Verse 7-9.) Arka is the gigantic Swallow wort. Aselepias gigantea. Rox. ii. 30. and ii. 7. Calotropis gigantea (Watts.) The Hindu tradition celebrates Rathasaptami with arka leaves. Usually, Rathasapthami begins in households with a purification bath (bathing is also done in a river or sea) by holding several Ekka (Calotropis Gigantea) leaves on their head while bathing and chanting a verse which is supposed to invoke the benevolence of the Lord in all that one indulges in during the rest of the year... Arka (in Sanskrit, meaning a ray or flash of lightning) leaves,also called Aak in Hindi, Ekka (in Kannada), Jilledu in Telugu, Erukku in Tamil and Calotropis Gigantea (bowstring hemp) in English. Arka is also a synonym for Surya or Sun. Its significance to Sun God could be compared to the significance of Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum) leaves to Vishnu. Arka leaves are also used for worship of god Ganesha known by the name Arka Ganesha and also for Hanuman worship. Its stems, called samidha (sacrificial offerings of wood) are used for the Yagna ritual as a sacrificial offering to a ritual fire. Its shape is said to represent the shoulders and chariot of Sun God. Its use during the ritualistic ceremonious bath involves placement of seven leaves - one on the head, two on the shoulders, two on the knees and two on the feet. On this day, in South India, Rangoli is drawn with coloured rice powder depicting a chariot and seven horses as symbolic of the Ratha Saptami. Cowdung cake is also burnt at the centre of this depiction and milk boiled on the fire is offered to the Sun God. In some of the important Vaishnavite temples such as the Tirumala, Srirangam, Srirangapattana and Melukote, Ratha Saptami is one of the important festivals of the year. Annual Car Festival of Lord Veera Venkatesha of Sri Venkatramana Temple in Mangalore is held on this day and is famously known as Kodial Teru or Mangaluru Rathotsava. In Tirumala On Ratha sapthami a one-day Brahmotsavam is held in Tirumala.On this day, the presiding deity of Lord Malayappa Swamy along with his divine consorts Sridevi and Bhudevi are taken to a procession in Thiru Mada streets in Tirumala. The deities carried out in a jubilant procession around the Thiru mada streets encircling the holy Shrine of Balaji on seven different vahanams(sapthami=seven) .Due to this reason the day of RathaSapthami is called as "Mini-Brahmotsavam" in Tirumala.The day starts with 'Surya prabha vahanam' at round 5.30 am early morning, followed by Chinna Sesha Vahanam at 9 am, Garuda Vahanam by 11 am, Hanuman Vahanam by 1 pm, Chakrasananam by 2 pm, Kalpavriksha Vahanam by 4 pm, Sarvabhoopala Vahanam by 6 pm respectively.The day is ended with the Chandra Prabha Vahanam at 8 pm. Lord Venkateshwara will bless devotees for about 1 hour in each Vahanam (from the start time), in the Thiru Mada Veedhis of Tirumala Tirupati." This 'heart' design on the body (to signify arka 'sun's rays' a synonym of arka 'gold'. A synonym for gold is -- kundaṇa pure gold(Tulu) PLUS sack on the shoulder constitute hieroglyphs (semantic, phonetic determinants). खोंडरूं [ khōṇḍarūṃ ] n A contemptuous form of खोंडा in the sense of कांबळा-cowl.खोंडा [ khōṇḍā ] m A कांबळा of which one end is formed into a cowl or hood. खोंडी [ khōṇḍī ] f An outspread shovelform sack (as formed temporarily out of a कांबळा, to hold or fend off grain, chaff &c.)

Folk Tales from Himachal

P C K PREM

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Folklore Foundation, Bhubaneswar, India

Lokaratna Vol XIV (2), 2021

The peer-reviewed International Journal on Folklore contains articles related to Indian folklore, cultural studies ,literature, oral tradition, myth ritual theory, language and pedagogy

Animals in stone: Indian mammals sculptured through time

2008

The art history of South Asia covers a time span of roughly four and a half thousand years. During this period, a vast number of animal stone sculptures has been produced, ranging from the pre-historic period till today and covering a great variety of motifs and imagery in different regions and religious traditions. Even so, the number of studies devoted to these animal sculptures has remained extremely limited. The present book aims at filling this knowledge gap. With this richly illustrated book, the first of its kind, Van der Geer offers a comparative study of the ways in which various … read moreanimals have been depicted and a lucid analysis of the sculptors’ treatment of their “models”: living animals. The art history of sculptured animals is contextualized with a description of the use of animals as can be read from ancient texts, archaeological evidence and contemporaneous culture. In doing so, parallels as well as differences in style or iconography are highlighted, elucidating the variety of animal depictions across regions, religious contexts and through time. The corpus of discussed material ranges from Indus seals, stupa panels and railings, monumental temples from North and South India, non-religious palace and fort architecture to loose sculptures in museum collections