Mechanical and Physical Properties of Particleboard Made from the Sumatran Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) Dung and Wood Shaving (original) (raw)
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Polymers
The use of natural fibers or particles as alternative raw materials for particleboard production is essential due to the shrinking forest area. Currently, dung waste from the Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) is being used as a raw material for particleboard due to its high fiber content. Although the product still has inferior mechanical and physical characteristics, it can be improved by layering bamboo. Therefore, this study aimed to enhance the mechanical and physical qualities of elephant dung particleboard by adding layers of bamboo. The particleboard constructed had three layers; namely, the face and back in the form of a bamboo layers, as well as the core, which was in the form of elephant dung. The elephant dung was evenly mixed with isocyanate adhesive using a spray gun, and the bamboo layers were coated with adhesive on one side of the surface. The sample was subjected to a hot press at a temperature of 150 °C and 30 kg/cm2 pressure for 10 min. Generally, JIS...
Physicomechanical Properties of Bio-based Sawdust-Cow Horn-Coconut Husk Particleboards
Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series D, 2022
The physicomechanical properties of bio-based sawdust-cow horn-coconut husk particleboards were determined in the present study. The particleboards were first produced using urea formaldehyde as a binder and thereafter characterized in terms of water absorption, thickness swelling, modulus of rupture (MOR), and modulus of elasticity (MOE). The thickness swelling and water absorption properties were determined at 24 and 48 h. The results of the thickness swelling at 24 and 48 h showed that boards exhibited average values of 0.55 to 1.25% and 1.40 to 2.57%, respectively, while the water absorption at 24 and 48 h gave a result of 0.71 to 1.42% and 1.08 to 2.74%, respectively. The boards also exhibited MOR with average values of 0.54 to 0.98 MPa and 12.97 to 32.37 MPa for MOE. The result shows that both water absorption and thickness swelling after 24 and 48 h decreases with an increase in the blends of sawdust, cow horn, and coconut husk. The physical properties (water absorption, thickness swelling) and mechanical properties (MOR and MOE) meet international standards confirming the strength of the manufactured boards.
International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 2020
This study aimed to evaluate of particleboard made of trees pine bark (TPB) and oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) and give a recommended. The composition TPB namely 20%, 15%, and 10%, pressing temperatures of 190, 180, 170, 160, and 150ºC, pressing t imes of 30, 25, 20, 15, and 10 minutes. The particleboard was evaluated for its physical properties, namely density, moisture content, thickn ess swelling, and water absorption and its mechanical properties, including modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, modulus of elasticity, and internal bond. The pressure working on the particleboard was 22 kg/cm2. The test results show that the density and moisture content met the standards while thickness swelling and water absorption did not meet the standards of particleboard with a thickness of 12.7 mm. The optimum conditions of MOR and IB met JIS A 5908-2015 at 20% TPB composition with a pressing temperature of 165-175ºC and a press time of 20-25 minutes. However, MOE did not meet the standard. Hence, the mechanical properties of particleboard can still be improved and the manufacture of particleboard from TPB and OPEFB materials can be recommended
Physical and mechanical properties of particleboard manufactured from wood, bamboo and rice husk
Materials Research, 2014
In this work, the physical-mechanical properties of particleboards manufactured with wood (Eucalyptus grandis), bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) and/or rice husk (Oryza sativa) particles, combined or not, were assessed. They were produced in the following proportions: 100% wood; 100% bamboo; 100% rice; 50% wood and 50% bamboo; 50% wood and 50% rice husk. In order to characterize the manufactured particleboards, their physical (density; moisture content; water absorption and thickness swelling) and mechanical properties (static bending; internal bonding and screw withdrawal) were assessed. The results indicated that the use of rice husk caused reduction in particleboard quality. Particleboards manufactured with bamboo showed better quality than those using rice husk as raw material. For most parameters, the particleboards manufactured exclusively with wood particles showed similar performance to bamboo and wood-bamboo particleboards.
Production of Particleboard from Agricultural Waste - A Sustainable Approach to Waste Management
Journal of Sustainable Materials Processing and Management, 2023
Large amounts of agricultural waste are left unutilized in Nigeria, resulting in detrimental environmental consequences. particleboard made from such trash would help to reduce deforestation and have a good impact on the environment. The characteristics of particleboard made from corncob (CC) and sugarcane bagasse (SB) with cassava starch and urea formaldehyde as separate binders were compared in this study. CC and SB mix proportions of 90:10, 70:30, and 50:50 percent (by volume) were used to make three layers of medium density particleboard. Manual mixing and blending of 25% and 10% by volume of the different binders and water respectively was done. The mixtures were compressed for 1 hour at 100 °C and 342 kg/m 2. The ASTM D. 1037-12 (2020) and EN 312 (2010) standards were used to evaluate the particleboard. However, particleboard produced from 90 % CC and 10 % SB with cassava starch binder had the greatest modulus of elasticity (MOE) of 444.65 N/mm 2 and modulus of rapture (MOR) of 10.59 N/mm 2. The MOR and MOE data from this investigation allowed researchers to draw the conclusion that while the mechanical qualities of the panels improved as the fraction of CC particles increased, the panels' physical characteristics remained subpar.
High-density particleboard made from agro-industrial waste and different adhesives
BioResources, 2019
Particleboards were made using particles from sugarcane bagasse and eucalyptus residues of the pulp industry. The particleboard properties were evaluated according to ABNT NBR 14810-1 (2013), ABNT NBR 14810-2 (2013), and ANSI A208.1 (1999) standards, which compared the efficiency of castor oil-based polyurethane resin (PU-Castor) and urea-formaldehyde resin (UF). The particleboards were composed of 60% wood particles and 40% bagasse, with a 10% adhesive dose based on the dry mass of particles. The following parameters were evaluated: apparent density, moisture content (MC), thickness swelling after 24 h, modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity to static bending (MOE), and internal bond strength of panels (IB). The results obtained demonstrated the potential use of eucalyptus and sugarcane bagasse residues in the production of high-density particleboards. The panels produced with PU-Castor showed greater efficiency, and their physical and mechanical properties were compatible...
2019
The morphology, physical, and mechanical properties were investigated for single-layer particleboard made with various proportional contents of wood and rape stalk particles glued with urea-formaldehyde resin. Fine crushed rape stalk particles were used for the experimental particleboards. The weight ratios of rape-to-wood particles were 0:100, 10:90, 30:70, 50:50, and 70:30. Mixed beech and spruce wood particles with percentages of 30% for beech wood and 70% for spruce wood were considered for the configuration. Urea-formaldehyde resin with a solid content of 66 ± 1% was added to the single-mat configuration at a level of 12%, based on the weight of the particles. Physical (density, water absorption, and thickness swelling) and mechanical (modulus of elasticity, bending strength, internal bond strength) investigations on the particleboards obtained in the laboratory conditions were conducted. The results were compared to the requirements of the EN 312 (2004) standard. In addition, ...
Journal of the Indian Academy of Wood Science, 2019
Finding supplements to wood and curbing environmental effects of waste disposal have become global topical issues. We investigated density, dimensional stability and bending properties of particleboards from mixed-wood sawdust (W) and Cocos nucifera (coconut) husk fibres (C) in respective mix ratios of 100%: 0%; 70%: 30%; 50%: 50%; and 0%:100% using cassava starch (CS) and urea formaldehyde (UF) binders. 1993 BS EN protocols 310 (for density and bending properties) and 317 (for water absorption and thickness swelling) were employed. Particle sizes were 1mm to ≤ 3mm based on sieving with 4mm mesh. Density were low to medium range (≈ 397kg/m3 – ≈ 666kg/m3) though UF bonded boards were relatively and continuously higher with increased coconut fibres proportions compared to CS bonded ones. Also, UF bonded boards absorbed less water and exhibited dimensional stability relative to CS bonded boards. Bending strength of UF bonded boards were higher (MOEs ranging from ≈ 40%. to 1,097%., and MORs being ≈125% to 652% higher) compared to the CS bonded counterparts. Materials mix ratio, binder type and their interactions had significant effect (p<0.01) on density, MOE, and MOR. In conclusion, producing particleboard from coconut fibre and mixed-wood sawdust is possible with CS and UF as binders, but 0%W:100%C mixed ratio exhibited better MOE and MOR. Hence, efforts should be made to convert Cocos nucifera husks and sawdust into particleboard production to make available more alternative/supplementary materials/products to wood to reduce deforestation rate and curtail the environmental problems associated with the residues’ disposal.
Mechanical Properties of Particleboard Panels Made from Agricultural Wastes
Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering
The aim of this study is to characterize the mechanical properties of particleboard (tensile strength (TS), compressive strength (CS), modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE)) as affected by various parameters. The effects of waste type, particleboard density and resin content on the mechanical properties of the particleboards were investigated. Also, the possibility of using treated rice straw to improve the properties of the particleboards was evaluated. The results showed that an improving in the mechanical properties of rice straw particleboards with increasing the density of particleboard and the added resin content in the mixture. While the internal bond (IB) initially increased then decreased with increasing particleboard density. Finally, the MOR and MOE decreased with increasing resin content. Hot-water treatment induced better performance on the properties of particleboards.
Waste Management & Research, 2014
Lignocellulosic wastes resulting from agricultural activities as well as Tetra Pak residues from urban centres can cause significant levels of pollution. A possible action to minimize this problem is to use them in the production of particleboards. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical, mechanical, and hydration properties of particleboards manufactured with the mixture of woody biomass (Cupressus lusitanica, Gmelina arborea, and Tectona grandis) and either agricultural wastes [pineapple leaves (Ananas comosus) and palm residues (Elaeis guineensis)] or Tetra Pak residues (TP). The results show that the particleboards prepared with TP and woody biomass can reduce the swelling and water absorption in up to 40% and 50% compared with particleboards without TP. Also, these particleboards had increased flexure resistance and shear stress (up to 100%) compared with those without TP. On the contrary, particleboards prepared with pineapple leaves in combination with woody biomass showed the lowest mechanical properties, particularly for tensile strength, hardness, glue-line shear, and nail and screw evaluation.