Efficient planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells by vapour deposition (original) (raw)
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Flexible high efficiency perovskite solar cells
Energy & Environmental Science, 2014
Thin-film photovoltaics play an important role in the quest for clean renewable energy. Recently, methylammonium lead halide perovskites were identified as promising absorbers for solar cells 1 . In the three years since, the performance of perovskite-based solar cells has improved rapidly to reach efficiencies as high as 15% 1-10 . To date, all high-efficiency perovskite solar cells reported make use of a (mesoscopic) metal oxide, such as Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 or ZrO 2 , which requires a high-temperature sintering process. Here, we show that methylammonium lead iodide perovskite layers, when sandwiched between two thin organic charge-transporting layers, also lead to solar cells with high power-conversion efficiencies (12%). To ensure a high purity, the perovskite layers were prepared by sublimation in a high-vacuum chamber. This simple planar device structure and the room-temperature deposition processes are suitable for many conducting substrates, including plastic and textiles.
Nature Photonics, 2013
Inorganic-organic hybrid structures have become innovative alternatives for next-generation dye-sensitized solar cells, because they combine the advantages of both systems. Here, we introduce a layered sandwich-type architecture, the core of which comprises a bicontinuous three-dimensional nanocomposite of mesoporous (mp)-TiO 2 , with CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite as light harvester, as well as a polymeric hole conductor. This platform creates new opportunities for the development of low-cost, solution-processed, high-efficiency solar cells. The use of a polymeric hole conductor, especially poly-triarylamine, substantially improves the open-circuit voltage V oc and fill factor of the cells. Solar cells based on these inorganic-organic hybrids exhibit a short-circuit current density J sc of 16.5 mA cm 22 , V oc of 0.997 V and fill factor of 0.727, yielding a power conversion efficiency of 12.0% under standard AM 1.5 conditions.
Understanding and harnessing the potential of layered perovskite-based absorbers for solar cells
Emergent Materials, 2020
Hybrid perovskite-based absorbers are promising materials for the fabrication of next-generation thin film photovoltaics, owing to their cost effectiveness and low amount of materials usage. Three-dimensional (3D) perovskite analogues have shown outstanding potential in terms of power conversion efficiency; however, the concern about its long-term stability impede its industrial endeavour. One such approach is the development and employment of lower dimensional, i.e. layered perovskite, structures that aim to achieve an improved stability along with competitive photovoltaic performance. Layered perovskite absorbers also provide a credible pathway of tuning the optoelectronic properties by judicious spacer groups. We highlight the use of layered perovskite-based absorbers and how its microstructure, optoelectronics, charge carrier dynamics influence the photovoltaic properties.
p-type Mesoscopic Nickel Oxide/Organometallic Perovskite Heterojunction Solar Cells
Scientific Reports, 2014
In this article, we present a new paradigm for organometallic hybrid perovskite solar cell using NiO inorganic metal oxide nanocrystalline as p-type electrode material and realized the first mesoscopic NiO/perovskite/ [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC 61 BM) heterojunction photovoltaic device. The photo-induced transient absorption spectroscopy results verified that the architecture is an effective p-type sensitized junction, which is the first inorganic p-type, metal oxide contact material for perovskite-based solar cell. Power conversion efficiency of 9.51% was achieved under AM 1.5 G illumination, which significantly surpassed the reported conventional p-type dye-sensitized solar cells. The replacement of the organic hole transport materials by a p-type metal oxide has the advantages to provide robust device architecture for further development of all-inorganic perovskite-based thin-film solar cells and tandem photovoltaics.
Solvent engineering for high-performance inorganic–organic hybrid perovskite solar cells
Organolead trihalide perovskite materials have been successfully used as light absorbers in eecient photovoltaic cells. Two diierent cell structures, based on mesoscopic metal oxides and planar heterojunctions have already demonstrated very impressive advances in performance. Here, we report a bilayer architecture comprising the key features of mesoscopic and planar structures obtained by a fully solution-based process. We used CH 3 NH 3 Pb(I 1−x Br x) 3 (x = 0.1–0.15) as the absorbing layer and poly(triarylamine) as a hole-transporting material. The use of a mixed solvent of γ-butyrolactone and dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) followed by toluene drop-casting leads to extremely uniform and dense perovskite layers via a CH 3 NH 3 I–PbI 2 –DMSO intermediate phase, and enables the fabrication of remarkably improved solar cells with a certified power-conversion eeciency of 16.2% and no hysteresis. These results provide important progress towards the understanding of the role of solution-processing in the realization of low-cost and highly eecient perovskite solar cells.
Hybrid Perovskite/Perovskite Heterojunction Solar Cells
ACS nano, 2016
Recently developed organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells combine low-cost fabrication and high power conversion efficiency. Advances in perovskite film optimization have led to an outstanding power conversion efficiency of more than 20%. Looking forward, shifting the focus toward new device architectures holds great potential to induce the next leap in device performance. Here, we demonstrate a perovskite/perovskite heterojunction solar cell. We developed a facile solution-based cation infiltration process to deposit layered perovskite (LPK) structures onto methylammonium lead iodide (MAPI) films. Grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering experiments were performed to gain insights into the crystallite orientation and the formation process of the perovskite bilayer. Our results show that the self-assembly of the LPK layer on top of an intact MAPI layer is accompanied by a reorganization of the perovskite interface. This leads to an enhancement of the open-circuit volta...
The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 2020
All-inorganic halide perovskite solar cells (PerSCs) have achieved rapid development in recent years. However, limited by narrow absorption bands, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of all-inorganic halide PerSCs lag behind the organic−inorganic hybrid ones. In this contribution, to expand their absorption spectra and enhance the PCE, tandem solar cells (TSCs) with inorganic perovskite and organic conjugated molecules are constructed, utilizing CsPbI 2 Br as an ultraviolet−visible light absorber and a PTB7-Th:IEICO-4F bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) active layer as a near-infrared light absorber. To physically and electronically connect the front and rear subcells, P3HT/MoO 3 /Ag/PFN-Br is introduced as an interconnecting junction. Finally, the TSCs exhibit a remarkably higher PCE of 17.24% compared to that of the single junction PerSCs (12.09%) and organic solar cells (OSCs) (10.89%). These results indicate that the combination of all-inorganic perovskite and a low bandgap organic active layer for TSCs is a feasible approach to realize broad spectra utilization and efficiency enhancement.
Journal of Electronic Materials, 2017
The impact of hole transport materials (HTMs) on the performance of methylammonium lead halide (CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3)-based perovskite solar cells has been investigated using computational analysis. The main objective is to replace the HTM with the aim of enhancing the lifetime and decreasing the overall cost of the device. As the CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 absorber layer shows an absorption coefficient as high as 10 5 /cm, all photons with incident energy larger the material bandgap are absorbed within only a 400-nm-thick layer. Also, all the electronic and optical properties of such an absorber layer are suitable for use in photovoltaic (PV) devices. Hence, the effects of the HTM thickness, operating temperature, incident light spectrum, and metal electrode work function on the charge collection were studied numerically. For a cell with Cu 2 O as HTM, efficiency exceeding 25% is predicted for a 350-nmthick absorber layer. Also, a fully optimized device architecture without HTM shows the possibility of fabricating a perovskite solar cell with PV efficiency exceeding 15%. We expect considerable minimization of the energy loss in this structure due to charge transfer across the heterojunction. Moreover, the effect of temperature on perovskite solar cells and potential electrodes with different work functions has been investigated. Our results are believed to help open an experimental avenue to achieve optimum results for perovskite solar cells with various structures.
Capturing the Sun: A Review of the Challenges and Perspectives of Perovskite Solar Cells
Advanced Energy Materials
He received his Ph.D. degree from Delft University of Technology in 2014, for his work on donor materials for organic solar cells, and was a visiting scholar at the University of Cambridge. His current research interests include the development of perovskite solar cells, with a focus on low-cost hole transporting materials, environmental impact, and stability of the perovskite. Sven Huettner currently works as an Assistant Professor (Juniorprofessor) at the University of Bayreuth. He received his diploma in physics from the University of Bayreuth in 2005, and worked on his Ph.D. degree in a joint collaboration with Prof. Ullrich Steiner (University of Cambridge) and Prof. Thelakkat (University of Bayreuth). From 2010-2013 he worked as a postdoc in the group of Prof. Sir Richard Friend (University of Cambridge) in the field of optoelectronics. His current research is concerned with investigating structure-function relations of novel organic and hybrid semiconductors toward applications in photovoltaics, transistors, and sensors.