Herbal Photoprotective Formulations and their Evaluation (original) (raw)
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The Health Benefits of Natural Skin Uva Photoprotective Compounds Found in Botanical Sources
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016
In recent years, botanicals have gained importance due to their dermal photoprotective effect against the harmful UV radiation. This radiation generates reactive oxygen species which attack proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids among others. This leads to the cellular oxidation, which is reflected as tanning, skin inflammation, erythema, immunosuppression, photoaging and skin cancer. The photoprotective activity of synthetic sunscreens is unsatisfactory due the proved incomplete spectral protection, toxicity, and allergenicity. The phytotherapy treatment with antioxidant compounds with potential UV absorbing capacity could offer a more effective photoprotection since they may impede, reverse or delay the process of formation of DNA adducts. The wide diversity of botanicals with photoprotective activity is attributed to several types of substances with phenolic chromophores. These compounds can be classified as flavonoids, phytoestrogens, carotenoids, xhantophylls, coumarins, proanthoc...
2016
In recent years, botanicals have gained importance due to their dermal photoprotective effect against the harmful UV radiation. This radiation generates reactive oxygen species which attack proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids among others. This leads to the cellular oxidation, which is reflected as tanning, skin inflammation, erythema, immunosuppression, photoaging and skin cancer. The photoprotective activity of synthetic sunscreens is unsatisfactory due the proved incomplete spectral protection, toxicity, and allergenicity. The phytotherapy treatment with antioxidant compounds with potential UV absorbing capacity could offer a more effective photoprotection since they may impede, reverse or delay the process of formation of DNA adducts. The wide diversity of botanicals with photoprotective activity is attributed to several types of substances with phenolic chromophores. These compounds can be classified as flavonoids, phytoestrogens, carotenoids, xhantophylls, coumarins, proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins, catechins, phenolic acids, triterpenes, alkaloids, etc. The bioactivity of these compounds is not limited to the photoprotective action, but antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic and immunomodulatory properties. The regular intake of these botanicals not only prevents but also delays the deleterious effects of sun radiation onto the skin. Therefore, these botanicals have gained considerable attention and are now included in most vitamin and cosmetic products. This review gives an overview of photoprotective botanicals mainly focused on UVA chromophores that are able to inhibit or reverse the damaging effects of sun radiation. The search criterion was made essentially on UVA photoprotective botanicals and related works published in the last ten years. The literature search included mainly the Google scholar, Science direct, and ISI web of knowledge databases.
Herbal photo actives for skin protection from harmful radiation
AIP Conference Proceedings, 2023
Solar radiation with UVA (320-400 nm) and UVB (290-320 nm) wavelengths can cause considerable harm, particularly to the skin. On the one hand, sunlight is necessary for the production of Vitamin D, yet long-term exposure to it can cause everything from sunburn to skin cancer. UV rays create dangerous molecules known as free radicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause skin cancer and premature ageing. Herbal formulations and extracts have long been used as sunscreen for photo protection and are thought to be more appropriate than allopathic topical medicines due to their complex composition and high sun protection factor or SPF value. Vitamins C, E, and flavonoid-rich herbs not only have antioxidant properties, but they also have a great ability to protect against UV-induced skin responses. Whole plant extracts such as Aniba canelilla, Calendula officinalis, Arrabidaea chica, Euphorbia tirucalli, and isolated compounds such as Pycnogenol, Apigenin, Resveratrol, quercetin, Sinapoyl malate, and Essential oils such as Red Raspberry Seed Oil, Carrot Seed Oil, Peppermint Oil, and others are the first choice in the current scenario. This review includes a detailed overview on skin damage and its protection with different available photo protective and cosmeceuticals.
Antioxidants, 2015
Photoaging and photocarcinogenesis are primarily due to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which alters DNA, cellular antioxidant balance, signal transduction pathways, immunology, and the extracellular matrix (ECM). The DNA alterations include UV radiation induced thymine-thymine dimers and loss of tumor suppressor gene p53. UV radiation reduces cellular antioxidant status by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the resultant oxidative stress alters signal transduction pathways such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), the nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-κB)/p65, the janus kinase (JAK), signal transduction and activation of transcription (STAT) and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). UV radiation induces pro-inflammatory genes and causes immunosuppression by depleting the number and activity of the epidermal Langerhans cells. Further, UV radiation remodels the ECM by increasing matrixmetalloproteinases (MMP) and reducing structural collagen and elastin. The photoprotective strategies to prevent/treat photoaging and photocarcinogenesis include oral or topical agents that act as sunscreens or counteract the effects of UV radiation on DNA,
Guidelines for the Development of Herbal-Based Sunscreen
Herbal Medicine, 2019
Sun protection is a complex topic, which involves various classes of compounds. The photoprotective effectiveness of a sunscreen involves many biological activities, such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation filter properties and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimutagenic effects. Formulation strategy is also a key factor. Several studies have examined the role of natural molecules as photoprotective compounds, and a considerable number of commercially available sunscreens contain herbal extracts but not as sunfilters. Indeed, the process of evaluation of UV-filtering and photoprotective activity of herbal compounds presents certain specific difficulties and needs in vitro and in vivo studies. Nowadays, no natural compound or vegetal extract has been approved by any country as official UV filter for sunscreen. With these premises, the aim of this chapter is to define a set of tests, which can help to evaluate the efficacy of an herbal extract in the field of sun protection; in other words, we propose a rational approach to the discovery of natural UV-filtering extract and molecules. The following electronic databases have been used as a source of information: SciFinder, PubMed, Google Scholar, ISI-Web of Science, and Scopus.
Photoprotective potential in some medicinal plants used to treat skin diseases in Sri Lanka
BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2016
Background: The constant exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UV) has a variety of harmful effects on human health. Although synthetic sunscreen products have been introduced as a preventive/therapeutic strategy, with the realization of their adverse side effects, the recent trend is to search for human friendly alternative formulations especially of plant origin. Therefore, the present study focuses on evaluation of photoprotective activity of aqueous extracts (1 mg/ml) of eleven medicinal plants in Sri Lanka that have been widely employed in traditional medicine as treatment options for various skin diseases and to improve the complexion. Methods: For the determination of UV filtering potential of the extracts, UV absorption was measured and the sun protection factor (SPF) was calculated according the Mansur equation. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH and ABTS assays.
Journal of Cosmetic …, 2012
Botanical photochemoprotectives are used because they act on various stages to prevent skin cancer and photoaging. The aim of this study was to prepare herbal creams from various photochemoprotective herbs and to perform effi cacy studies on them by using physicochemical, microbiological, safety, psychometric, biophysical, and sun protection factor measurements. Herbal creams were prepared by incorporating hydroalcoholic extracts of Curcuma caesia (rhizome), Areca catechu (seeds), Centella asiatica (leaves) Cinnamon zeylanicum (dried bark), and Tamarindus indica (fruit pulp) in varied concentrations (1-5% w/w) in a base cream. The effi cacy of all formulations was checked out for four weeks on 60 normal subjects on the volar forearm for evaluation of biophysical properties, and for psychometric evaluations (fragrance, lathery feel, softness, irritation, stickiness, smoothness, and aftereffect on the skin) and safety measurements. In the biophysical characterization, a cutometer for viscoelasticity, a mexameter for melanin content, a corneometer for hydration, and a sebumeter for sebum determination were used. All the cream formulations with 1% and 3% w/w extracts showed positive results and passed physicochemical, microbiological, and safety tests. The SPF values increased as the concentration of extract was increased up to a limit in the formulations. The SPF values were signifi cantly higher (p < 0.01) in formulations with 3% herbal extract than with 1% herbal extract. Increased skin hydration, sebum levels, viscoelasticity, and decreased melanin values were obtained. The Cinnamon, Centella, and Tamarindus formulations were found more effective as photoprotectives than the Areca and Curcuma formulations.
Potential of Natural Compounds as Sunscreen Agents
Pharmacognosy Reviews
Many skin diseases such as sunburn, pigmentation, wrinkles, dermatitis, urticaria, ageing, skin cancers and immune suppression are due to the extreme exposure to harmful sun radiations. The mere covering of skin through sunglasses, clothes or other external agents is not adequate protection method. Therefore, application of sunscreen is considered as one of the trendiest methods to get rid of the skin aging, sunburn and other related problem arises due to the exposure of ultraviolet radiation (UV) radiations. Sunscreen agents protect from the sun by absorbing the UV and visible sun rays. Herbs have been used in medicines and cosmetics from centuries and their potential to treat different skin diseases, to adorn and improve the skin appearance is well-known. The presented review article is concern with discussion on various plant derived chemicals acting as sunscreen agents such as squalene, peptides, and nucleotides etc and protecting mammalian skin. Herbs and herbal preparations have a high potential due to their antioxidant activity. Antioxidants such as vitamins (Vitamin C, Vitamin E), flavonoids, and phenolic acids play the main role in fighting against free radical species that are the main cause of numerous negative skin changes. Effective botanical antioxidant compounds are widely used in traditional medicine and include tocopherols, flavonoids, phenolic acids, nitrogen containing compounds (indoles, alkaloids, amines, and amino acids), and monoterpenes. Anthocyanin's, Proanthocyanidin, Quercetin, Anthranilate, Resveratrol, Apigenin, Silymarin, Curcumin, Carotenoids are well known plant derived active chemicals that have potential to absorb radiations. This review covers all essential aspects of potential of herbs as radioprotective agents and its prospects.