Highly Conductive Polyelectrolyte Membranes Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid) (PVA/PAMPS) for Fuel Cell Application (original) (raw)
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Polymer Testing, 2020
Proton-conducting and methanol barrier properties of the proton exchange membrane (PEM), as well as the high cost of direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) components, are the key determinants of the performance and commercialization of DMFCs. Therefore, this study aimed to develop cost-and performance-effective membranes based on sulphonated poly (vinyl chloride) (SPVC)/poly (2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulphonic acid) (PAMPS) blends. Such membranes have been simply prepared by blending SPVC and PAMPS solutions, followed by solvent evaporation via casting. Interaction of SPVC with PAMPS was confirmed by different characterization techniques such as Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR) and Raman scattering spectroscopy in which the two characteristic absorption bands of sulfonic groups appeared at 1093 and 1219 cm À 1 additionally, strong peaks at around 1656 cm À 1 attributed to vibration of amide groups of PAMPS portion in the polymer blend. Furthermore, the interaction of SPVC with PAMPS improves the thermal properties along with ion exchange capacity in turn decreasing the methanol permeability through the membrane in comparison with the SPVC membrane. The IEC of PVC and Nafion 117 membranes were 1.25, 0.91 meq/g; respectively. And the maximum water uptake of PVC and Nafion 117 membranes were 75 and 65.44%; respectively. Methanol permeability value of 7.7 � 10 À 7 cm 2 /s which was noticeably lower than the corresponding value recorded for Nafion® (3.39 � 10 À 6 cm 2 /s). Therefore, these fabricated membranes can be considered a low-cost efficient candidate for use in DMFC, especially for its capability to resolve the methanol cross-over issue.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS: ICAM 2019
In this work, polymer electrolyte membranes were synthesized by polyvinyl alcohol and Sulfosuccinic acid by phase inversion technique. Also, prepared polyvinyl alcohol with Sulfosuccinic acid by adding Montmorillonite (MMT) nanoparticles. The effect of different concentrations of (0,5,15,20,25 wt%) nanoparticles in the membranes was studied with respect to proton conductivity and methanol permeability. The characterization studies for the synthesized membranes were done by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Universal testing machine (UTM) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The result shows that the incorporation of the montmorillonite organoclay upon sulfonated PVA membrane strongly affected the properties of the membranes. FTIR spectrum confirms sulfonation. Mechanical stability was evaluated using UTM. Proton conductivity and methanol permeability of the membrane changed with the contents of Montmorillonite in a nonlinear fashion. The optimum concentration of Montmorillonite within the sulfonated membrane, corresponding to maximum proton conductivity to methanol permeability ratio was 15wt%. The novel Polyvinyl alcohol membrane showed excellent proton conductivity; less methanol permeability as compared to Nafion membrane.
The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, 2017
A new polymeric membrane blended from sulfonated polyetherimide (SPEI) and poly(eugenol sulfonate) (PES) was prepared as proton exchange membrane (PEM) for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). The membrane was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM). Ion exchange capacity (IEC), proton conductivity, methanol barrier, water uptake, water contact angle and mechanical strength of the membrane was also being determined. The new PES/SPEI membrane with 3 wt.% PES and 20 wt.% SPEI show higher IEC, water uptake, proton conductivity and methanol barrier properties as compared to Nafion 117 membrane. As a conclusion, the results indicate that the SPEI/PES membrane has potential to be employed as PEM for DMFC application.
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2008
Chemically cross-linked composite membranes consisting of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and silicotungstic acid (STA) have been prepared by solution casting and evaluated as proton-conducting polymer electrolytes. The proton conductivity of the membranes was investigated as a function of blending composition, cross-linking density, and temperature. The conductivity mechanism was investigated by using Impedance spectroscopy in the region between 40 Hz and 10 MHz. Membranes were also characterized by FTIR spectroscopy to confirm the crossl-inking reaction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to assess the thermal stability. Membrane swelling decreased with increase in cross-linking density accompanied by improvement in mechanical properties. The proton conductivity of the membranes was of the order of 10-3 S/cm and showed similar resistance to methanol permeability as Nafion 117 under the same measurement conditions.
A novel polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan, PCS, blended membrane is prepared by direct blend process and solution casting method. In order to reduce the swelling ratio and enhance the chemical and thermal stabilities of the PCS, PCS membrane is crosslinked with glutaraldehyde to get PCS-G membrane. These membranes are characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry analysis and mechanical properties of tensile strength and elongation at breaking. The structures of these membranes are identified with azocarmine G. The various membranes are immersed in KOH (aq) solution to form polymer electrolyte membranes and then the alkaline uptake and swelling ratio in the thickness (SW L ) and plane direction (SW A ) in membranes are studied. The ionic conductivity and methanol permeability of the membranes are conducted. It is found that the value of methanol permeability through the membrane is lower than that of Nafion membrane. Compared to data of Nafion and other studies, PCS91-G membranes with higher selectivity suggest their potential applications in DMFC.
2007
Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) membranes have been prepared as a potential polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) application. The SPEEK polymer was dissolved into N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) in a subsequent step after sulfonating the raw polymer with concentrated sulfuric acid. The polymer solutions were then cast by pneumatic casting machine. The influence of sulfonation reaction temperature on ion exchange capacity (IEC) and degree of sulfonation (DS) have been investigated. The results showed that the IEC and DS are increased with the temperature. The resulting membranes were then characterized by evaluating their physicochemical properties such as methanol permeability and proton conductivity as a function of DS. The overall results showed that sulfonation process successfully enhanced the proton conductivity of the membrane and the values were comparable with commercial membrane, Nafion ® 117, at room temperature. Although the methanol permeability of membrane also increased after sulfonation process and proportional with DS, the value was still lower than Nafion ® 117.
Cross-linked poly(aryl ether sulfone) membranes for direct methanol fuel cell applications
Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 2018
Partially sulfonated poly(aryl ether sulfone) (PESS) was synthesized and methacrylated via reaction with glycidyl methacrylate (PESSGMA) and cross-linked via radical polymerization with styrene and vinyl-phosphonic acid (VPA). The chemical structures of the synthesized pre-polymers were characterized via FTIR and 1 H NMR spectroscopic methods and molecular weight was determined via GPC. Membranes of these polymers were prepared via solution casting method. The crosslinking of the PESS polymer reduced IEC, proton conductivity, swelling in water, and methanol permeability of the membranes while increasing the modulus and the glass transition temperature. However, the introduction of the VPA comonomer increased the proton conductivity while maintaining excellent resistance to methanol cross-over, which was significantly higher as compared with both PESS and the commercial Nafion membranes. Membranes of PESSGMA copolymers incorporating VPA, exhibited proton conductivity values at 60 8C in the range of 16-32 mS cm 21 and methanol permeability values in the range of 6.52 3 10 29-1.92 3 10 28 cm 2 s 21 .
Reactive and Functional Polymers, 2015
A coherent review on the advanced Proton exchange membranes (PEMs) for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) application and the future direction in the development of a high performance polymeric membrane for DMFC were discussed in this paper. PEMs have a profound influence on performance of DMFC. The PEMs are categorized into five groups which are partially fluorinated, perfluorinated ionomers, acid-base complexes, non-fluorinated ionomers, hydro carbon and aromatic polymers. Many researchers have investigated the functionalization methods on the PEMs to solve methanol crossover problem while obtaining low electronic conductivity, high proton conductivity, low electro osmotic drag coefficient, high mechanical properties and good chemical and thermal stability. Including in this review, fabrication of PEM using electrospinning process coupled with the promising functionalized polymeric materials which were known to be the most important initiatives at present in order to further expand the full potential of DMFC performance.
Polyimide Based Polymer Electrolyte Membrane For Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Applications
2019
Polymer electrolyte composite membranes comprised of the polyimide (PI) with αcyclodextrin (α-CD) were developed by solution cast technique. The proton conductivity of the blend membrane has been investigated by means of impedance spectroscopy. The thermal and mechanical properties of membranes were investigated by TGA and tensile strength test, respectively. The composite membranes perform a variety of advantages, such as good thermal stability, outstanding mechanical performance and the composite membranes have superior water uptake. The proton conductivity of PIα-CD 20% was 1.08×10 S cm at 70 °C under 100% RH. The obtained results demonstrate that developed composite blend membrane shows good prospect for direct methanol fuel cell applications.
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2008
This work concerned a development of sulfonated polystyrene (SPS)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) blend membrane for use as an electrolyte in a direct methanol fuel cell. The aim of this work was to investigate effects of the blend ratio on properties of the blend membranes. The partially SPS with various degrees of substitution were prepared by using propionyl sulfate as a sulfonating agent. After that, the optimum SPS was selected for further blending with PVDF, at various blend ratios. Poly(styrene)-poly(methyl methacrytlate) block copolymer (PS-b-PMMA), used as a compatibilizer, was synthesized via a controlled radical polymerization through the use of an iniferter. Thermal behaviors, water uptake, proton conductivity, and methanol permeability of various blend membranes were determine by using TGA, gravime-try, impedance analyzer, and gas chromatography, respectively. From the results, it was found that, water uptake and methanol permeability of the blend membranes tended to increase with the weight ratio of SPS. It was also found that the blend membranes were incompatible, especially those containing more than 40 wt % of the SPS. However, by adding 5 wt % of the block copolymer, the blend became more compatible. Mechanical strength, proton conductivity, and resistance to methanol crossover of the blend membrane remarkably increased after the compatibilization.