Determinants of vaccination coverage in rural Nigeria (original) (raw)
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BMC Public Health, 2016
Background: Routine immunisation (RI) contributes immensely to reduction in mortality from vaccine preventable diseases (VPD) among children. The Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey, 2008 revealed that only 58 % of children in Osun State had received all recommended vaccines, which is far below World Health Organization (WHO) target of 80 %. We therefore, assessed RI uptake and its determinants among children in Atakumosa-west district of Osun State. Methods: Atakumosa-west district has an estimated population of 90,525 inhabitants. We enrolled 750 mothers of children aged 12-23 months in this cross-sectional study. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to obtain data on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of mothers on RI, history of RI in children and factors associated with full RI uptake. A fully-immunised child was defined as a child who had received one dose of Bacillus-Calmette-Guerin, three doses of Oral-Polio-Vaccine, three doses of Diptheria-Pertusis-Tetanus vaccine and one dose of measles vaccine by 12 months of age. We tested for the association between immunisation uptake and its likely determinants using multivariable logistic regression at 0.05 level of significance and 95 % confidence Interval (CI). Results: Mean ± (SD) age of the mothers and children were 27.9 ± 6.1 years and 17.2 ± 4.0 months, respectively. About 94 % (703/750) of mothers had received antenatal care (ANC) and 63.3 % (475) of the children possessed vaccination cards. Seventy-six percent (571/750) had good knowledge of RI and VPD. About 58 % (275/475) of children who possessed vaccination card were fully-immunised. Mothers antenatal care attendance (aOR = 3.3, 95 % CI = 1.1-8.3), maternal tetanus toxoid immunisation (aOR = 3.2, 95 % CI = 1.1-10.0) access to immunisation information (aOR = 1.8, 95 % CI = 1.1-2.5) and mothers having good knowledge of immunisation (aOR = 2.4, 95 % CI = 1.6-3.8) were significant determinants of full immunisation. Conclusions: Routine immunisation uptake was still below WHO target in the study area. Encouraging mothers to attend antenatal care and educational interventions targeted at rural mothers are recommended to improve vaccination status of children in the rural communities.
Determinants of routine immunization coverage in Bungudu, Zamfara State, Northern Nigeria, May 2010
Pan African Medical Journal, 2014
Introduction: Immunization is a cost-effective public health intervention to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with infectious diseases. The Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey of 2008 indicated that only 5.4% of children aged 12-23 months in Bungudu, Zamfara State were fully immunized. We conducted this study to identify the determinants of routine immunization coverage in this community. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study. We sampled 450 children aged 12-23 months. We interviewed mothers of these children using structured questionnaire to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge on immunization, vaccination status of children and reasons for non-vaccination. We defined a fully immunized child as a child who had received one dose of BCG, three doses of oral polio vaccine, three doses of Diptheria-Pertusis-Tetanus vaccine and one dose of measles vaccine by 12 months of age. We performed bivariate analysis and logistic regression using Epi-info software. Results: The mean age of mothers and children were 27 years (standard error (SE): 0.27 year) and 17 months (SE: 0.8 month) respectively. Seventy nine percent of mothers had no formal education while 84% did not possess satisfactory knowledge on immunization. Only 7.6% of children were fully immunized. Logistic regression showed that possessing satisfactory knowledge (Adjusted OR=18.4, 95% CI=3.6-94.7) and at least secondary education (Adjusted OR=3.6, 95% CI=1.2-10.6) were significantly correlated with full immunization. Conclusion: The major determinants of immunization coverage were maternal knowledge and educational status. Raising the level of maternal knowledge and increasing maternal literacy level are essential to improve immunization coverage in this community.
International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences, 2020
Immunization is a cost-effective public health intervention to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with infectious diseases. The Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey of 2018 indicated that only 5.4% of children aged 12-23 months in Dutse, Jigawa State was fully immunized. The study was conducted to identify the determinants of routine immunization coverage in Dutse area of Jigawa state. The study adopted a cross-sectional method.450 children aged 12-23 months were sampled. Interviews of mothers of these children were carried out using a structured questionnaire to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of immunization, vaccination status of children and reasons for non-vaccination. The study defined a fully immunized child as a child who had received one dose of BCG, three doses of the oral polio vaccine, three doses of Diptheria-Pertussis-Tetanus vaccine and one dose of measles vaccine by 12 months of age. The study performed bivariate analysis and logistic regression using Epi-info software. The findings of the study reveal that the mean age of mothers and children were 27 years (standard error (SE): 0.27 year) and 17 months (SE: 0.8 months) respectively. 79% of mothers had no formal education while 84% did not possess satisfactory knowledge of immunization. Only 7.6% of children were fully immunized. Logistic regression showed that possessing satisfactory knowledge (Adjusted OR=18.4, 95% CI=3.6-94.7) and at least secondary education (Adjusted OR=3.6, 95% CI=1.2-10.6) were significantly correlated with full immunization. The major determinants of immunization coverage were maternal knowledge and educational status. Raising the level of maternal knowledge and increasing maternal literacy level is essential to improve immunization coverage in this community.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES OF MOTHERS TOWARDS CHILDHOOD VACCINATION IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE AND PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH , 2024
Despite the significant impact of vaccination on reducing child mortality from vaccine-preventable diseases like measles, polio, tuberculosis, and haemophilus influenza, vaccine uptake and coverage remain a challenge, particularly in countries like Nigeria. While the government provides free routine immunization up to age two, many children miss out on essential vaccines beyond this age due to various factors. This study aimed to investigate the awareness, attitudes, and practices of mothers regarding childhood immunization, particularly beyond the age of two, in Alimosho Local Government Area of Lagos, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 291 mothers, collecting data on immunization awareness, attitudes, and practices using a modified, pretested questionnaire administered through an online survey. Descriptive and inferential Chi-square statistics were used to analyze the data. The results revealed that the majority of participants were Yoruba (77.3%), semi-employed (53.6%), and had tertiary education (92.1%). Although 76.6% of the women demonstrated poor knowledge of immunization, a significant majority (79.4%) had positive attitudes towards vaccination. While no significant association was found between sociodemographic variables and knowledge about immunization, ethnicity (p = 0.026), employment status (p = 0.016), and educational level (p < 0.001) were strongly associated with positive attitudes towards immunization. The overall knowledge and attitudes of mothers in Alimosho Local Government Area were found to be lower than reported in other regions of Nigeria. To address these findings, it is recommended that targeted health promotion strategies be developed to improve knowledge and awareness about immunization among mothers in this area. These strategies should leverage various media platforms to reach a wider audience and emphasize the importance of completing the full immunization schedule for children. Additionally, efforts should be made to enhance access to immunization services and address socio-demographic disparities that may influence vaccine uptake.
2022
Purpose-This study aimed to assess the immunization status of children in the rural suburbs of Sokoto state. The study aimed to examine the knowledge and perception of the respondents towards immunization, their vaccination coverage, and factors that may influence their immunization status. Design/methods/approach-This study, which took place in Sokoto state, Nigeria, used a questionnaire as the data collection instrument for a descriptive observational survey. The participants in the study consisted of opinion/community leaders, community men and women, and healthcare providers from the study area. The study population encompassed all people in the region under investigation. The sample size was 300 respondents selected through cluster sampling, and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the X 2 test. Findings-The study's respondents were primarily male (66.7%), with a significant female population (33.3%), all aged 26-35. The majority were married (66.7%) and had tertiary education (66.7%), while some had secondary (16.7%) or primary education (16.7%). Immunization knowledge was primarily obtained through friends (66.7%) and healthcare workers (33.3%), with the expected time to begin immunization after nine months of age. All respondents had vaccinated their children and possessed vaccination cards. Factors affecting immunization included socioeconomic status (33.3%), beliefs (26.7%), geographic barriers (16.6%), and awareness (16.7%). The DPT1/DPT3 immunization coverage rate was 85%. Research implications/limitations-This study offers valuable insights for developing effective immunization programs in rural areas. The findings highlight the importance of educating friends and family members and promoting high levels of awareness and motivation towards immunization to encourage the adoption of similar strategies. However, it is essential to note that the study's focus on immunization in children may limit its relevance to other age groups. Practical implications-Immunization is crucial for saving lives and protecting individuals, families, and communities from various diseases, offering profound benefits beyond health. This study has practical implications for policymakers, researchers, healthcare providers, students, and non-governmental organizations who can benefit from its findings to improve immunization strategies. Originality/value-This study provides valuable insights into the immunization status of children in rural areas of Sokoto state, highlighting the importance of education, awareness, and motivation towards immunization to promote higher vaccination coverage rates and improve public health.
2020
Childhood immunization remains one of the most important and cost-effective public health interventions that reduces both morbidity and mortality associated with infectious diseases in children yet it is still underutilized. The study assessed the level of knowledge and attitude of mothers towards childhood immunization. This is a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study involving 141 mothers that brought their babies for vaccination at Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Abakaliki, Nigeria. The data collected were analyzed using SPPS version 23. Only 40 (28.8%) had good knowledge of childhood immunization. Positive attitude towards immunization was seen in 139 (98.6%) mothers. 101 (71.6%) had missed vaccination appointments for their child with the far immunization center (50.0%) being the main reason given by the respondents. Age, parity of respondents, number of living children, educational status, and place of residence were significantly associated with knowledge of childhood immunization among the study participants (p<0.05). Majority of the mothers had poor knowledge of childhood immunization. Maternal educational status was a positive and the only significant (p<0.05) predictor of good knowledge of childhood immunization. It is recommended that information on immunization be taken to the door step of every mother, while intensifying optimized routine immunization sessions to daily vaccination at fixed post as well as integration of routine immunization with other health services.
Factors affecting the vaccination status of under five children in Nasarawa State, Nigeria
African Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2021
Immunization is the most cost effective of public health intervention geared towards reducing childhood morbidity and mortality. There has been a global increase in the rate of immunization coverage with its attendant decline in vaccine preventable deaths. The immunization coverage in developing countries like Nigeria has however been challenging due to some reasons. Therefore, this study determined the immunization status and the factors affecting the vaccination status of under five children in Nasarawa State. Cross sectional descriptive studies of under five children in Nasarawa State using a multi staged sampling technique. Interviewer administered questionnaire was used for the recruited participants across the three senatorial zones of the state. Data collection was done using both the immunization cards and oral interview of care-givers. Data analysis was with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Univariates, bivariates and multivariates analyses were done with significant value set at p < 0.05. A total of 55,036 of the target population of 74,775 (4% of the total population of Nasarawa State) received (Baccille, Calmette and Guerin BCG) vaccine in the state in the year 2018, giving a 73.6% immunization coverage for Nasarawa State in the year 2018. Immunization drop-out rate for pentavalent vaccine was 31.6%. The location of Primary Healthcare Centre, antenatal care attendance, distance to healthcare centre and numbers of children in a household are strong determinants of the immunization status across Nasarawa State. There is high immunization coverage in the present study. Incomplete immunization is influenced by Ignorance, mother's travelling, fathers' refusal, child's small stature and or illness as well as distance to the health facilities.
IMMUNIZATION COVERAGE AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH
In Uganda, routine immunization coverage for dipthera-pertusis and tetanus (DPT), Measles and poliomyelitis (Polio) in Kampala district for children of ages 12 to 18 months averages 53%. This is well below the targeted score of 80% as per Uganda National Expanded Programme on Immunization (UNEPI) Standards. In Kawempe division, Kampala District, the coverage rate is even lower at 50.3%. The government of Uganda, in collaboration with development partners, has committed to allocate more funds to increase immunization coverage. In Uganda, infants' routine immunization coverage for DPT3, Measles and Polio for children of ages 12 to 18 months in Kawempe division ranges between below and just above average.
Vaccine-related knowledge and utilization of childhood immunization among mothers in urban Lagos
Nigerian journal of paediatrics, 2020
Background: Immunization is the single most costeffective preventive health intervention which saves the lives of 2 -3 million children annually. Theunsatisfactory immunization coverage numbers have unsurprisingly resulted in abysmal child mortality figures across the country. This study aims to assess mother’s knowledge and immunization utilization among underfives in an urban community. Methods: A descriptive crosssectional study was carried out among 232 mothers of under- five children in an urban community in Lagos State. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the respondents. A semistructured interviewer administered questionnaire was used as the survey tool for data collection and a checklist for sighted immunization cards. The entry and analysis of the data was done using EPI – Info Version 7.2.1.0 software computer program. Chi square was used to test association. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: All respondents were aware...
mmunization coverage in Bida Emirate Area (BEA) is still very low in spite of the huge financial resources expended in Nigeria.This however, raises concerns as to what could be responsible. This study aimed at assessing the effects of mothers’ knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) on immunization coverage in the rural communities of BEA of Niger state. Chi square was used to determine the effect of KAP and multiple logistic analyses was used to determine the likelihood effects of these factors on immunization status.The full immunization (FI) coverage was 27.81%. The study revealed that the percentage of those who had considerable knowledge of: number of times OPVs are given, the age of the child at which MCV is given and BCG preventable symptoms were significantly higher for those who have their children completely immunized. The low literacy level in these rural communities may be responsible for the very low KAP of mothers recorded, which also may have contributed to the very low immunization status. We recommended among others that girl child education is given more priority over early marriage in this area as well as increased rural community mobilisation and participation for both men and women in immunization services. Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Immunization, Vaccination, Coverage, Bida Emirate, Rural