A Review on Antenna Radiation Pattern Synthesis (original) (raw)
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IEEE Access
The number of elements reduction in different antenna array configurations such as linear, circular, rectangular, planar, and non-planar is of main concern for several research groups. This minimizes the complexity of the feeding network in static antenna arrays, whereas, in adaptive antenna arrays, it reduces the number of active components. The main issue in the array synthesis is to preserve the radiation pattern with minimum distortion compared to the original pattern. These issues are addressed by many researchers in linear, planar, and concentric circular arrays, but no attempt is made in the synthesis of uniform circular antenna arrays (UCAAs) that have elements distributed on a single circle. This is because the synthesis is almost performed in one plane where the radiation patterns in other planes are not predicted. In this paper, most of the aforementioned challenges are treated; the number of elements is reduced, the radiation pattern has minimum distortion, and the radiation pattern is symmetric in all array orthogonal planes. This is performed by dividing the original UCAA's 3D radiation pattern into a suitable number of 2D plane patterns, each of which is separately synthesized using the specified number of elements. The 2D pattern synthesis process for a particular plane is confined to estimating a new set of non-uniform excitation coefficients while keeping the original UCAA's array radius. To construct the final set of synthesized excitation coefficients for the 3D array pattern synthesis, we aggregate all of the estimated sets of excitation coefficients and take the average. To verify the efficacy of the proposed technique, the original and synthesized arrays are realized using the CST Microwave Studio using λ 2 dipole elements. The results indicated that substantially matched patterns were obtained. Furthermore, the coupling between the synthesized array elements is decreased, which enhances the radiation efficiency and realized array gain. INDEX TERMS Antenna array beamforming (BF), side lobe level (SLL), computer simulation technology (CST), dynamic range ratio (DRR), uniform circular antenna array (UCAA).
IntechOpen eBooks, 2020
In this chapter, several planar array designs based on the use of a small number of the active elements located at the center of the planar array surrounded by another number of the uniformly distributed parasitic elements are investigated. The parasitic elements are used to modify the radiation pattern of the central active elements. The overall radiation pattern of the resulting planar array with a small number of active elements is found to be comparable to that of the fully active array elements with a smaller sidelobe level (SLL) at the cost of a relatively wider beamwidth and lower directivity. Nevertheless, the uses of only a small number of the active elements provide a very simple feeding network that reduces the cost and the complexity of the array. Simulation results which have been computed using computer simulation technology-microwave studio (CST-MWS) show that the sidelobe level of the designed array pattern with parasitic elements is considerably better than that of the similar fully active array elements. The proposed array can be effectively and efficiently used in the applications that require wider antenna beams.
Comparative and comprehensive study of linear antenna arrays’ synthesis
International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems, 2022
In this paper, a comparative and comprehensive study of synthesizing linear antenna array (LAA) designs, is presented. Different desired objectives are considered in this paper; reducing the maximum sidelobe radiation pattern (i.e., pencil-beam pattern), controlling the first null beamwidth (FNBW), and imposing nulls at specific angles in some designs, which are accomplished by optimizing different array parameters (feed current amplitudes, feed current phase, and array elements positions). Three different optimization algorithms are proposed in order to achieve the wanted goals; grasshopper optimization algorithms (GOA), ant lion optimization (ALO), and a new hybrid optimization algorithm based on GOA and ALO. The obtained results show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithms to achieve the wanted targets. In most experiments, the proposed algorithms outperform other well-known optimization methods, such as; Biogeography based optimization (BBO), particle swarm optimization (PSO), firefly algorithm (FA), cuckoo search (CS) algorithm, genetic algorithm (GA), Taguchi method, self-adaptive differential evolution (SADE), modified spider monkey optimization (MSMO), symbiotic organisms search (SOS), enhanced firefly algorithm (EFA), bat flower pollination (BFP) and tabu search (TS) algorithm.
Pattern synthesis of linear phased arrays with optimized unit circle Boundary Conditions
2019
The present work perturbs the synthesis of linear array patterns in periodic phases in the presence of asymmetric element pattern and mutual coupling. To mitigate the above problems in small linear phased arrays, an approach proposed using a Schelkunoff’s unit circle z-plane coupled with PSO, with zeros in z-plane constrained using intelligently defined solution space boundary conditions. The proposed optimisation scheme achieves better radiation pattern objectives in addition of mutual coupling for scanned low side lobe beam sum pattern and wide band sector-beam pattern. Convergence performance comparisons have shown that the preferred scheme, IzBC-PSO, is faster, consistent and more accurate than other optimization techniques. Significant improvement in the results is obtained by using a Bow-tie dielectric resonator antenna in 4.5 to 5.5 GHz frequency ranges. Keywords-IZBC-PSO, Schelkunoff’s Unit Circle, Bowtie dielectric resonator antenna,Mutual Coupling, intelligently defined so...
Study of mutual coupling effect on radiated patterns of antenna arrays
IEE Proceedings - Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, 1997
The purpose of this communication is to study the effect of the mutual coupling between element arrays on radiated patterns. This effect is directly introduced into a power far-field patterns synthesis arrays to be compensated. In this paper two cases are considered: pencil and shaped sloping beams.
Improvement of array radiation pattern by element position perturbation
2008
Position perturbation of the array elements is used for reducing the sidelobe structure in the radiation pattern of phased arrays. Results of computer simulations showed good improvements in the side lobe structure as compared to the equal size linear array. A quantitative measure of the improvement is postulated. Results are compared with those obtainable from the technique of adding 2 auxiliary elements.
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters
In this paper a pattern synthesis method based on Differential Evolution Algorithm (DE) is presented to generate dual beam patterns from a planar array of isotropic antennas. These are cosec 2 pattern and pencil beam pattern. These patterns are obtained by finding out an optimum set of common elements amplitude (for cosec 2 pattern as well as a pencil beam pattern), and a set of phases, for cosec 2 pattern only. 4-bit discrete amplitudes and 5-bit discrete phases are used to reduce the design complexity of feed network. The beam patterns have been generated in two different azimuth planes instead of one particular plane. The evaluated excitations are also verified by considering a range of arbitrarily chosen azimuth planes, where the patterns are generated with some minor variations of the desired parameters. Obtained results clearly established the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Reduction of Sidelobe Structure in Phased Arrays
A simple teclmique for, reducing the sidelobe stnicture in tlie radiation patteni of phased arrays is prcsenled. Tlus techniqne uses an auxiliary antenna consisting of two or four elements in conjunction with the liiain array. Tlie two 'elements produce a cosine pattern of constant amplitude. The four elenients can produce a sine pattern w:itIi vaqing amplitude depending npon rlie size of the auxiliay a n t e m . Adding or subtrdcting the pattern of the anxiliaq antenna lo the pattern or the iliain array will result in a new pattern with reduced sidelobes. Results of computer siniulations showed good iniproveineius in the sidelobe stnicture.