Comparison of Body Mass Index and fat percentage criteria classification of 7–13 year-old rural boys in South Africa (original) (raw)
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2020
Background: The aim of this paper is to investigate whether BMI and fat percentage classification criteria, would classify a sample in similar criteria’s. Methods: A cross-sectional study with a stratified random sampling included 602 rural boys (7–13 years old). Fat percentage criteria classification and BMI was measured Maturity, age and peak height velocity (PHV) were indirectly determined. Statistical techniques included descriptive, Pearson product correlation, the Kappa agreement test and the McNemar’s test. The level of statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: All age groups presented statistically significant high correlations between BMI and fat percentage, and low to medium correlations between fat percentage and maturity age (MA). Measurement of agreement between BMI and fat percentage classifications showed poor to fair agreements for all age groups, with the exception of the eight-year old group which presented a moderate agreement. Conclusion: Classificat...
Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 2009
The purpose of this observational prospective cohort study was to investigate the development and tracking of body mass index (BMI) of Ellisras rural children from preschool age into late adolescence from the Ellisras Longitudinal Growth and Health Study. Heights and weights of children were measured according to the standard procedures recommended by the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry twice a year from 1996 to 2003. In total, 2,225 children-550 preschool and 1,675 primary school-aged 3-10 years (birth cohorts 1993 to 1986) were enrolled at baseline in 1996 and followed through out the eight-year periodic surveys. In 2003, 1,771 children-489 preschool and 1,282 primary school-were still in the study. The prevalence of overweight was significantly higher among girls (range 1.6-15.5%) compared to boys (range 0.3-4.9%) from age 9.1 years to 14.9 years. The prevalence of thinness (severe, moderate, and mild) ranged from 7.1% to 53.7% for preschool children and from 8.0% to 47.6% for primary school children. Both preschool and primary school children showed a significant association between the first measurements of BMI and the subsequent measurement which ranged from B=0.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.1-0.4) to B=0.8 (95% CI 0.6-0.9) for preschool and B=0.2 (95% CI 0.1-0.3) to B=0.7 (95% CI 0.6-0.8) for primary children. A significant tracking of BMI during 4-12 years of life was more consistent for preschool children (B=0.6 (95% CI 0.6-0.7) and for primary school children (B=0.6 (95%CI 0.5-0.6). Investigation of nutritional intake and physical activity patterns will shed light on how healthy these children are and their lifestyle.
African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine
Background: This study was designed to estimate overweight and obesity in school children by using contrasting definitions recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF).Method: The sample size consisted of 1361 learners (n = 678 boys; n = 683 girls) aged 9–13 years who were randomly selected from Mpumalanga and Limpopo provinces of South Africa. A cross-sectional and descriptive design was used to measure the children’s anthropometric characteristics. Based on height and weight measurements, the children’s body mass index (BMI) was calculated and used to classify them as underweight, overweight and obese. Percentage body fat was calculated from the sum of two skinfolds (i.e. triceps and subscapular). Age-specific BMI, percentage body fat and sum of skinfolds were examined for the boys and girls.Results: A higher prevalence of overweight and obesity was found in boys and girls when the CDC BMI categories were used....
Analysis of Body Mass Index (BMI) of 3 to 18-year-old boys in 6 cohorts
Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 2015
Growth and maturation of children is a dynamic and complex biological process, influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Children's growth pattern can change from time to time, therefore, it is necessary to investigate the state of children's somatic development repeatedly. According to a widely accepted and scientifically proven theory, children's growth and maturation status is a sensible indicator of the nutritional and health conditions of the general population. Thus, information about growth and development of children and youth mirrors the biological status and/or welfare of a population. The "Körmend Growth Study", a chain of repeated cross-sectional growth studies performed on children in the town of Körmend (Hungary) was one of the first realizations of this principle. Anthropological investigations have been performed in Körmend in every 10 years since 1958 in a systematic way. The data are prepared from groups of 1563 to 2867 boys in Körmend, between 1958 and 2008 at 10-year intervals. Body Mass Index (BMI) was introduced into the human biology practice for the statistical evaluation of nutritional status according to the suggestions of Keys and coworkers. Comparing distinct ten-year intervals from 1958 to 2008, a characteristic tendency of BMI can be observed in boys.
Association between determinants of weight status in children, 13-15 years in Bloemfontein
2009
Introduction: Obesity is multifactorial in its causes and the school environment and socio-economic status are some of the factors that have been shown to play an important role in the development of obesity in children. Objective: To determine nutritional practices at schools and the association between weight status and the socio-economic status of children aged 13 – 15 years in Bloemfontein, in the Free State Province. Design: A cross-sectional analytical study.
African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine
Background: Prevalence of obesity in youths has drastically increased in both industrialised and non-industrialised countries, and this transition resulted in an increased prevalence of chronic diseases.Aim: The study aimed to comparatively examine prevalence of overweight and obesity status based on tri-ponderal mass index and body mass index in estimating body fat levels in South African children.Setting: The study was conducted in Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces of South Africa.Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 1361 (boys: n = 678; girls: n = 683) children aged 9–13 years was undertaken. The children’s age and sex-related measurements of body weight, waist-to-height ratio, waist-to-hip ratio, triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfolds and sum of skinfold were taken using the International Society for Advancement of Kinanthropometry protocol. TMI and BMI calculations classified children according to weight and age categories. Descriptive statistics, Spearman’s correlations and mu...
International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 2004
To investigate the relationship between stunting and overweight among 10-15-y-old children of the North West Province in South Africa. A single cross-sectional study design was used. The study formed part of the THUSA BANA project. The total study population of the THUSA BANA project comprised of 1257 randomly selected subjects, aged 10-15 y. Stunting was described as the height below the 5th percentile for age using the CDC standard percentiles. Furthermore, the definitions of overweight and obesity according to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) were used, where the cutoff points for body mass index (BMI) corresponds with the adult BMI of 25 and 30, respectively. Anthropometrical variables namely triceps (TSF) and subscapular skinfolds (SSF), waist circumference, weight, height and BMI of the 10-15-y-old subjects were analysed. Stunting was most prevalent in the rural areas (girls 23.7% and boys 26.7%) compared with urban areas (girls 11.6%, boys 17.1%). The odds ratio an...
South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Background: Childhood obesity has become a growing global epidemic. In South Africa, overweight and obesity during childhood and adolescence are rising. The objectives of this study were (i) to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among selected students in Cofimvaba, a rural settlement in Eastern Cape province, South Africa, and (ii) to assess the accuracy of the mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and ultrasound triceps skin-fold thickness (TSF) methods of predicting these health parameters Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 211 students (109 girls and 102 boys) selected randomly from five public schools in Cofimvaba and aged 6-19 years. The weight, height, MUAC and TSF were determined by standard techniques. Data obtained were subjected to descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: Overall 1.9% (1.8% girls and 2.0% boys) of the respondents were underweight, 14.8% (21.1% and 7.8% boys) were overweight and 2.8% (4.6% girls and 1.0% boys) were obese. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in girls than boys during adolescence but there was no gender difference in children (6-9 years). Most of the students (80.6%) had a healthy weight, with boys being significantly (p < 0.05) healthier than girls. The BMI showed significant strong correlations with MUAC (r = 0.926; p < 0.001) and TSF (r = 0.643; p < 0.001). ROC curve analysis gave an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.795 (95% CI, 0.761-0.889) and 0.835 (95% CI, 0.771-0.899) for MUAC and TSF respectively. Conclusion: The study found a high prevalence of overweight children in the sample and a low prevalence of stunting and underweight. The adolescent girls are at a higher risk of being overweight and obese than the boys. MUAC and TSF can adequately predict overweight and obesity among the selected students.
South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Background: The objective was to compare the body composition of black stunted, and non-stunted, children, from two rural communities in South Africa, and investigate whether increased total and central adiposity is found in stunted children. The design was a cross-sectional study. The setting was two study populations of children in rural South Africa. The subjects were 351 children aged 10-15 years old [Transition and Health during Urbanisation of South Africans (THUSA BANA) study], and 1 760 children aged 6-13 years old [Ellisras Longitudinal Growth and Health Study (ELS)]. Method: The body mass index (BMI), BMI for age z-score, sum of triceps and subscapular skin folds (SSF), waist circumference (WC), waist:height ratio (WHtR) of stunted, and non-stunted, children, were compared. Results: Almost 10% (n = 203) of children were stunted, and 34% had a BMI for age z-score below -2. After adjustment for age, non-stunted children had significantly higher values for BMI and WC, in both...
Predictors of adolescent weight status and central obesity in rural South Africa
Public Health Nutrition, 2011
ObjectiveTo investigate predictors of adolescent obesity in rural South Africa.DesignCross-sectional study. Height, weight and waist circumference were measured using standard procedures. Overweight and obesity in adolescents aged 10–17 years were assessed using the International Obesity Taskforce cut-offs, while the WHO adult cut-offs were used for participants aged 18–20 years. Waist-to-height ratio of >0·5 defined central obesity in those at Tanner stages 3–5. Linear and logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate risk factors.SettingAgincourt sub-district, rural South Africa.SubjectsParticipants (n 1848) were aged 10–20 years.ResultsCombined overweight and obesity was higher in girls (15 %) than boys (4 %), as was central obesity (15 % and 2 %, respectively). With regard to overweight/obesity, fourfold higher odds were observed for girls and twofold higher odds were observed for participants from households with the highest socio-economic status (SES). The odds for over...