Autistic learning and behavioural difficulties inventory: Validation of the screening instrument (original) (raw)
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Autistic Learning & Behavioural Difficulties Inventory: Validation of the Screening Instrument
The triad of impairments in communication, social interaction, and imagination is often used in autism screening tools. In this paper, the authors have proposed an alternative by examining autistic learning and behavioural challenges in cognitive, conative, affective and sensory processes. The alternative pinpoints the specific needs and strengths for informing decisions on selecting appropriate autism treatment strategies to follow up. They trialled the use of the Autistic Learning and Behavioural Difficulties Inventory (ALBDI) on 53 participants and validated it on the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale-Second Edition (GARS-2). Findings of their study suggested that ALBDI is a useful measure where its total autistic learning and behavioural difficulties scores correlated significantly with the GARS-2 total standard scores of its subtests and its Autism Index with Pearson correlation coefficients r = .800 (p<.01) and r = .801 (p<.01) respectively. ALBDI is included in the Appendix.
Efficacy of three screening instruments in the identification of autistic-spectrum disorders
British Journal of Psychiatry, 2007
BackgroundScreening instruments for autistic-spectrum disorders have not been compared in the same sample.AimsTo compare the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ), the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and the Children's Communication Checklist (CCC).MethodScreen and diagnostic assessments on 119 children between 9 and 13 years of age with special educational needs with and without autistic-spectrum disorders were weighted to estimate screen characteristics for a realistic target population.ResultsThe SCQ performed best (area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC)=0.90; sensitivity 0.86; specificity 0.78). The SRS had a lower AUC (0.77) with high sensitivity (0.78) and moderate specificity (0.67). The CCC had a high sensitivity but lower specificity (AUC=0.79; sensitivity 0.93; specificity 0.46). The AUC of the SRS and CCC was lower for children with IQ < 70. Behaviour problems reduced specificity for all three instruments.ConclusionsThe SCQ, SRS and CCC showe...
Diagnosing autism: analyses of data from the Autism Diagnostic Interview
Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 1997
Results from ROC curves of items from two scales, the Autism Diagnostic Interview (ADI) and Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R), operationalizing DSM-IV criteria for autism are presented for 319 autistic and 113 other subjects from 8 international autism centers. Analyses indicate that multiple items were necessary to attain adequate sensitivity and specificity if samples with varying levels of language were considered separately. Although considering only current behavior was generally sufficient when a combination cutoff and additive model was employed, predictive power was highest when history was taken into account. A single set of criteria, as operationalized by individually structured questions in the ADI/ADI-R, was effective in differentiating autism from mental handicap and language impairment in subjects with a range of chronological ages and developmental levels.
Agreement Between a Brief Autism Observational Instrument and Established ASD Measures
The Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist, 2016
Objective: Limited time and resources necessitate the availability of accurate, inexpensive and rapid diagnostic aids for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The Autistic Behavioural Indicators Instrument (ABII) was developed for this purpose, but its psychometric properties have not yet been fully established. Method: The clinician-rated ABII, the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS), the Childhood Autism Rating Scale – Second Edition, Standard Version (CARS2-ST), and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) diagnostic criteria were individually administered to children with an independent paediatrician DSM-IV-TR or DSM-5 autism spectrum diagnosis, aged 2-6 years (n = 51, Mchild age = 3.6 years). The agreement between each of the measures on autism diagnostic classification was calculated and compared, and the intercorrelation between the instruments examined. Results: There was significant moderate agreement for the classification of autism between the AB...
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2020
Although 70% of autistic children and young people meet criteria for co-occurring psychiatric conditions, there are few screening measures specifically for autistic individuals. We describe the development and validation of the Assessment of Concerning Behavior (ACB), an instrument co-developed with the autistic community to assess mental health and problematic/risky behaviors. Items include descriptions to facilitate symptom recognition by autistic people, and carers/professionals. The ACB was completed by 255 parents, 149 autistic children and young people and 30 teachers. Internal consistency, stability and validity was assessed. The ACB parent-version fit a two-factor model (internalizing and externalizing problems) and showed adequate test-retest reliability, internal consistency and construct validity. The ACB is a promising new measure for research and clinical use in autism.
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2011
The Ritvo Autism Asperger Diagnostic Scale-Revised (RAADS-R) is a valid and reliable instrument to assist the diagnosis of adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). The 80-question scale was administered to 779 subjects (201 ASD and 578 comparisons). All ASD subjects met inclusion criteria: DSM-IV-TR, ADI/ADOS diagnoses and standardized IQ testing. Mean scores for each of the questions and total mean ASD vs. the comparison groups' scores were significantly different (p \ .0001). Concurrent validity with Constantino Social Responsiveness Scale-Adult = 95.59%. Sensitivity = 97%, specificity = 100%, test-retest reliability r = .987. Cronbach alpha coefficients for the subscales and 4 derived factors were good. We conclude that the RAADS-R is a useful adjunct diagnostic tool for adults with ASD.
BMJ open, 2016
Co-occurring psychiatric conditions and concerning behaviours are prevalent in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and are likely to be detrimental to functioning and long-term outcomes. The cognitive rigidity and deficits in emotional literacy and verbal behaviour that commonly occur in ASD can adversely affect clinicians' confidence to identify concerning behaviours and mental health problems. There is a need to develop a measure that is tailored towards individuals with ASD, and differentiates between symptoms of psychopathology and core ASD symptoms. Furthermore, it should be modified to capture internalising symptoms that individuals with ASD may find difficult or be unable to verbalise. This protocol describes the intended development and validation of the Assessment of Concerning Behaviour (ACB) scale. The ACB will aim to be a multidimensional measure of concerning behaviours in ASD incorporating self-report, parent/carer, teacher/employer and clinician repo...
Domains of the childhood autism rating scale: Relevance for diagnosis and treatment
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1994
The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) was factor analyzed. Three factors emerged: Social Impairment (SI), Negative Emotionality (NE), and Distorted Sensory Response (DSR). Unit-weight factor scales showed moderateto-good internal consistency. Cross-sectional analyses demonstrated that autistic (A UT) subjects were distinguished from subjects with pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) and nonpervasive developmental disorders (NPDD) by higher scores on SI. An SI cutoff score of 26 classified individuals as autistic vs. nonautistic with 78% accuracy. Longitudinal analyses showed that DSR was stable over 6 months of treatment, with little indication of symptom reduction. SI decreased over time across the diagnostic groups, but still showed significant continuity over the period_ NE was most malleable and apparently sensitive to the effects of treatment.
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2011
Research indicates that autism is the extreme end of a continuously distributed trait. The Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and the Social and Communication Disorders Checklist (SCDC) aim to assess autistic traits. The objective of this study was to compare their clinical validity. The SRS showed sensitivities of .74 to .80 and specificities of .69 to 1.00 for autism. Sensitivities were .85 to .90 and specificities .28 to.82 for the SCDC. Correlations with the ADI-R, ADOS and SCQ were higher for the SRS than for the SCDC. The SCDC seems superior to the SRS to screen for unspecific social and communicative deficits including autism. The SRS appears more suitable than the SCDC in clinical settings and for specific autism screening.