Routing protocols for Wireless Mesh Networks: A comparative study (original) (raw)

Study of Routing Protocols in Wireless Mesh Networks

Today the growing interest in Internet, Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) plays important roles towards the next-generation wireless networking called 4G. It is a key technology to support wireless multi-hop networks. Wireless Mesh Network is a combination of mobile ad hoc and conventional networks. In contrast to conventional networks, Wireless Mesh Network has no fixed configuration. Wireless Mesh Networks is configured using mesh routers and mesh clients.WMN significantly improved of performance of Wireless Ad hoc and traditional networks. Due to dynamic routing nature of WMNs, the optimization of routing protocol is most critical task. In this study we discuss various existing routing protocols and issues related to routing in WMN.

Comparative Analysis of Ad Hoc Routing Protocols in Wireless Mesh Network Environment

2014

Wireless Mesh Networks is one of the most promising wireless technologies of the future. Its tolerance factor against the network failures, convenience of set-up and manageability are one of its major advantages. Though WMNs are very similar to ad hoc wireless networks, the architecture and protocols designed for ad hoc networks perform very poor when applied in WMNs. The reason of their poor performance is that the ad hoc networks are designed for high mobility while the WMNs are designed for either a static or limited mobility. WMNs are usually rich in resources contrasting ad hoc wireless networks. One of the major issues in WMNs is the resource management that plays an important role in any network's performance. The research has mainly focused on the evaluation of routing protocols to be used in WMNs. Performance metrics that are used for analysis and study are throughput, delays and network load as these are crucial for providing guaranteed End-to-End Quality of Service (Q...

Contemplation of various routing protocols for wireless mesh networks

International Journal of Latest Trends in Engineering and Technology, 2017

I. INTRODUCTION The wireless mesh network is the combination of adhoc networks and it contains mesh portals which increase its coverage area [1].Wireless mesh networks are more advantageous than other wireless networks; these networks consists of easy deployment, greater reliability, self-configuration, self-healing and scalability. Basically two types of nodes are present in Wireless Mesh Networks and these nodes are: Mesh routers and Mesh clients. Mesh routers are not mobile so they perform specific functions to support mesh networking. Mesh routers act as backbone for clients. Mesh routers have different wireless interfaces which can be implemented on either the same or different wireless access technologies. Mesh clients [2] have additional functions for mesh networking and can also work as routers. Mesh client has only one interface. Mesh clients have a higher variety of devices compared to mesh routers. Routing plays an important role to forward data packet from source to destination node. The Wireless Mesh routing protocols are categorized in three different protocols and these are proactive routing, reactive routing and hybrid routing protocols. In proactive routing protocols all the paths are created between source node and destination node, whether there is a need to transmit data or not. This type of routing protocols is also called table-driven methods. By Continuous evaluation of routes, routing information is updated by maintaining consistency. The main benefit of proactive routing protocols [3] is that nodes can quickly access route information and path is established. In reactive routing protocols [3] on demand establishment of paths is created. These reactive methods are also called ondemand methods. When the source node required transferring data to a destination node initialization of route discovery process takes place. The discovery process terminates either when a route has been found or not. Hybrid routing protocols are the combination of merits of proactive and reactive routing protocols by overpowering their demerits by discovering efficient routes, without having large number of control overheads. It establish diverse routing protocol in different part of the infrastructure of WMNs i.e. reactive protocols for the ad hoc network area while proactive protocols are employed in wireless backbone [5]. Routing plays an important factor to forward the data packet from source node to destination node. To provide efficient performance, routing metrics must satisfy basic requirements these are scalability, reliability, flexibility, throughput, load balancing, congestion control and efficiency. II. LITERATURE REVIEW Seongkwan Kim, (2009) proposed the technique which is based on an offline routing scheme [12] by comparing its end-toend link quality metrics (ETX and ETT) and throughput performance. Various modifications are also made in routing protocols (AODV, OLSR and HWMP) so that they operate better in wireless mesh environment. Author also provide a synthetic view of the performance dynamics of wireless mesh networks and the components that impact the performance, each of which cannot give the complete analysis for the network behavior by itself. K.P. Vijayakumar, (2012) proposed the technique which is based on the theoretical details of variety of routing protocols that are proactive routing, reactive routing and hybrid routing. These protocols are used in wireless mesh networks and are used to identify the performance of these routing protocols [13]. The performance is done with respect to load balancing, packet delivery ratio, congestion network overhead, throughput and mobility of nodes.

Performance Evaluation of Routing Protocols in Wireless Mesh Networks

2013

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are the set of wireless nodes that can communicate with each other and forwarding each other’s packets. WMNs are multi-hop networks consisting of routers, gateways and mobile nodes. WMNs act as a key technology for next generation WMNs. Because of their low cost and relative ease of deployment, they are an attractive paradigm and are advantageous to other wireless networks. The aim of WMNs is to guarantee connectivity. WMNs build a multihop wireless backbone to interconnect isolated Local Area Networks and to extend backhaul access to users not within range of typical access points. This research has carried out current/existing literature in WMNs. It has analysed routing protocols such as AODV, DSR, GRP, OLSR and TORA used in WMNs where AODV and DSR are reactive routing protocols, OLSR and GRP are proactive routing protocols and TORA is a hybrid routing protocol. The routing protocols have been analysed with the performance metrics of throughput and de...

ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN WIRELESS MESH NETWORKS -A COMPARISON AND CLASSIFICATION

Wireless Mesh Networks can give an answer for many open issues in the field of wireless networks. For WMN to be effective enough, it is required for a chosen routing protocol based on routing metrics that fits application needs to be used properly. Until now, many different routing protocols have been proposed. All of them have their own characteristics and there is no easy way to make any reliable comparison. The proposed paper presents a review of the current state-of-the-art WMN routing protocols and metrics. The paper also includes an evaluation of properties and proposed classification of WMN routing protocols. Furthermore authors attempted to make a comparison of different features of selected routing metrics and characteristics of selected routing protocols.

A Throughput Optimizing Routing Protocol for Wireless Mesh Networks

Proceedings of the 12th IEEE International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications, pp. 665- 670, Melbourne, Australia, September 1 - 3, 2010, 2010

Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) have emerged as a key technology for next generation wireless networks showing rapid progress and inspiring numerous applications. The persistence driving force in the development of WMNs comes from their envisioned advantages including extended coverage, robustness, self-configuration, easy maintenance, and low cost. However, to support real-time applications, WMNs must be equipped with a robust, reliable and efficient routing protocol so that packets can be routed through them with minimum delay. In this paper, we identify some critical factors in designing a routing protocol for WMNs, and propose an efficient and reliable routing protocol. The protocol is based on a reliable estimation of wireless link quality and the available bandwidth on a routing path. It also minimizes control overhead by effectively controlling broadcast messages in the network. Simulations carried out on the protocol demonstrate that it is more efficient than some of the current routing protocols.

Analysis of Performance Evaluation in Routing Protocols of Wireless Mesh Networks

2013

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are the set of wireless nodes that can communicate with each other and forwarding each other's packets. WMNs are multi-hop networks consisting of routers, gateways and mobile nodes, they aim at guarantee connectivity. They act as a key technology for next generation WMNs due to their low cost and relative ease of deployment they are an attractive paradigm and are advantageous to other wireless networks. WMNs build a multi-hop wireless backbone to interconnect isolated Local Area Networks and to extend backhaul access to users not within range of typical access points. This paper analysed routing protocol such as Ad hoc on Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), GRP-Geographic routing protocol, Temporary Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA), and Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) used in WMN where AODV and DSR are reactive routing protocol, OLSR and GRP are proactive routing protocol and TORA is a hybrid routing protocol. The routing protocol have been analysed with the performance metrics of throughput and delay under the simulation of ftp traffic and database traffic. With OPNET simulator, the results shows that in terms of ftp traffic load, TORA has very long delay. For throughput, OLSR outperforms the other routing protocols. Under database traffic load, OLSR has long delay and for throughput, DSR and TORA have high throughput.

Challenges and Evaluation of the State of the Art Routing Protocols for Wireless Mesh Networks

2009 Symposia and Workshops on Ubiquitous, Autonomic and Trusted Computing, 2009

Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) comprise of mobile and static nodes which communicate wirelessly. WMNs have several unique features such as selforganizing, self-configuring and self-healing and are being used in many applications such as metropolitan area networks and disaster and rescue operations etc. Routing in WMNs is challenging as the network topology and connectivity in WMN are very dynamic due to unpredictable node mobility, interference, distributed wireless channel access and limited battery power of mobile devices in WMNs. This paper describes the challenges and the state of the art in provisioning of Routing over WMNs.

A STUDY OF DIFFERENT LAYERS AND ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN WIRELESS MESH NETWORKS

In this paper we study the different layers and routing protocols in wireless mesh network.Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) consist of mesh routers and mesh clients, where mesh routers have minimal mobility and form the backbone of WMNs. They provide network access for both mesh and conventional clients. The integration of WMNs with other networks such as the Internet, cellular, IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.15, IEEE 802.16, sensor networks, etc., can be accomplished through the gateway and bridging functions in the mesh routers. Mesh clients can be either stationary or mobile, and can form a client mesh network among themselves and with mesh routers. WMNs are anticipated to resolve the limitations and to significantly improve the performance of ad hoc networks, wireless local area networks (WLANs), wireless personal area networks (WPANs), and wireless metropolitan area networks (WMANs). They are undergoing rapid progress and inspiring numerous deployments. WMNs will deliver wireless services for a large variety of applications in personal, local, campus, and metropolitan areas. In this paper we present the different layers and protocols of wireless mesh networks i.e. physical layer, MAC layer, network layer, transport layer and application layer. In this paper we also discuss about the protocols for network management.

Design and Analysis of a Novel Hybrid Wireless Mesh Network Routing Protocol

International Journal of Adaptive, Resilient and Autonomic Systems, 2014

Wireless mesh network (WMN) operates both in infrastructure and ad-hoc mode. It provides extended network coverage based on heterogeneous wireless technologies through multi-hop communications. In WMNs, the routing mechanisms and network organization need to be improved so that optimal path discovery or different protocols adaptability can be achieved. Hybrid routing is a demanding issue to be discussed these days as need of higher mobility management in the diverse situations and environments. It's required to improve the older schemes for higher data rate and minimum energy consumptions. The proposed work presents a design of a novel routing algorithm for optimal route discovery, congestion reduction, dynamic route selection and scalability in hybrid mesh networks. The authors have focused on Hybrid Routing Protocols to originate a novel routing scheme based on AODV (Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector routing protocol) in Ad-Hoc level with clustering scheme and DSDV (Destination...