REVIEW ARTICLE The Epidemic of Metabolic Syndrome: Health Promotion Strategies (original) (raw)
Related papers
Metabolic Syndrome - Theory and Practice
Materia Socio Medica, 2016
Introduction: Due to sedentary lifestyles and excessive calorie intake, metabolic syndrome is becoming increasingly common health problem in the world, as well as in our country, and it is estimated to occur in 30% of the population of middle and older age. The metabolic syndrome is a combination of disorders that include: obesity, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, impaired regulation of body fat and high blood pressure. Complications resulting from metabolic syndrome significantly reduces quality of patient's life and represents a huge socioeconomic burden. Metabolic syndrome therapy is directed to reduce all risk factors, and that means the change of lifestyle, which includes a reduction of body weight, physical activity, antiatherogenic diet and smoking cessation. Medical therapy is aimed to the individual risk factors. Case report: In case of our patient, despite the optimal standard therapy, including drugs for the regulation of LDL and HDL cholesterol and triglycerides, an intensive control of blood pressure and glucose, failure to implement the recommended treatment led to a myocardial infarction. Conclusion: The fundamental problem is not the lack of efficacy of available therapeutic measures, medications and procedures, but in insufficient implementation.
Revista medico-chirurgicala a Societatii de Medici si Naturalisti din Iasi, 2014
Metabolic syndrome diagnostic criteria include at least three of five of the following medical conditions: abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, abnormal high fasting plasma glucose, elevated serum triglycerides and low HDL (high-density cholesterol) level. Sedentary, overweight and obesity are characteristically associated with the syndrome, nevertheless there are new studies which indicate that chronic stress, through deregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is also involved in the development of the syndrome. Metabolic syndrome represents a significant risk for the development of the cardiovascular diseases. New studies in the USA have estimated its prevalence at approximately 34% of the adult population and its prevalence is increasing with age. Diagnosis guidelines are establishing the metabolic syndrome diagnostic when are met three of the following five conditions: fasting glucose > or = 100 mg/dL or type 2 diabetes receiving drug therapy for hypergl...
Metabolic Syndrome: Consensus and Controversy: State of the Art
Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, 2015
Metabolic syndrome is an epidemic that affects more and more people, increasing the probability of suffering metabolic and cardiovascular diseases in the short, medium or long term depending on the severity. The purpose of this article is to review the metabolic syndrome, assessing consensus, controversy and prevalence. The methodology was the preparation of a literature review on various health care databases, which were from 43 articles published from 2010 to 2015, in the general population. SM rate ranges from 0% to 90% depending on genders, ages and regions. There is still lack of consensus on cutoffs of diagnostic criteria. Thus, it is concluded that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome is being increased, urging the need for early diagnosis and treatment to promote the health of the global population.
Factors Contributing in Incidence and Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome: Updated Mini Review
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International
It has been well-established that obesity is the major contributing factor forthe development of metabolic syndrome (MetS), diabetes, cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancer. According to WHO, 44% increase of diabetes, 23% increase of ischaemic heart disease, and between 7% and 41% increase of certain cancer are due to obesity. The Middle East region is reported to have the highest prevalence of diabetes in adults in the world. In Saudi Arabia, over 35% of the population are obese, and it is estimated that 24% of adult has diabetes including undiagnosed diabetes cases. Obesity and chronic metabolic disease associated obesity impose the heavy financial burden on national healthcare in the Gulf countries as they do in most countries worldwide. Biochemical markers for MetS included changes in trace elements, vitamin D,hormonal (adipokines, leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin), inflammatory mediators (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10), biochemical markers (Ox-LDL, uric acid) and prothrombic fact...
The metabolic syndrome: diagnosis and treatment
Clinical cornerstone, 2004
The metabolic syndrome is a clustering of risk factors that, in the aggregate, sharply increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The syndrome is characterized by abdominal obesity, a characteristic atherogenic dyslipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance with or without hyperglycemia, a prothrombotic state, and a proinflammatory state. CVD is the most important clinical sequela of the metabolic syndrome. The syndrome also carries a greatly increased risk for development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, which in turn increases cardiovascular risk even further. Conventional risk formulas may underestimate actual CVD risk in metabolic syndrome patients because of their concentration of nontraditional risk factors. Management of the metabolic syndrome should focus on weight loss, increased physical activity, and improvement of atherogenic diet. Pharmacologic therapy for lipids and blood pressure will be needed in most cases. The atherogenic dyslipidemia includes high triglyceride...
Metabolic syndrome — a new definition and management guidelines
Arterial Hypertension
This article is available in open access under Creative Common Attribution-Non-Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license, allowing to download articles and share them with others as long as they credit the authors and the publisher, but without permission to change them in any way or use them commercially Metabolic syndrome-a new definition and management guidelines The joint position paper by Polish Society of Hypertension, Polish Society for the
Metabolic Syndrome: A Rising Epidemic: Comprehensive Review
International Journal of Research in Ayurveda & Pharmacy, 2017
Metabolic syndrome also known as Insulin resistance syndrome is defined as a cluster of several cardiovascular and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus risk factors including insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidemia and hypertension. Contributing factors for the features of metabolic syndrome can be hereditary or environmental. Thus it is a multifactorial condition with an alarming rate of prevalence having effect upon health and quality of life of patients. This review aims to focus on prevalence, pathophysiology, biochemical changes and possible therapies in the management of metabolic syndrome. Lifestyle modifications with specific recommendations on diet and exercise remains the initial intervention of choice for metabolic syndrome followed by surgical therapies but which face severe drawbacks. Being a collection of various conditions, allopathic management of metabolic syndrome involves combinational treatment than individual therapy of each condition.
Circulation, 2009
A cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus, which occur together more often than by chance alone, have become known as the metabolic syndrome. The risk factors include raised blood pressure, dyslipidemia (raised triglycerides and lowered high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), raised fasting glucose, and central obesity. Various diagnostic criteria have been proposed by different organizations over the past decade. Most recently, these have come from the International Diabetes Federation and the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. The main difference concerns the measure for central obesity, with this being an obligatory component in the International Diabetes Federation definition, lower than in the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute criteria, and ethnic specific. The present article represents the outcome of a meeting between several major organizations in an attempt to unify criteria. It was agreed that there should not be an obligatory component, but that waist measurement would continue to be a useful preliminary screening tool. Three abnormal findings out of 5 would qualify a person for the metabolic syndrome. A single set of cut points would be used for all components except waist circumference, for which further work is required. In the interim, national or regional cut points for waist circumference can be used.
Metabolic syndrome, or What you will: definitions and epidemiology
Diabetes & vascular disease research : official journal of the International Society of Diabetes and Vascular Disease, 2007
The ‘metabolic syndrome’ is a clustering of risk factors which predispose an individual to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. There is general consensus regarding the main components of the syndrome (glucose intolerance, obesity, raised blood pressure and dyslipidaemia [elevated triglycerides, low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol]) but different definitions require different cut points and have different mandatory inclusion criteria. Although insulin resistance is considered a major pathological influence, only the World Health Organization (WHO) and European Group for the study of Insulin Resistance (EGIR) definitions include it amongst the diagnostic criteria and only the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definition has waist circumference as a mandatory component. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome within individual cohorts varies with the definition used. Within each definition, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome increases with age and varies with ge...