Chylothorax associated with thrombosis of the cranial vena cava (original) (raw)
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Erciyes Medical Journal, 2022
Background: Infection and vascular occlusion are common catheter-related complications in patients with central venous catheters. Case Report: A hemodialysis patient presented at the emergency department with frequent shortness of breath. Diffuse pleural fluid was observed on the right side in a computerized tomography image of the chest. Thoracentesis was performed, a chest tube was inserted to treat chylothorax, and a triglyceride diet was administered. On the 13 th day of hospitalization, the chest tube was removed and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery was performed with successful results. Conclusion: Chylothorax should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of hemodialysis patients with hypervolemia symptoms. Thoracentesis can aid in the diagnosis.
Clinical findings and diagnosis of thrombosis of the caudal vena cava in cattle
This paper describes the causes, clinical findings and diagnosis of caudal vena caval thrombosis in cattle. Occlusion of the vein is caused by a 'white' thrombus, and typical clinical signs include chronic weight loss, poor general condition and intermittent fever. Most affected cattle have respiratory signs; in some, pulmonary haemorrhage, ascites and sudden death occur. Haematological analyses, endoscopy of the respiratory tract and ultrasonographic examination of the pleura, liver and abdomen should be carried out in cattle suspected of having thrombosis of the caudal vena cava. The most important diagnostic finding is dilatation of the caudal vena cava seen via ultrasonography. Normally, the caudal vena cava appears triangular in cross section but in cattle with thrombosis it is oval or circular. The prognosis is poor and there is no treatment.
Spontaneous bilateral chylothorax in both vena cava thrombosis; cisterna chyli ligation
International Surgery Journal
Chilothorax, a rare clinical condition characterized by high triglyceride white fluid in the thoracic cavity; when the literature is examined, it is seen because of trauma, malignancy, complication of surgery, and rarely central catheter-related thromboplasty. In the treatment, diet change, nutrition, drainage with tube thoracostomy, conservative method, surgical procedure with thoracotomy are applied.In our case there was no response to nutritional changes, drainage, thoracotomy and somatostatin treatments. Cisterna chyli ligation was performed with laparotomy. We present a case of spontaneous bilateral chylothorax associated with superior and inferior vena cava thrombosis (without central catheter relationship).
Thoracic duct ligation as treatment of chylothorax due to vena cava superior thrombosis
Acta clinica Belgica
Thrombosis is a well known complication of subclavian vein catheterization. As collateral circulation develops, consequences are usually limited to the fact that this vein is no longer usable as an access route. However, one of the possible complications of a superior vena cava thrombosis is the development of a chylothorax. We describe an infant developing a chylothorax caused by a SVC thrombosis after subclavian vein catheterization for parenteral nutrition. The chylothorax did not resolve following conservative management, but was successfully treated by surgical ligation of the thoracic duct.
Percutaneous Cava Stenting in a Dog with Symptomatic Azygos Continuation of the Caudal Vena Cava
Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine, 2020
This report describes the successful placement of a nitinol stent within the azygos continuation of the caudal vena cava in a 2-year-old, neutered female, English Bulldog with clinical and imaging signs related to venous return chronic obstruction, renal venous thrombi, and chronic renal insufficiency. This noninvasive, interventional radiology procedure was safe and clinically effective for the patient. The clinical signs were rapidly eliminated, and three years later, the patient is still in good clinical condition, with normal renal function. Venous stenting appears to be a useful, new, minimally invasive treatment option for symptomatic cavo-azygos vascular connection.
The Annals of thoracic surgery, 2015
Thrombosis and occlusion of the superior vena cava (SVC) can cause massive chylothorax resulting in significant morbidity and mortality among young infants. Medical therapy is often unsuccessful. We report a new surgical technique that entails open thrombectomy and reconstruction of the SVC and innominate vein to treat this condition. The charts of 4 consecutive infants with chylothoraces refractory to conservative management were reviewed. The operations were performed on cardiopulmonary bypass without myocardial arrest. The SVC and innominate veins were incised open, and thrombectomy was performed. This was followed by homograft patch reconstruction of both the veins. The infants were aged between 5 weeks to 4 months and had an average weight of 4 kg. All of them had hypoalbuminemia and evidence of hypercoagulable state. After surgical intervention, 3 had complete relief of SVC obstruction. Two of the 3 patients had complete resolution of chylous effusion, and the third patient ha...
Veterinary Surgery, 1982
B inferior vena caval injury in people'j2 and, as far as can be determined, has not been reported in the dog. Human caval injuries are associated with a high mortality and late complications are rare.2,3 The case reported here is unique because the dog developed signs attributable to hepatic venous outflow obstruction several weeks after a motor vehicle accident and was subsequently found to have an injury of the caudal vena cava (CVC) which required surgical correction. Case Report History A 2-year-old male Labrador retriever was seen by the referring veterinarian because of exercise intolerance and enlargement of the abdomen, which developed shortly after it was struck by a car. The dog had ascites which subsided with cage rest but reappeared on resumption of normal activity. A blood chemistry profile was normal. A Knott's test and an occult heartworm test were negative, Thoracic radiographs were normal. Clinicul Course On examination, the dog was normal except for slight abdominal distention. A complete blood count and a blood chemistry profile which included, glucose, urea nitrogen, total and direct bilirubin, total serum protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, inorganic phosphorus, calcium, chloride, sodium, potassium and total COz, and a urine analysis were normal. Knott's test and an occult heartworm test were negative. Abdominocentesis obtained a mod-* Diplomate, American College of Veterinary Surgeons.
Thromboembolic Conditions, Aetiology Diagnosis and Treatment in Dogs and Cats
Acta Veterinaria Brno, 2010
In veterinary medicine, thrombo-embolism (TE) is an under-appreciated medical condition that requires immediate recognition. Since TE is multifactorial and its mode of presentation may vary, veterinarians face great difficulties in making a definitive diagnosis in a timely manner. In addition, most of the underlying conditions that give rise to TE are life-threatening and an aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic approach is required. Not only does the diagnosis and treatment of this condition require the collaboration of many specialties, the costs of therapy can be excessive with a high risk of recurrence. As such, owners have to be thoroughly informed before the therapy commences. While TE has been well-characterized in humans and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, little information of similar quality is available in veterinary medicine. In addition, TE in animals is distinct from its human counterpart and we cannot simply adapt what is known from human clinical trials. With the promise of improvements in imaging modalities that improve our diagnostic capabilities, the window of opportunity to treat TE increases. This article focuses on aetiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of dogs and cats affected by TE.