Alveolar echinococcosis in an Ontario dog resembling an hepatic abscess (original) (raw)
Related papers
Surgical and chemotherapeutic treatment of alveolar echinococcosis in a dog
Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association, 1998
Surgical removal of macroscopically detectable metacestode tissue followed by postoperative chemotherapy according to established human protocols resulted in complete clinical remission and immediate normalization of hyperglobulinemia in a dog with alveolar echinococcosis (AE). The disease is caused by the metacestode stage of the cestode, Echinococcus multilocularis. In endemic areas, AE should be included in the differential diagnosis of polycystic liver masses, especially if concomitant hyperglobulinemia is present. However, the importance of AE is not only the disease of the single dog itself but also the potential risk of infection for humans in an endemic area.
Canine Alveolar Echinococcosis: An Emerging and Costly Introduced Problem in North America
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases
Alveolar echinococcosis (AE), caused by the metacestode of Echinococcus multilocularis, is emerging in both dogs and people in North America. Here, we review 27 cases of canine AE opportunistically reported since the index case was described in 2009 in Western Canada. We describe clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, outcome, and source of canine infection, based on genetics of the parasite isolated from some canine cases. Diagnosis of AE was by histopathology and/or PCR on DNA extracted from metacestodes. The median age of dogs at diagnosis was 4 years (range 1–12), which is low compared to neoplasia, the most common differential diagnosis. There was no sex predilection and different breeds were involved, but there were a disproportionate number of boxers and beagles relative to their representation in the general canine population. The most common potential risk factors included contact with wildlife and visits to off leash areas. Abdominal distension was the most common cl...
Serological diagnosis of canine alveolar echinococcosis
Veterinary Parasitology, 2006
Canine alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a rare liver disease caused by the larval stage (metacestode) of E. multilocularis. Its diagnosis so far is rather difficult and invasive. Imaging techniques for the diagnosis have been described recently and in this study, the serological diagnosis of canine AE was evaluated in 30 dogs with confirmed AE using ELISA based on seven different antigens (E. multilocularis-antigens: Em2G11, EmII/3-10, protoscolex (EmP), excretory/secretory and adult integument (EmAd/I); E. granulosus antigens: hydatid fluid (EgHF) and antigen B (EgAgB)) and by the detection of circulating Em2G11-antigen. EmII/3-10 and Em2G11-based tests detected AE in 50 and 53%. The combined serological investigation for specific circulating Em2G11antigen and specific antibodies against this antigen showed a sensitivity of 77%. This strategy is useful in animals with large parasite masses and ascites. The highest sensitivities for AE were obtained by the EmAd/I and the EmP antigens (97 and 93% sensitivity) with high specificities in the control group of 76 dogs (100 and 98.7%, respectively). Heterologous E. granulosus antigens (EgHF and EgAgB) showed low sensitivities (43 and 50%, respectively) with high numbers of unspecific reactions (>16%) in the control group. In the follow-up of four dogs, the serological reaction patterns against the antigens Em2G11, EmP and EmAd/I showed some correlations with the development of the parasite mass. Intestinal infections cannot be differentiated from AE by most antigens (except EmII/3-10) and have to be excluded by the absence of coproantigens or DNA of E. multilocularis in faecal samples. # d Non-endemic area for E. multilocularis.
Hepatic alveolar hydatid disease (Echinococcus multilocularis) in a boxer dog from southern Ontario
The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue vétérinaire canadienne, 2014
A 2-year-old boxer dog from southern Ontario was evaluated because of acute onset lethargy. Exploratory laparotomy revealed a hemorrhagic, destructive, liver mass. Histology, immunohistochemistry, and polymerase chain reaction confirmed Echinococcus multilocularis as the cause of the hepatic mass. This constitutes the first description of endemic E. multilocularis in Ontario.
Alveolar echinococcosis of the liver: a single center experience
Polish Archives of Internal Medicine, 2012
INTROduCTION In humans, alveolar echinococcosis (AE) of the liver is caused by canine tapeworm called Echinococcus multilocularis. The disease is most prevalent in the northern hemisphere and in the eastern part of Turkey. ObjECTIvEs The aim of the study was to review the natural history of AE and its clinical and radiological features. PATIENTs ANd mEThOds The retrospective study involved 23 patients (10 men, 13 women), aged 34-75 years with AE who had been referred to our liver disease clinic in the past 4 years. Only patients with pathologically proven AE were included in the study. The sociodemographic, clinical, and radiological features of AE were also evaluated. REsuLTs The main laboratory characteristics of AE included mild eosinophilic leukocytosis with hypergammaglobulinemia, elevated C-reactive protein levels, near-normal liver transaminases, and increased levels of cholestatic enzymes and immunoglobulin E. Eight patients (35%) had hepatitis B e antigen-negative hepatitis B infection. Budd-Chiari syndrome was identified in 3 of 23 patients (13%). Eighty-three percent of the patients had a seropositive test result for AE, and approximately one-third of the patients had distant metastasis. Surgical treatment was administered in 4 patients. Four patients died due to complications during follow-up. CONCLusIONs Patients with AE have numerous complications and advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. The clinical picture of AE comprises a number of hepatic and extrahepatic disturbances related both to destructive and mass effects of the tapeworm.
Disseminated Alveolar Echinococcosis
Albanian Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, 2021
Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is caused by the larval form of the tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis. In humans, E. alveolaris metacestode cells proliferate in the liver inducing a hepatic disorder that mimics liver cancer and can spread to other organs. From 1960 to 1972 mortality was at 70% and 94% after 5 and 10 years of follow-up, respectively. Since then, studies have shown an increasing trend towards improving survival rates [1]. As AE is also spreading to new areas of Eastern Europe, researchers seek to better understand the clinical presentation of pathology, including asymptomatic forms. Clinical case; One 36-year-old woman from Peshkopia has been admitted to the Gastrohephatology department on 20.07.2011 with fatigue, anorexia, dull pain in right hypochondrium, mild epigastric pain, bloating, and weight loss. The epidemiological anamnesis showed that the patient lived in the village and had pets. On physical examination, the patient appeared severely ill with jaundice, ma...
2018
Echinococcosis also known as Hydatidosis or Hydatid Disease is a major human and veterinary concern. It is endemic in many parts of the world and is caused by infestation with the larval/meta-cestode stage of organisms belonging to genus Echinococcus. It is among the most dangerous zoonoses known. Transmission of AE to humans is by consumption of parasite eggs excreted with faeces of definitive hosts, foxes and dogs.Liver is the most common organ involved but the disease can also disseminate to other organs like lung, long bones and brain. Although AE is geographically confined to the northern hemisphere, but globalization and urbanization resulting in major population shifts has made it necessary for all global health care providers to have knowledge about this disease. This disease is now increasingly being reported from previously unaffected areas. Associated morbidity, treatment related costs and DALY’s ( Disease Adjusted Life Years) are high. The incidence of Cystic Echinococco...
Intense Focus of Alveolar Echinococcosis, South Kyrgyzstan
Emerging Infectious Diseases
Human alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a highly pathogenic zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus multilocularis. An ultrasound study in southern Kyrgyzstan during 2012 revealed a prevalence of 4.2% probable or confirmed AE and an additional 2.2% possible AE, representing an emerging situation. The risk for probable or confirmed AE was significantly higher in dog owners.
Echinococcus granulosus in dogs
2000
The problem of diagnos ing Echi nococcus granulosus in dogs has stili only been parti ally resolv ed, even after the advent of bio technol ogy. The eggs of ta eniid Cestoda are extremely simila r, and thus identification by micr oscopic exam in ation of the faeces is ri sky and non-s pecifico For this reaso n, Echi nococcus
Hepatic alveolar echinococcosis: clinical report from an endemic region
PubMed, 2002
Objective: To review the clinical management of alveolar echinococcosis. Design: A retrospective analysis. Setting: A university-affiliated hospital in Turkey. Patients: Forty patients treated for alveolar echinococcosis between 1987 and 2000. Interventions: Curative resection followed by chemotherapy, or medical palliation with chemotherapy only. Palliative procedures such as bilioenteric or external drainage were done for cholestatic jaundice and liver abscess. Outcome measures: Results of medical and surgical treatment. Results: Seventeen patients had a resectable tumour and all underwent curative resection. Of the other 23 patients with nonresectable tumour, 11 underwent palliative surgical procedures such as bilioenteric or external drainage for cholestatic jaundice or liver abscess. All patients received long-term albendazole therapy. Four patients with nonresectable tumour died because of chronic liver failure. In a 6.5-year follow-up, there was no recurrence in patients who underwent curative resection. The efficacy of chemotherapy is limited in nonresectable disease. Conclusions: To increase the rate of early detection and curative resection, screening programs are essential. Research on new chemotherapeutic approaches should be made to improve survival in patients with nonresectable disease.