Use of termitarium soil as a viable source for biofertilizer and biocontrol (original) (raw)
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International journal of applied research, 2016
This study was conducted to isolate bacteria from garden soil from the college campus in Kalyan, Dist Thane, and evaluate their potential as biofertilizers. Seven morphologically distinguished bacterial isolates (ASH1, SOB1, SOB2, SOB3, SOB4, PS1 and PS2) were isolated. These isolates were studied for their colony characteristics and were found to be Gram negative in nature. These isolates could grow at a broad temperature range, tolerate high concentrations of salt and survive in varying pH concentrations. The isolates were checked for their ability to produce IAA, sulphate ions, organic acids, siderphores, nitrites and solubilise phosphates. Isolate SOB3 was found to produce maximum amount of IAA, nitrites and showed higher sulphate oxidising potential. These isolates if used as biofertilizers can restore the soil's natural nutrient cycle and build soil organic matter, thus providing nutrients to the
Role of Biofertilizers in Plant Growth and Soil Health
2020
Biofertilizers nowadays have been realised for shifting fortunes in agriculture. It has been proven successful technology in many developed countries while in developing countries exploitation of bioinoculants is hampered by several factors. Scientific knowledge on bioinoculants and its usage will pave way for its effective usage. At the same time overlooking the significance of ensuring and maintaining a high quality standard of the product will have negative impact. Hence a proper knowledge of bioinoculants and its functioning will pave way to tape the resources in a better way. Thus the chapter provide overview knowledge about different bacterial, fungal and algal biofertilizers, its associations with plants and transformations of nutrients in soil. Adopting a rational approach to the use and management of microbial fertilizers in sustainable agriculture thrive vast potential for the future.
Revitalizing Soil Health with Biofertilisers
2012
The use of chemical fertilizers not only depletes the natural fossil fuel reserve resources but also adds to cost of production. Economic and environmental considerations are compelling the scientists world over to find sustainable alternatives. Environmental friendly strategy for agricultural production is provided by the nature itself. Beneficial root colonizing microorganisms viz. fungi and bacteria as bio-fertilizer have tremendous scope on agricultural production. Bio-fertilizers Bio-fertilizers are the outcome of most advance microbial technology required to support, sustainable and non-polluting agriculture. Bio-fertilizers contained living microorganism when applied to seed, plant surfaces or soil they accelerate their microbial processes which augment the availability of nutrients for easy assimilation by plants. Different Types of Bio-fertilizers S. No. Groups Examples 1. Bio-fertilizer for Macro-nutrients N 2 fixing bio-fertilizers a. Free-living Azotobacter, Beijerinkia, Derxia, Nostoc, b. Symbiotic Rhizobium, Frankia, Anabaena azollae c. Associative Symbiotic Azospirillum,Gluconoacetobacter diazotrophics P solubilizing bio-fertilizers a. Bacteria Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum, Bacillus subtilis Bacillus circulans, Pseudomonas striata b. Fungi Penicillium sp, Aspergillus awamori P mobilizing bio-fertilizers a. Arbuscular mycorrhiza Glomus sp.,Gigaspora sp.,Acaulospora sp., Scutellospora sp. &Sclerocystis sp. Sulphur oxidizers Thiobocblus thioxidans 2. Bio-fertilizers for micro nutrients a. Zinc solubilizers Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Aspergillus niger b. Potassium and Silicate solubilizers Erwinia, Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp.Fracturia auerentia c. Manganese solubilizers Pencillium citrinum 3. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria a. PGPR Bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus sp. Burkholderia, Herbaspirillum Fungi Piriformospora indica 4. Bio-filmed bio-fertilizers Fungal-bacterial bio-films (FBB), fungal-rhizobial bio-films (FRB)
Role of Biofertilizers in Agriculture- a Review
2018
With the increase in population, the demand for the crop has significantly increased which has led to extensive use of inorganic fertilizers without least consideration for soil health, which is a critical factor for realizing sustainable high yield. Besides this, the residual effects of inorganic fertilizers on environment, underground water resources and soil micro-flora, is a matter of great concern. The beneficial plant microbe interactions in the rhizosphere are the primary determinants of plant health and soil fertility and improve long term sustainability of soil. The lost biological activity in the soil, due to excess use of chemical fertilizers, can be restored slowly by incorporating artificially multiplied cultures of beneficial microorganisms in the form of biofertilizers. They produce growth promoting substances and vitamins and help to maintain soil fertility and suppress the incidence of pathogen and control diseases which ultimately results in improved yield and yiel...
Biofertilizers: A Nexus between soil fertility and crop productivity under abiotic stress
Elsevier, 2021
High food demand for the world's teeming population necessitates the intensification of crop production in modern agriculture, which requires the extensive use of synthetic fertilizers for higher crop yield. The excessive use of chemical fertilizers, despite the high nutrients contents and ability to grow crops faster, discovered to be dangerous to the health and environment besides polluting the groundwater and atmosphere in the future. The alternative to these, biofertilizers arose today due to their attributes towards eco-friendly, cost-effective, and easy to apply in the agricultural field. Biofertilizers are a batch of diverse microorganisms, which can induce plant growth-promotion activities along with soil health, even under abiotic stress conditions. Biofertilizers maybe plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and as well as the consortia of other beneficial microbes. Biofertilizers can sustain plant growth performance, even in a challenging environment. The performance of perfect-candidate-biofertilizer in the agricultural field depends on crop type, properties of inoculants, technical background, and environmental condition. Biofertilizers can, directly or indirectly, help in attaining food security compared to the harmful effect of chemical fertilizers. A direct mechanism of Biofertilizers refers to phyto-stimulation and nutrient mobility, while an indirect mechanism poses bio-control activity. Direct mechanisms involve phytohormone production and phosphate, potassium, zinc, etc. solubilization. While, indirect-mechanism is HCN production, siderophore production, antibiotic production, etc. The present review elucidates the diversity of microbial inoculants (biofertilizers), their impacts on agricultural production through rising soil fertility, and overall crop yield. In line with related literature worked out by different researchers.
A Review: Vital Role of Biofertilizers in Plant Growth Enhancement and Maintenance of Soil Health
Biofertilizers are also being used to help farmers change their fortunes. In several developed countries, it has proved to be a promising technology, however in developing countries; the use of bioinoculants is limited by a number of factors. Scientific understanding of bioinoculants and their use can pave the way for their successful application. A biofertilizer is a material that includes living microorganisms that colonise the rhizosphere or the interior of the plant when added to plants, plant surfaces, or soil, and foster growth by growing the supply or availability of primary nutrients to the host plant. Biofertilizers provide nutrients to plants by natural processes such as nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, and the production of growth-promoting compounds. Biofertilizers use microorganisms to maintain the soil's natural nitrogen balance and increase soil organic matter. Good plants may be cultivated through the use of biofertilizers while still improving the soil's sustainability and protection. Biofertilizers would likely limit the usage of conventional fertilizers and chemicals, but they will not be able to completely eliminate them. Plant-growth enhancing rhizobacteria is a preferred scientific name for these helpful bacteria since they perform several functions (PGPR).
BACTERIAL BIOFERTILIZERS FOR SUSTAINABLE CROP PRODUCTION: A REVIEW
The most important constraint limiting crop yield in developing nations worldwide, and especially among resource-poor farmers, is soil infertility. Therefore, maintaining soil quality can reduce the problems of land degradation, decreasing soil fertility and rapidly declining production levels that occur in large parts of the world needing the basic principles of good farming practice. Minerals, organic components and microorganisms are three major solid components of the soil. They profoundly affect the physical, chemical, and biological properties and processes of terrestrial systems. Biofertilizer are the products containing cell of different types of beneficial microorganisms. Thus, biofertilizers can be important components of integrated nutrients management. Organisms that are commonly used as biofertilizers component are nitrogen fixers (N-fixer), solubilizer (K-solubilizer) and phosphorus solubilizer (P-solubilizer), or with the combination of molds or fungi. These potential biological fertilizers would play key role in productivity and sustainability of soil and also protect the environment as eco-friendly and cost effective inputs for the farmers. With using the biological and organic fertilizers, a low input system can be carried out and it can be help achieving sustainability of farms.
AgroLife Scientific Journal
Soil microbial community is of high importance in preserving soil functions and its ecosystem goods and services. Within field experiences, regarding agricultural sustainability and the resilience of agro-ecosystems, a study was conducted to evaluate the evolution and abundance of the soil microbial community under the influence of environmental and agro-technical factors. For this purpose, periodic determinations of the microbial community on the depth of 0-20 cm were made in the plots cultivated with wheat, maize, soybean and a mixture of perennial grasses and legumes. In the experimental field, organic fertilizer materials (manure compost in doses of 15, 30 and 60 t/ha) and synthetic fertilizers (complex fertilizer in formula 20.20.0, in doses which varied with the specific consumption of crops and the amount of manure compost) were applied. At the same time, in the laboratory, biometric determinations were made regarding the antifungal efficacy of soil microorganisms after 5 day...
Use of Biofertilizers in Agricultural Production
Intechopen, 2021
Most of agricultural production in Latin America consists of smallholder farmers who need the development of sustainable technologies, with costs according to their economic condition. Biofertilizers composed of free-living bacteria promote plant's growth, improve productivity through the strengthening of its roots, and reduce the amount of synthetic fertilizer applied to the crops. The aims of this chapter are to highlight the microorganisms commonly used in agriculture as biofertilizers and the main researches carried out in several countries of Latin America, and to describe the development of an experimental biofertilizer for maize, based on strains of Azospirillum spp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens, in the highlands (Sierra Region) of Ecuador. Seven phylum and 95 genera o microorganism used as biofertilizers or Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) are summarized, along with the benefits, challenges and future prospect of their use. The effectiveness of the experimental biofertilizer developed in Ecuador was demonstrated through several experiments at the green house and field, in which it was evident the increase of root's size, the amount of crocket, the percentage of dry matter, and the crops´ yield. The evaluations, accomplished on farmers' fields showed 30% of increase in yield and 21% of decrease in the cost of production per kilogram; as a consequence of the use of biofertilizer plus 50% of the recommended chemical fertilization, in comparison with standard farming techniques. Farmers can reduce the application of synthetic fertilizers and sustainably increase crop yield through the use of this technology.