Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) for Lung Cancers (original) (raw)

Photodynamic therapy of lung cancer, where are we?

Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2022

Lung cancer remains the leading threat of death globally, killing more people than colon, breast, and prostate cancers combined. Novel lung cancer treatments are being researched because of the ineffectiveness of conventional cancer treatments and the failure of remission. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a cancer treatment method that is still underutilized, is a sophisticated cancer treatment that shows selective destruction of malignant cells via reactive oxygen species production. PDT has been extensively studied in vitro and clinically. Various PDT strategies have been shown to be effective in the treatment of lung cancer. PDT has been shown in clinical trials to considerably enhance the quality of life and survival in individuals with incurable malignancies. Furthermore, PDT, in conjunction with the use of nanoparticles, is currently being researched for use as an effective cancer treatment, with promising results. PDT and the new avenue of nanoPDT, which are novel treatment options for lung cancer with such promising results, should be tested in clinical trials to determine their efficacy and side effects. In this review, we examine the status and future potentials of nanoPDT in lung cancer treatment.

Photodynamic Therapy of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Narrative Review and Future Directions

Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 2015

Photodynamic therapy is an established treatment modality for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Phototoxicity, the primary adverse event, is expected to be minimized with the introduction of new photosensitizers that have shown promising results in Phase I and II clinical studies. Early stage and superficial endobronchial lesions less than 1 cm in thickness can be effectively treated with external light sources. Thicker lesions and peripheral lesions may be amenable to interstitial photodynamic therapy, where the light is delivered intratumorally. The addition of photodynamic therapy to standard-of-care surgery and chemotherapy can improve survival and outcomes in patients with pleural disease. Intraoperative PDT has shown promise in the treatment of NSCLC with pleural spread. Recent preclinical and clinical data suggest that photodynamic therapy can increase anti-tumor immunity. Crosslinking of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) molecules is a reliable bio...

Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Cancer: A review

Journal of Integrative Medicine

The search for non-invasive or minimally invasive approaches for the treatment of cancer has led to the development of different therapeutic regimes and one such regime is photodynamic therapy (PDT). PDT is a non-thermal treatment based on the synergy of three elements: the administration of a photosensitizer drug; light at a precise wavelength; and the presence of oxygen. When these three components are combined, they lead to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in a complex cascade of events and subsequent cell death Studies revealed that PDT can prolong survival in patients with inoperable cancers and significantly improve the quality of life. With a number of recent technological improvements, PDT has the potential to become integrated into the mainstream strategy for cancer treatment. In this review, we have addressed the most important biological and physicochemical aspects of PDT, summarized its clinical status and provided an outlook for its potential fu...

Photodynamic Therapy in the Palliation of Late Stage Obstructing Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Chest, 1990

Photodynamic therapy selectively destroys malignant tumors by laser activation of injected hematoporphyrin derivative. Between July 1985 and January 1989, ten patients underwent 13 courses of PDT for relief of endobronchial tumor obstruction due to endstage primary non-small lung cancer. Initial biopsy specimens demonstrated squamous carcinoma in eight patients and adenocarcinoma in two. At the time of treatment, all patients were considered surgically unresectable: T4N2M 1(one), T4N2MO(one), T3N3M1(two), T3N2MO(five), and T2N1MO(one). This latter patient had exclusionary medical conditions. The average Karnofsky status was 75 (worst was 60, best was 90).

Photodynamic Therapy of Lung Cancer With Bronchial Artery Infusion of Photofrin

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, 1996

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizing Photofrin is proving to be effective for the treatment of early stage lung cancer. However, wider clinical applications of Photofrin as a photosensitizer for various cancers are hampered by potentially serious and prolonged skin photosensitivity. To prevent these side effects and reduce the hospitalization period, we recently gave reduced doses of Photofrin by bronchial arterial infusion. Five patients with endoscopically evaluated minimally invasive carcinoma of the lung were given 0.7 mg/kg of Photofrin by bronchial arterial infusion 48 hr before PDT. Complete remission was obtained in all 5 cases and no case showed skin photosensitivity when exposed to sunlight under careful surveillance at one week after PDT.

Photodynamic therapy of disseminated non-small cell lung carcinoma in a murine model

Lasers in surgery and medicine, 2011

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) of thoracic malignancies involving the pleural surfaces is an active area of clinical investigation. The present report aims to characterize a model for PDT of disseminated non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) grown orthotopically in nude mice, and to evaluate the effect of PDT on tumor and normal tissues. H460 human NSCLC cells were injected percutaneously into the thoracic cavity of nude mice. HPPH-PDT (1 mg/kg, 24 hours) was performed via the interstitial delivery (150 mW/cm) of 661 nm light to the thoracic cavity at fluences of 25-200 J/cm. H460 tumors exhibited exponential growth within the thoracic cavity consisting of diffuse, gross nodular disease within 9 days after intrathoracic injection. Tumor volume, measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), was highly correlated with the aggregate tumor mass extracted from the corresponding animal. Intrathoracic PDT at fluences of ≥50 J/cm produced significant decreases in tumor burden as compared to unt...

Photodynamic therapy of cancer: An update

CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 2011

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved, minimally invasive therapeutic procedure that can exert a selective cytotoxic activity toward malignant cells. The procedure involves administration of a photosensitizing agent followed by irradiation at a wavelength corresponding to an absorbance band of the sensitizer. In the presence of oxygen, a series of events lead to direct tumor cell death, damage to the microvasculature, and induction of a local inflammatory reaction. Clinical studies revealed that PDT can be curative, particularly in early stage tumors. It can prolong survival in patients with inoperable cancers and significantly improve quality of life. Minimal normal tissue toxicity, negligible systemic effects, greatly reduced long-term morbidity, lack of intrinsic or acquired resistance mechanisms, and excellent cosmetic as well as organ function-sparing effects of this treatment make it a valuable therapeutic option for combination treatments. With a number of recent technological improvements, PDT has the potential to become integrated into the mainstream of cancer treatment. CA Cancer J Clin 2011;61:250-281