Antimicrobial alkaloids isolated from marine sponges - Minireview (original) (raw)
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Bioactive compounds from marine sponges
Several marine sponges from Okinawan waters have been examined for bioactive compounds. Further investigation with Polyfibrospongia sp. which have already yielded novel metabolites gave new hennoxazoles (6-9), of which 7 was moderately cytotoxic. Echinocluthn'a sp. furnished new pyridine alkaloids (1 0-1 2), two of which showed immunosuppressive activity. A sponge identified to be Dysidea herbacea afforded cytotoxic 20,24-dimethyldeoxoscalarin-3-one ( 1 4) along with known diterpenes. Two cytotoxic dimers (15,16) of a sesquiterpene have been isolated from Halichondria sp. Mytiloxanthin derivatives (1 8,19) were the major pigments of Phakellia stellidem. A new species of the family Niphatidae gave highly cytotoxic polyacetylenes (2 0-2 6).
Alkaloids from the Sponge Monanchora unguifera
Journal of Natural Products, 2005
The bioassay-guided fractionation of the cytotoxic crude gum obtained from the Caribbean sponge Monanchora unguifera led to the isolation and characterization of the new compounds batzelladine J (1) and crambescidic acid (2) in addition to known guanidine alkaloids ptilomycalin A (3a), ptilocaulin (4), and isoptilocaulin (5). The structures of the compounds were elucidated by interpretation of the 1D and 2D NMR experiments. The chemotaxonomic implications of these findings are discussed.
The collected alkaloid compounds of Gelliodes carnosa sponge species from depth of 5-6 meters of Nay band Bay (Iran's coasts of Persian Gulf) were extracted by three different methods The obtained extract was tested on two gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, PTCC 1189, Bacillus subtilis, PTCC 1156), and five gramnegative bacteria (Escherichia coli,PTCC 1763, Pseudomonas saeroginosa, PTCC 1310, Proteus mirabilis, PTCC 1076, Serattia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumonia), and six pathogenic fungi (Candida albicans, PTCC 5027, Fusarium solani, PTCC 5248, Aspergillus niger, PTCC 5223, Saprolegnia sp., Fusarium sp.1, Fusarium sp.2). The extracted alkaloid compounds from the three methods had a significant inhibitory activity on the growth of all the bacteria and fungi. The anti-bacterial properties of these compounds were more than their anti-fungal properties.
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 2016
A variety of biologically active compounds with unique structures and pharmacological properties have been reported to occur in marine organisms. Demospongiae, an important class of marine sponge is known for producing the largest number and diversity of secondary metabolites isolated till recent times. The review covers the diverse class of bioactive compounds isolated for therapeutic drug applications from different marine organisms. It is an attempt to update the marine research community with results of our ongoing search for bioactive secondary metabolites from marine sponge Spongosorites halichondriodes which has exhibited antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity in our studies. Spongosorites halichondriodes (order Halichondrida, family Halichondriidae) is a predominant marine sponge collected from west coast of Mumbai, India. The sponge S. halichondriodes has shown presence of Octadecadienoic acid (Linoleic acid), ergostan tetraen-ol, dihydroxy cholanoic-methyl esters,C 28 saturated and unsaturated esters like 3β, 4β, 7α, 12α-tetrahydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid methyl ester, 7α, 12β-dihydroxy-5β-cholan24-oic acid methyl ester, novel isocoumarin citrinolactone A, a triterpenoid glycyrrhetinic acid as well as other unknown compounds such as nucleoside inosine.
Novel Antitumor Agents: Marine Sponge Alkaloids, their Synthetic Analogs and Derivatives
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry, 2005
Present review describes research on novel natural antitumor agents isolated from marine sponges. More than 90 novel cytotoxic antitumor compounds and their synthetic analogs have shown confirmed activity in vitro tumor cell lines bioassay and are of current interest to NCI for further in vivo evaluation. A great problem, to use directly the reservoir of marine organisms for therapy is the very low availability and the isolation of only very small amounts of the biologically active substances from the natural materials. Thus, the synthetic chemistry is required to develop high yield synthetic methods, which are able to produce sufficient marine alkaloids for a broad biological screening. This review will present some of the aspects of the medicinal chemistry developed recently to introduce such modifications. The structures, origins, synthesis and biological activity of a selection of N-heterocyclic marine sponge alkaloids are reviewed. The emphasis is on compounds poised as potential anticancer drugs: pyrroles, pyrazines, imidazole, and other structural families. With computer program PASS some additional biological activities are also predicted, which point toward new possible applications of these compounds. This review emphasizes the role of marine sponge alkaloids as an important source of leads for drug discovery.
A new alkaloid from an Australian marine sponge Spongosorites sp.
Australian Journal of Chemistry , 1994
A specimen of a marine sponge, Spongosorites sp., collected in Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, Australia, has yielded the alkaloid (2). The structure of (2) was secured by spectroscopic analysis, chemical derivatization and synthesis of a dihydro derivative (4). The antibiotic property of the crude ethanol extract of this sponge was attributed to (2).
Anticancer secondary metabolites from marine sponges Deniz süngerlerinden antikanser metabolitler
2021
The oceans cover 70% of the Earth’s surface. The marine environment is an important source of secondary metabolites with high biodiversity. Besides other marine species, sponges with a wide range of secondary metabolites are an important potential for drug discovery. Cancer is one of the leading causes of death with high morbidity and mortality. It is very important to discover new therapeutic agents in the treatment of cancer. In recent years, studies on exploring new anticancer compounds are focused on the marine source. In this review, our target is collecting the studies about marine sponges secondary metabolites which have an anticancer effect. Among most of the isolated compounds from sponges and their semisynthetic derivatives, there are three FDA (US Food and Drug Administration) approved compounds and three compounds in clinical phase. Moreover, more than 40 compounds isolated from marine sponges have been tested for anticancer activity in recent 10 years. In conclusion mar...
Screening and Identification of Marine Sponge Associated Fungus Producing Novel Bioactive Molecules
The marine environment is a rich source of both biological and chemical diversity, which has been the source of unique chemical compounds with the potential for industrial development. In recent years, a significant number of novel metabolites with potent pharmacological properties have been discovered from the marine organisms. Several robust new compounds derived from marine natural products are now in clinical pipeline, with more clinical development. In our present study, we had collected the sponge samples from the Bay of Bengal. From that we had isolated microorganisms, screened for activity, extracted the bioactive compound from the selected isolate and identified the isolate. Samples of different sponges are collected by removing a piece of the animal (sponge) and kept in sterile YEME broth in a screw capped tube and stored at low temperatures. We isolated microorganisms from various sponge samples by following screening procedures of which one sample was primarily selected for further studies. From the selected sample namely KSP 03 09 2010, morphological studies of the isolates 2F, 3F, 5F, 6F and 7F were performed and identified as fungal isolates. Phenotypic characterization of the fungal isolate 5F by IMTECH, Chandigarh revealed that it belongs to the genus Penicillium. Bioprocess parameters like production medium, sea water composition and incubation time for growth and production of secondary metabolites were optimized to get high yield of the bioactive. Bioautography of the crude extract of 5F revealed that our compound was a mixture of 2-3 compounds.
Bioactive Compounds from Marine Sponges: Fundamentals and Applications
Marine Drugs
Marine sponges are sessile invertebrates that can be found in temperate, polar and tropical regions. They are known to be major contributors of bioactive compounds, which are discovered in and extracted from the marine environment. The compounds extracted from these sponges are known to exhibit various bioactivities, such as antimicrobial, antitumor and general cytotoxicity. For example, various compounds isolated from Theonella swinhoei have showcased various bioactivities, such as those that are antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal. In this review, we discuss bioactive compounds that have been identified from marine sponges that showcase the ability to act as antibacterial, antiviral, anti-malarial and antifungal agents against human pathogens and fish pathogens in the aquaculture industry. Moreover, the application of such compounds as antimicrobial agents in other veterinary commodities, such as poultry, cattle farming and domesticated cats, is discussed, along with a brief d...