Biodegradation of Phenol by Bacillus simplex: Characterization and Kinetics Study (original) (raw)

2021, Applied Environmental Biotechnology

Phenol is one of the main pollutants that have a serious impact on the environment and can even be very critical to human health. The biodegradation of phenol can be considered an increasingly important pollution control process. In this study, the degradation of phenol by Bacillus simplex was investigated for the first time under different growth conditions. Six different initial concentrations of phenol were used as the primary substrate. Culture conditions had an important effect on these cells' ability to biodegrade phenol. The best growth of this organism and its highest biodegradation level of phenol were noticed at pH 7, temperature 28 °C, and periods of 36 and 96 h, respectively. The GC-MS analysis of the bacterial culture sample revealed that further degradation of the catechol by 1,2-dioxygenase produce a cis, cis-mucconic acid via ortho-pathway and/or by 2,3-dioxygenase into 2-hydroxymucconic semialdehyde via meta-pathway. The highest biodegradation rate was perceived...

Biodegradation of Phenol: Mini Review

Journal of Basic and Applied Research in Biomedicine, 2020

This paper is a comprehensive review related to the biological degradation of phenol by microorganisms. The aromatic compound, phenol or hydroxybenzene, is produced industrially or naturally. Many microorganisms that are able to biodegrade phenol have been isolated and at the same time, the metabolic pathways responsible for these metabolic processes have been determined. A large number of bacteria were studied in detail especially, pure cultures as well as the pathways of aerobic phenol metabolism and the enzymes involved. Phenol oxygenation occurred as the initial steps through phenol hydroxylase enzymes leading to formation of catechol, pursued by the splitting of the adjacent ring or in between the two groups of catechol hydroxyls. Thus, the physical and chemical environments plus the chemical structures that affecting biodegradation processes are important determining factors for combating of pollution. This nature of chemical structure for the other aromatic compounds is also a main decisive factor of biodegradability.

Biodegradation of Phenol: A Review

Phenol is one of the organic pollutants in industrial waste water which causes significant environmental problems. Various methods such as chlorination, flocculation, adsorption etc. have been used for the degradation of phenol. But biological methods have proved to be the most effective and economical approach for the removal of phenol and phenol related compounds. Numerous studies on biodegradation of phenol using different types of microorganisms and bioreactors have been reported. Various kinetic models and the effect of various parameters such as initial phenol concentration, temperature, pH, etc. on biodegradation have been also studied.

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