Current Updates on COVID-19 Vaccines (original) (raw)
Related papers
Comprehensive Highlights of the Universal Efforts towards the Development of COVID-19 Vaccine
Vaccines
The world has taken proactive measures to combat the pandemic since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, which was caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). These measures range from increasing the production of personal protective equipment (PPE) and highlighting the value of social distancing to the emergency use authorization (EUA) of therapeutic drugs or antibodies and their appropriate use; nonetheless, the disease is still spreading quickly and is ruining people’s social lives, the economy, and public health. As a result, effective vaccines are critical for bringing the pandemic to an end and restoring normalcy in society. Several potential COVID-19 vaccines are now being researched, developed, tested, and reviewed. Since the end of June 2022, several vaccines have been provisionally approved, whereas others are about to be approved. In the upcoming years, a large number of new medications that are presently undergoing clinical testin...
The Recent Updates on Approaches and Clinical Trials Status of Covid-19 Vaccines Developed Globally
Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal, 2021
The Covid-19 pandemic since 2019 has imparted a massive influence on the human life around the world, irrespective of all the precautionary measures followed worldwide it is strongly suggested that only the effective and safer vaccine can control this vicious pandemic. Nevertheless, the vaccine development strategies for Covid-19 was initiated firstly in china after the outbreak of Covid-19 and then globally after it was declared as pandemic by World Health Organization. Currently, numerous platforms have been designed for developing the most efficacious and safe vaccines designed by different technologies including protein subunit, viral vector, RNA, DNA, inactivated, and live attenuated approach. Here, this review will illustrates the detailed information on above mentioned Covid-19 vaccines development technologies, protocols and their clinical trial phase status. Additionally, this review also includes the details of vaccines failed to progress further.
A COVID-19 Vaccine: Big Strides Come with Big Challenges
Vaccines
As of 8 January 2021, there were 86,749,940 confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and 1,890,342 COVID-19-related deaths worldwide, as reported by the World Health Organization (WHO). In order to address the COVID-19 pandemic by limiting transmission, an intense global effort is underway to develop a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. The development of a safe and effective vaccine usually requires several years of pre-clinical and clinical stages of evaluation and requires strict regulatory approvals before it can be manufactured in bulk and distributed. Since the global impact of COVID-19 is unprecedented in the modern era, the development and testing of a new vaccine are being expedited. Given the high-level of attrition during vaccine development, simultaneous testing of multiple candidates increases the probability of finding one that is effective. Over 200 vaccines are currently in development, with over 60 candidate vaccines being tested in clinical trials. These make u...
Overview of COVID-19 Vaccine Development Strategy
Bioscientia medicina, 2022
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified as the cause of coronavirus disease 20019 (COVID19) pandemic which first emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan city, China. Currently, a vaccine is urgently needed to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Several vaccine candidates are under development and some are in the final stage of clinical trials. The COVID-19 vaccination aims to reduce morbidity and mortality rates, achieve herd immunity to prevent and protect the society, strengthen the health system, maintain productivity and minimize social and economic impacts. Before approval, vaccines have to undergo several clinical trials to ensure its safety profile, efficacy, duration of immune system resistance, and adverse effect. Various strategies have been used in the development of vaccines including viral vector vaccines, nucleic acid vaccines, inactivated virus, live attenuated virus, subunit protein¸and virus-like particle vaccine. Each strategy has its own advantages and disadvantages.
A Review of the Progress of COVID-19 Vaccine Development
Düzce Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 2021
A coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19) is still a global problem with not sufficient evidence of a declining pattern caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is generally accepted that normal life is impeded by securing a reliable vaccine strategy. Many countries have accelerated the process of clinical trials to create effective treatment with COVID-19. More than 200 candidate vaccines have been started for SARS-CoV-2 testing. This review attempts to provide an overview of the currently emerging COVID-19 vaccine types, address the theoretical and practical challenges of vaccines for COVID-19 and discuss possible strategies to help vaccine design succeed. The first move was to take out papers using the initial keyword "pandemics, vaccines and vaccine types". A total of 63,538 results (including 1,200 journals; 16,875 books; and 12,871 web pages), with the initial keyword, searched for in the Scopus database. Further improvements were searched on keywords such as "pandemic and vaccine types" (711 newspapers and 5,053 webpages). This review attempts to overview the historical and important basic information about the pandemics viz. history, virological characteristics, structure, origin and physio-chemical properties. The second phase includes the vaccination types and strategies in depth. It includes the diagnosis, virology and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-COV-2/COVID-19 vaccines. The development, planning strategies, types, cost and current scenarios of COVID-19 vaccines are depicted in detail. I.
Medical Research Archives
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or Coronavirus was initially detected in Wuhan China in December 2019 and has subsequently resulted in the COVID-19 pandemic. The disease presents asymptomatically in some of individuals yet also causes symptoms ranging from those associated with influenza and pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and even death. The world is currently relying on physical (social) distancing, hygiene and repurposed medicines; however, it was predicted that an effective vaccine will be necessary to ensure comprehensive protection against COVID-19. There was a global effort to develop an effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 with approximately 300 vaccines in clinical trials, and over 200 more in different stages of development and anticipated that their success will change research clinical trials processes. Although every one of these vaccines comes with its own particular set of characteristics and difficulties, they were a...
A Review on First Members of COVID-19 Vaccines in Phase 3 Around the Globe
Journal of Advanced Scientific Research
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a member of the coronaviridae family is the cause of the pandemic which started in 2019 and the world is still fighting against it. In spite of the usage of drugs like remedesivir, flavinavir and hydroxycholoquine along with different approaches to increase the immunity or to treat the respiratory infection in humans, even now this viral infection is uncontrollable. According to the stats, till November 10, 2020 over 10 million people have lost their lives around the world, touching the mark of 37 mill ion plus patients around the world with epidemiology showing the most cases in USA followed by India, Russia, Brazil and Spain. After seeing the rapid spread and post disease effects of this air borne viral infection, an urgent need of the vaccine consider ed. This led to encourage researchers around the world to develop different types of vaccines, namely inactivated, live attenuated, nanoparticle based, viral vectored, re...
Recent Updates on COVID-19 Vaccine Platforms and Its Immunological Aspects: A Review
2020
SARS-CoV-2 firstly emerged in China and sporadically transmitted worldwide. In March 2020, WHO announced that the infection was a pandemic. The outbreak and rapid transmission of COVID-19 have endangered the global health and the economy. This crisis has called for an extensive scientific mobilization of studies on SARS-CoV-2 concerning its clinical aspects, characteristics, and its mechanism of transmission. Although many scientists have published the treatment options against COVID-19, currently, there is not any approved medications against the virus yet. COVID-19 vaccine development has started in many research centers and pharmaceutical industries following the announcement of the agent and the full genome of SARS-CoV-2 recognized. Recently, the collected data described that COVID-19 vaccine candidates grouped into the following types: protein-based, epitope, inactivated or live-attenuated virus, virus-like particle, nucleic acid-based, and viral vectors. Therefore, the present...
Nigerian Journal of Medicine, 2021
Review Article IntroductIon Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly communicable disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the first case of the disease was reported in Wuhan, Peoples Republic of China (PRC), in December 2019. [1] Ninety-two million confirmed cases of COVID-19, with over 2.06 million COVID-19-associated deaths, had been reported globally as of January 23, 2021, and have led to enormous psychological, sociological, demographic, and economic crises around the world. [2,3] Far-reaching measures, such as extensive testing, nationwide lockdown, social distancing, and strict seclusion of infected persons, are necessary to prevent the further spread of SARS-CoV-2. However, employing these preventive measures geared toward containment is not a simple task to achieve. [4] This unremitting CoV spread underscores the significance of global efforts in developing vaccines and therapeutics. Furthermore, the return to normalcy appears to depend on the urgent rollout of an effective vaccine and rapid implementation of the vaccination. Vaccines are biological agents that humanity usually count on to decrease the death tolls from infectious diseases and their agents. Within a year, immediately after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, many teams of researchers domiciled in several countries took up the challenge of finding a lasting solution to the pandemic, and they came up with vaccines that can protect humans against SARS-CoV-2. [3] By January 2021, more than 290 candidate vaccines have been developed and tested; 69 candidate vaccines are currently in medical trials, including 43 in Phase one to three trials and 26 in Phase Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) accounts for over 92 million confirmed cases worldwide, with over 2.06 million deaths. In the past year, more than 290 candidate vaccines have been tested; COVID-19 vaccine development was sped up, with shortened timeline, due to the urgent global need in the face of the pandemic. In addition, people with the highest risk of contracting the disease, such as health workers with a high risk of exposure, elderlies, and people with underlying comorbidities, were prioritized with vaccination rollout. The article narratively reviewed original and review articles available on PubMed and Google Scholar related to the theme to provide up-to-date information. The different templates developed and studied for COVID-19 vaccines include the whole-virus vaccine, viral vector vaccine, nucleic acid (deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid), and protein subunit vaccine. Myths impede vaccine uptake in this part of the globe. Adopting these myths leads to sharing and spreading, which negatively impacts the prevention of COVID-19 and vaccine uptake. Adverse event following immunizations (AEFIs) is classified based on severity, from minor to severe. The minor ones are common events that pose no potential health risks to the receiver of the vaccine. The type determines the safety profile, severity, and frequency of AEFIs observed with the vaccine administration. Overall, this pandemic has heightened the global level of threat awareness; it has also provided motivation to prepare for future pandemics by developing new vaccines.
COVID-19 vaccine candidates and vaccine development platforms available worldwide
Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2021
The pandemic caused by the worldwide spread of the coronavirus, which first appeared in 2019, has been named coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). More than 4.5 million deaths have been recorded due to the pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), according to the World Health Organization. COVID-19 Dashboard in September 2021. Apart from the wildtype, other variations have been successfully transmitted early in the outbreak although they were not discovered until March 2020. Modifications in the SARS-CoV-2 genetic material, such as mutation and recombination, have the ability to modify the viral life span, along with transitivity, cellular tropism, and symptom severity. Several processes are involved in introducing novel vaccines to the population, including vaccine manufacturing, preclinical studies, Food and Drug Administration permission or certification, processing, and marketing. COVID-19 vaccine candidates have been developed by a number of public and private groups employing a variety of strategies, such as RNA, DNA, protein, and viral vectored vaccines. This comprehensive review, which included the most subsequent evidence on unique features of SARS-CoV-2 and the associated morbidity and mortality, was carried out using a systematic search of recent online databases in order to generate useful knowledge about the COVID-19 updated versions and their consequences on the disease symptoms and vaccine development.