Takagi–Taupin dynamical X-ray diffraction simulations of asymmetric X-ray diffraction from crystals: the effects of surface undulations (original) (raw)

2020, Journal of Applied Crystallography

Dynamical X-ray diffraction simulations from crystals with surface undulations are reported. The Takagi–Taupin equations are applied and used to derive results in good agreement with experimental data reported in a separate paper [Macrander, Pereira, Huang, Kasman, Qian, Wojcik & Assoufid (2020). J. Appl. Cryst. 53, 789–792]. The development of Uragami [J. Phys. Soc. Jpn, (1969), 27, 147–154] is followed. Although previous work by Olekhnovich & Olekhnovich [Acta. Cryst. (1980), A36, 22–27] treated a crystal in the shape of a round cylinder, there do not seem to be any reports of previous dynamical X-ray diffraction treatments specifically for surface undulations. The significance of the present work is that it bridges the diffraction treatment of more classical dynamical diffraction theory, which assumes a flat surface, and the simple kinematic diffraction theory. The kinematic theory has, to date, been the primary means of simulating X-ray diffraction from surfaces.

A new approach to wide-angle dynamical X-ray diffraction by deformed crystals

Journal of applied …, 2006

A new approach is proposed for X-ray dynamical diffraction theory in distorted crystals. The theory allows one to perform dynamical diffraction simulations between Bragg peaks for non-ideal crystals, using a simple approach of two distorted waves. It can be directly applied for reciprocal-space simulation. The formalism is used to analyse high-resolution X-ray diffraction data, obtained for an InSb/InGaSb/InSb/InAs superlattice grown on top of a GaSb buffer layer on a (001) GaSb substrate. electronic reprint research papers J. Appl. Cryst. (2006). 39, 652-655 S. G. Podorov et al. Wide-angle dynamical X-ray diffraction 655 Figure 3

Effects of surface undulations on asymmetric X-ray diffraction: a rocking-curve topography study

Journal of Applied Crystallography, 2020

The results are reported of an X-ray diffraction study of an Si crystal designed and fabricated for very asymmetric diffraction from the 333 reflection for X-ray energies of 8.100 and 8.200 keV. A crystal with an asymmetry angle of 46 ± 0.1° between the surface and the (111) planes was studied. The grazing angles of incidence were near 1.08 and 0.33° for these two energies, respectively. Features arising from surface undulations were not observed at 8.100 keV, but were observed at 8.200 keV. The results at 8.100 keV allow an alternative explanation based on strain near the surface to be ruled out. Topographic images were obtained as a function of rocking angle, and in the case of 8.200 keV the surface morphology is evident. The results are found to be in agreement with dynamical X-ray diffraction calculations made with the Takagi–Taupin equations specialized to a surface having convex or concave features, as reported in the accompanying paper [Macrander (2020). J. Appl. Cryst. 53, 7...

A Fourier optics approach to the dynamical theory of X-ray diffraction – continuously deformed crystals

Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography, 2004

X-ray diffraction in continuously deformed crystals is considered by application of Fourier optics and from the viewpoint of the analogy between X-ray dynamics and the motion of two-level systems in quantum mechanics. Different forms of Takagi's equations are traced back to a common framework and it is shown that they are different ways to represent the same propagation equation. A novel way to solve Takagi's equations in the presence of a constant strain gradient is presented and approximation methods derived from quantum mechanics are considered. Crystal deformation in X-ray interferometry and two-crystal spectrometry are discussed and it is demonstrated that Si lattice-parameter measurements depend on the diffracting plane spacing on the crystal surface.

Wide angle X-ray dynamical diffraction by deformed crystals: recurrence relations

Physica Status Solidi a Applications and Materials Science, 2007

Dynamical wide-angle multiwave X-ray diffraction from a deformed crystal was considered, for the special case when no more than one strong reflection occurs at a time. The obtained set of equations can be transformed to the Takagi two-beam approximation if the scattering vector is close to a vector of the reciprocal lattice. The new formalism was employed to obtain recurrence relations for the amplitude reflection coefficient corresponding to laterally homogeneous multilayer structures for the case of coplanar Bragg diffraction.

Takagi-Taupin description of x-ray dynamical diffraction from diffractive optics with large numerical aperture

Physical Review B, 2007

We present a formalism of x-ray dynamical diffraction from volume diffractive optics with large numerical aperture and high aspect ratio, in an analogy to the Takagi-Taupin equations for strained single crystals. We derive a set of basic equations for dynamical diffraction from volume diffractive optics, which enable us to study the focusing property of these optics with various grating profiles. We study volume diffractive optics that satisfy the Bragg condition to various degrees, namely flat, tilted and wedged geometries, and derive the curved geometries required for ultimate focusing. We show that the curved geometries satisfy the Bragg condition everywhere and phase requirement for point focusing, and effectively focus hard x-rays to a scale close to the wavelength.

Theory of X-ray diffraction on asymmetrically cut and bent crystals

Physica Status Solidi B Basic Research, 2000

A theory of X-ray diffraction on asymmetrically cut and elastically bent crystals is discussed. The general form of the Taupin equation is derived for this case. The integration of the reflected waves with a phase factor is proposed to calculate the angular divergence of the diffracted wave.

Dynamical effects in Bragg coherent x-ray diffraction imaging of finite crystals

Physical Review B, 2017

We present simulations of Bragg Coherent X-ray Diffractive Imaging (CXDI) data from finite crystals in the frame of the dynamical theory of x-ray diffraction. The developed approach is based on numerical solution of modified Takagi-Taupin equations and can be applied for modeling of a broad range of x-ray diffraction experiments with finite three-dimensional crystals of arbitrary shape also in the presence of strain. We performed simulations for nanocrystals of a cubic and hemispherical shape of different sizes and provided a detailed analysis of artifacts in the Bragg CXDI reconstructions introduced by the dynamical diffraction. A convenient way to treat effects of refraction and absorption supported by analytical derivations is described. Our results elucidate limitations for the kinematical approach in the Bragg CXDI and suggest a natural criterion to distinguish between kinematical and dynamical cases in coherent x-ray diffraction on a finite crystal.

Theory of Imaging a Perfect Crystal under the Conditions of X-Ray Spherical Wave Dynamical Diffraction

physica status solidi (b), 2000

A theory of the formation of interference patterns due to X-ray spherical wave two-beam dynamical diffraction in a perfect crystal is presented. An asymmetrical Laue case is analyzed in detail, when a polychromatic focus is realized with different distances in front of and behind the crystal. Such a property is essential for high-energy X-rays produced by synchrotron radiation sources of the third generation because of the long distance between source and object. It is shown that a monochromatic X-ray spherical wave is focused due to dynamical diffraction when a definite relation between distances and crystal thickness is held. An X-ray beam of less than 10 mm width may be obtained. A two-dimensional intensity distribution (topograph) may be registered with a wedge-shaped crystal. It shows interference fringes of different kinds depending on crystal thickness and asymmetry rate. It is also discussed how a slit in front of the crystal influences the interference pattern. An example of an interference pattern is presented under the condition of highly asymmetrical diffraction which was obtained by a computer simulation technique. Fringes of a new kind are observed and their physical nature is discussed.

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