The Relationship between Plasma Taurine Levels and Diabetic Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (original) (raw)
Related papers
Neurochemical Research, 2004
Taurine is a semiessential amino acid, and its deficiency is involved in retinal and cardiac degenerations. In recent years, it was found that diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with taurine, and many in vivo experimental studies showed that taurine administration is able to reduce the alterations induced by DM in the retina, lens, and peripheral nerve, although its effects on diabetic kidney are dubious. Interestingly, long-term taurine supplementation reduces the mortality rate in diabetic rats. The mechanisms by which taurine exerts beneficial effects in DM are discussed below. Recently, it has been suggested that taurine deficiency may alter the endocrine pancreas "fetal programming," increasing the risk of insulin resistance in adult life. The bulk of experimental data suggests that taurine administration could be useful in the treatment of type 1 DM and in the prevention of insulin resistance. KEY WORDS: Taurine; diabetes mellitus; oxidative stress; insulin resistance. renal and hepatic mechanisms that permit the conservation 0364-3190/04/0100-0143/0
Pharmaceutical Sciences
Background: Prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as a major, noncommunicable disease with increasing prevalence, is one of the major human challenges. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize current studies about the potential roles of taurine in T2DM, to identify knowledge gaps and to provide recommendations for the way forward. Methods: The literature search was performed in PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, ProQuest and Google Scholar electronic databases to December 2019. All studies investigating the impacts of taurine in T2DM which met the inclusion criteria were eligible. Results: Out of 1381 articles found in the search, 12 were included. Findings of taurine supplementation on glycemic control in T2DM showed improving effect of taurine on fasting and postprandial blood glucose, serum insulin level, insulin resistance, function of beta cells, and insulin sensitivity. But, the results for Hemoglobin A1c and homeostatic model assessmentinsulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were contradictory. Also, taurine reduced total cholesterol, TG, and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, however, the evidence on high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) was insufficient. Findings didn not support antioxidative role of taurine in T2DM. Conclusion: As a whole, taurine has potential to improve glycemic status and dyslipidemia. However, more clinical trials are needed to explore precise mechanisms underlying taurine on metabolic variables, oxidative stress, and inflammatory biomarkers, according to the recommendations for future directions.
Is Taurine Beneficial in Reducing Risk Factors for Diabetes Mellitus?
Neurochemical Research, 2000
Taurine is a semiessential amino acid, and its deficiency is involved in retinal and cardiac degenerations. In recent years, it was found that diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with taurine, and many in vivo experimental studies showed that taurine administration is able to reduce the alterations induced by DM in the retina, lens, and peripheral nerve, although its effects on diabetic kidney are dubious. Interestingly, long-term taurine supplementation reduces the mortality rate in diabetic rats. The mechanisms by which taurine exerts beneficial effects in DM are discussed below. Recently, it has been suggested that taurine deficiency may alter the endocrine pancreas "fetal programming," increasing the risk of insulin resistance in adult life. The bulk of experimental data suggests that taurine administration could be useful in the treatment of type 1 DM and in the prevention of insulin resistance. KEY WORDS: Taurine; diabetes mellitus; oxidative stress; insulin resistance. renal and hepatic mechanisms that permit the conservation 0364-3190/04/0100-0143/0
Ameliorative effect of taurine against diabetes and renal‑associated disorders (Review)
2021
To develop novel therapeutic methods for both diabetic and renal disorders, scientists had initially focused on elucidating the molecular mechanisms of taurine in established cell lines and mouse models. Although a large amount of data have been revealed, taurine has been confirmed to be the next step of novel promising therapeutic interventions against diabetic disorders. Taurine appears to ameliorate diabetes 1-related complications in various organs through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-hormonal actions. In type 2 diabetes, taurine has been positively implicated in glucose homeostasis, exerting potent hypoglycemic, anti-obesity, hypotensive and hypolipidemic effects. Of particular interest is that taurine provides protection against renal dysfunction, including hypertension and proteinuria, specific glomerular and tubular disorders, acute and chronic renal conditions, and diabetic nephropathy. The ameliorative effects of taurine against renal disorders are based on its osmoregulatory properties, its association with signaling pathways and its association with the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Further clinical studies are required to ensure the importance of research findings. 1. Types of diabetes Diabetes is a prevalent endocrine disease associated with oxidative stress. In 2014, 422 million individuals were diagnosed with diabetes worldwide, while diabetes was directly associated with 1,5 million deaths in 2012 and 2,2 million deaths indirectly through an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and other diseases (1). Diabetes mellitus is categorized into two types according to insulin dependence. Type 1 diabetes mellitus or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) (formerly known as juvenile diabetes) is characterized by hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is considered an autoimmune disease, in which T-cells mediate the elimination of pancreatic β-cells and thereby contribute to the production of low insulin levels (2). In type 2 diabetes mellitus or non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) (formerly known as adult diabetes), insulin resistance seems to be the predominant factor and occurs from defects in insulin secretion and a low tissue sensitivity to insulin (3). Diabetes is also known to cause complications, such as cardiovascular diseases, neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, foot ulcers, skin lesions and hearing impairment (4). Diabetes mellitus is associated with high blood sugar levels for a long period of time due to alterations in carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism, which results from a dysfunction
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2004
Background: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing with an epidemic growth rate. Animal studies with taurine supplementation have shown increased insulin secretion and action, suggesting that taurine supplementation may have a potential to prevent T2DM. Objective: To assess the effect of taurine treatment on insulin secretion and action, and on plasma lipid levels in overweight men with a positive history of T2DM. Design: 20 nondiabetic subjects were included in a double-blinded, randomized, crossover study, receiving a daily supplementation of 1.5 g taurine or placebo for two periods of 8 weeks. The subjects were overweight first-degree relatives of T2DM patients. An intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was used to measure first-phase insulin secretory response, and a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp was used to determine peripheral insulin action. Results: Mean plasma taurine concentration was 3977 (s.d.) mmol/l after placebo and 131762 mmol/l after taurine intervention (Po0.0001). There was no significant difference after taurine intervention compared to placebo in incremental insulin response (Ins incr. ) neither during the IVGTT, nor in insulin-stimulated glucose disposal during the clamp. Insulin secretion, adjusted for insulin sensitivity, was also unchanged. There was no significant effect of taurine supplementation on blood lipid levels as well. Conclusion: Daily supplementation with 1.5 g taurine for 8 weeks had no effect on insulin secretion or sensitivity, or on blood lipid levels. These findings in persons with an increased risk of T2DM are in contrast to those from animal studies, and do not support the assumption that dietary supplementation with taurine can be used to prevent the development of T2DM.
Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome
Background Reduced serum level of taurine in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was shown to be associated with the metabolic alterations and clinical complications of diabetes. Dietary supplementation with taurine may attenuate oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in T2DM as well as alleviate diabetes-induced complications. Hence, this study evaluated the effect of taurine supplementation on oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with T2DM. Methods Fifty patients with T2DM were randomly allocated to two groups to consume either taurine (containing 1000 mg taurine), or placebo (containing crystalline microcellulose) three times per day for 8 weeks. Anthropometric data, dietary intake, serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were asses...
The Impact of Taurine on Obesity-Induced Diabetes Mellitus: Mechanisms Underlying Its Effect
Endocrinology and Metabolism
This review explores the potential benefits of taurine in ameliorating the metabolic disorders of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), highlighting the factors that bridge these associations. Relevant articles and studies were reviewed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between obesity and the development of T2D and the effect of taurine on those conditions. The loss of normal β-cell function and development of T2D are associated with obesity-derived insulin resistance. The occurrence of diabetes has been linked to the low bioavailability of taurine, which plays critical roles in normal β-cell function, anti-oxidation, and anti-inflammation. The relationships among obesity, insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, and T2D are complex and intertwined. Taurine may play a role in ameliorating these metabolic disorders through different pathways, but further research is needed to fully understand its effects and potential as a therapeutic intervention.
Effect of taurine on liver and kidney functions of diabetic female rats
2020
Objective: the current research was directed for the estimation of hypoglycemic effect of taurine in alloxaninduced diabetic rats. Methods: twenty-four of female rats (Rattus norvegicus) were utilized for this purpose. Animals were further distributed in four groups having six rats in each group. Diabetes was induced by injected intraperitoneally with alloxan at single dose 125mg/kg body weight, group (1) (control group): animals of this group were treated only with distill water for 15 days, group (2) (diabetic group): animals of this group were injected intraperitoneally with alloxan at single dose 125mg/kg body weight, group (3) (taurine group): a 100 mg/kg body weight dose of taurine was intraperitoneally introduced for fifteen days, the group (4) (DM+taurine group): animals of this group intraperitoneally injected a single dose of (125mg/kg body weight) alloxan and after 7 days they were injected with taurine at a dose (100mg/kg body weight) for 15 days. Results: a significant upsurge (P≤0.05) was indicated in diabetic rats in the AST, ALT urea and creatinine's levels. In addition, taurine supplementation caused a significant decrease in the levels of ALT, AST, urea and creatinine. Conclusions: taurine could have potential as a pharmaceutical drug for diabetes mellitus (DM).
The American journal of clinical nutrition, 1995
Plasma and platelet taurine concentrations were assayed in 39 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and in 34 control subjects matched for age, sex, and both total and protein-derived daily energy intake. Platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid in vitro at baseline and after oral taurine supplementation (1.5 g/d) for 90 d was also studied. Plasma and platelet taurine concentrations (mean +/- SEM) were lower in diabetic patients (65.6 +/- 3.1 mumol/L, or 0.66 +/- 0.07 mol/g protein) than in control subjects (93.3 +/- 6.3 mumol/L, or 0.99 +/- 0.16 mol/g protein, P < 0.01). After oral supplementation, both plasma and platelet taurine concentrations increased significantly in the diabetic patients, reaching the mean values of healthy control subjects. The effective dose (mean +/- SEM) of arachidonic acid required for platelets to aggregate was significantly lower in diabetic patients than in control subjects (0.44 +/- 0.07 mmol compared with 0.77 +/- 0.02 ...