Anti-inflammatory effects of a topical preparation containing nicotinamide, retinol, and 7-dehydrocholesterol in patients with acne: a gene expression study (original) (raw)
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The Use of Topical Retinoids in Acne
Acne and Acneiform Eruptions, 2017
Acne vulgaris is the most common skin disease in adolescents and young adults and has serious influence on quality of life of the patients. Acne vulgaris is the most common skin disease in adolescents and young adults and has serious influence on quality of life of the patients. The initial lesions of acne are the microcomedones that can be observed histologically in normal-appearing skin. The first step in the treatment of acne is to understand the pathophysiology of disease and to act on the factors involved in the development of acne. Increased sebum secretion from sebaceous glands, secretion of inflammatory mediators, altered keratinization and follicular plugging, and follicular colonization of Propionibacterium acnes are major four steps of acne pathogenesis. Topical retinoids have multiple effects in the treatment of acne and act on more than one factor implicated in the etiology of acne. They prevent the formation of microcomedones and reduce their number, reduce macrocomedones, promote the normal desquamation of follicular epithelium, exert anti-inflammatory effects, enhance the penetration of other topical acne drugs, and prolong the remission periods of acne by inhibiting the formation of microcomedone formation and preventing the development of new lesions and bacterial resistance. Therefore, topical retinoids have been the first-line treatment for most forms of acne vulgaris either alone or together with other agents.
Biomedical Journal of Scientific and Technical Research, 2023
The combination of retinoids and antibacterial agents are considered as first line treatment approach in subjects with mild to moderate acne. Hydroxypinacolone retinoate (HPR) is a cosmetic grade ester of all-trans retinoic acid which is able to bind directly with retinoid receptors without the need for metabolic breakdown to more biologically active forms. It has been demonstrated to possess anti-acne and anti-ageing effects, causing less skin irritation than retinoic acid. The Retinsphere technology, which is a patented dual combination of hydroxipinacolone retinoate in glycosphereencapsulated retinol, and BIOPEP-15, a plant-derived antimicrobial peptide, is available and used in several anti-acne products. The aim of this narrative review was to summarize all available scientific evidence on topical Retinsphere HPR-BIOPEP-15 (RB) therapy for acne, alone or in combination with nicotinamide, salicylic and glycolic acids (RB+NSG). In detail, 3 studies analysed RB and 2 studies analysed RB+NSG efficacy and tolerability. All studies measured acne lesions count changes over time, two studies analysed microscopic skin changes with reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), and two studies assessed sebum production changes. In conclusion, collective data derived from current literature demonstrated that RB induced a median 51% reduction of total acne lesion (TL), comprising a 43% reduction of non-inflammatory lesions (NIL) and a 67% reduction of inflammatory lesions (IL). RB+NSG showed increased efficacy, with an average of 69% reduction of TL, 50% reduction of NIL and a 77% reduction of IL. Both RB and RB+NSG can significantly reduce sebum production (-57%), without affecting skin barrier function and being characterized by a good skin tolerability.
Topical retinoids in acne - an evidence-based overview
Journal Der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft, 2008
Topical retinoids are important tools in the management of acne because they act against comedones and microcomedones and have direct anti-inflammatory effects. The substances approved for acne treatment comprise tretinoin (all-trans-retinoic acid),isotretinoin (13-cis retinoic acid) as well as the synthetic third-generation polyaromatic retinoids adapalene and tazarotene,the latter being approved for acne treatment in the US only.Retinaldehyde is used in cosmetic preparations against acne.All topical retinoids are effective as single agents in mild to moderate acne but differ in efficacy and tolerability. Tazarotene 0.1% is more effective than tretinoin 0.025% or 0.1% microsphere gel or adapalene 0.1% gel or cream (EBM-level 2c). Adapalene 0.1% is equally effective to tretinoin 0.025% or tretinoin microsphere 0.1% gel or tretinoin 0.05% cream or isotretinoin 0.05% gel (EBM-level 2c). Adapalene 0.1% gel is significantly better tolerated than tazarotene 0.1% gel, tretinoin 0.025% and tretinoin 0.05% gel, tretinoin 0.05% cream,tretinoin microsphere 0.1% gel or isotretinoin 0.05% gel (EBM-level 2c).The safety profile of topical retinoids differs from their systemic counterparts and is related mainly to local adverse effects, such as erythema, dry-ness,itching and stinging.The currently available evidence justifies the use of topical retinoids in most types of acne and during maintenance treatment.
What's new in acne? New therapeutic approaches
Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie, 2010
Well-known topical and systemic treatments for acne have advanced little over the last 10 years. However, many therapeutic approaches are being evaluated both in terms of topical and systemic treatments. The purpose of this paper is to show the progress of innovative drug projects in treating acne. The topical use of new formulations using lipid nanoparticles and microspheres could help for new products based on anti-androgens or retinoids more concentrated and better tolerated. New active agents such as topical antimicrobial peptides, inhibitors of ectopeptidase, omiganan pentahydrochloryde, antisense oligonucleotides, lauric acid are many original ways to explore for the treatment of acne. New treatment regimens for doxycycline and isotretinoin would increase tolerance. Dapsone has been evaluated for isotretinoin-resistant forms . Phototherapy narrowband light (blue or red) can fi nd its place in the strategy for the management of acne. Finally, acne vaccines could be developped too
OFF-LABEL USES OF RETINOIDS IN DERMATOLOGY
Our Dermatology Online, 2012
Retinoids has been used widely in the topical and systemic treatments of various dermatoses: psoriasis, disorders of keratinization (DOK), keratotic genodermatosis, and severe acne. Moreover, it is also used in the treatment and/or chemoprevention of skin cancer and other neoplasms. Retinoids display key regulatory functions and most dermatologists are familiar with the FDA-approved indication of this medication. Retinoic acid is a potent signaling molecule that is essential for many biological processes, and its levels are tightly regulated by mechanisms that are only partially understood. This article will review these recent findings and attempt to synthesize their meaning to provide a view into the off-label uses of retinoids in dermatology with an emphasis on oral isotretinoin and acitrein.
Advances in Dermatology and Allergology, 2019
Vitamin A is the first vitamin approved by the Food and Drug Administration as an anti-wrinkle agent that changes appearance of the skin surface and has anti-aging effects. Vitamin A is in a group of fat-soluble substances and belongs to the category of retinoids. Apart from retinol, that group includes structurally related substances with the biological properties of retinol. Since the biological activity of the substances differs, for the purpose of standardization, it is given in retinol equivalents. Vitamin A and its derivatives are among the most effective substances slowing the aging process. Retinoids regulate the cell apoptosis, differentiation and proliferation. Anti-wrinkle properties of retinoids promote keratinocytes proliferation, strengthen the protective function of the epidermis, restrain transepidermal water loss, protect collagen against degradation and inhibit metalloproteinases activity. Retinoid activity is related to high affinity for nuclear receptors: RAR-retinoid acid receptors and RXR-retinoid X receptors.
Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 2005
Acne vulgaris is a skin disorder of the sebaceous follicles, involving hyperkeratinization and perifollicular inflammation. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) have a predominant role in inflammatory matrix remodeling and hyperproliferative skin disorders. We investigated the expression of MMP and tissue inhibitors of MMP (TIMP) in facial sebum specimens from acne patients, before and after treatment with isotretinoin. Gelatin zymography and Western-blot analysis revealed that sebum contains proMMP-9, which was decreased following per os or topical treatment with isotretinoin and in parallel to the clinical improvement of acne. Sebum also contains MMP-1, MMP-13, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2, as assessed by ELISA and western blot, but only MMP-13 was decreased following treatment with isotretinoin. The origin of MMP and TIMP in sebum is attributed to keratinocytes and sebocytes, since we found that HaCaT keratinocytes in culture secrete proMMP-2, proMMP-9, MMP-1, MMP-13, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2. SZ95 sebocytes in culture secreted proMMP-2 and proMMP-9, which was also confirmed by microarray analysis. Isotretinoin inhibited the arachidonic acid-induced secretion and mRNA expression of proMMP-2 and -9 in both cell types and of MMP-13 in HaCaT keratinocytes. These data indicate that MMP and TIMP of epithelial origin may be involved in acne pathogenesis, and that isotretinoin-induced reduction in MMP-9 and -13 may contribute to the therapeutic effects of the agent in acne.
Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2017
Retinoids are a class of compounds derived from vitamin A or have structural and/or functional similarity with vitamin A. They are classified into three generations based on their molecular structures. Inside the body, retinoids bind to several classes of proteins including retinoidbinding proteins and retinoid nuclear receptors. This eventually leads to the activation of specific regulatory regions of DNAcalled the retinoic acid response elementsinvolved in regulating cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. Several clinical trials have studied the role of topical and systemic retinoids in disease, and research is still ongoing. Currently, retinoids are used in several fields of medicine. This paper aims to review the structure, mechanisms of action and adverse effects of retinoids, as well as some of their current uses in Dermatology.
An in vivo experimental model for effects of topical retinoic acid in human skin
British Journal of Dermatology, 1993
An occlusive patch-test assay has been developed for assessment of topical retinoid action in human epidermis. Previous work with this assay has demonstrated marked epidermal hyperplasia in skin treated with topical all-trons-retinoic acid for 4 days and similar effects with the local irritant, sodium lauryl sulphate. To investigate the capabilities of this assay further, a time-course and dose-response were performed with afl-trtms-retinoic acid, and a comparison made with sodium lauryl sulphate. At no time, between 1 and 4 days, could the clinical or histological effects of 0-1% and 0-025% cream formulations of all-trons-retinoic acid be distinguished from each other. Epidermal hyperplasia was used to generate a 4-day dose-response for all-tr(n7s-retinoic acid at concentrations from 0-0()l to 0-025% dissolved in a 70% ethanoI/3()% propylene glycol vehicle. AlI-frHns-retinoic acid could be successfully differentiated from sodium lauryl sulphate at 2 days by virtue of its greater ability to increase epidermal thickness, spongiosis and glycosaminoglycan deposition. It appears that although all-trans-retinoic acid and sodium lauryl sulphate produce similar epidermal histological changes at 4 days, significant differences at earlier time-points suggest differing mechanisms of action, ln addition, this in vivo human assay is able to provide potency ranking for doses of all-trans-retinoic acid, and may predict clinical efficacy of retinoids in improvement of acne and/or photodamage.
Actas dermo-sifiliográficas, 2015
The high rate of relapse of acne lesions following oral isotretinoin treatment is a common problem which remains unsolved. To avoid or minimize relapses, topical retinoids have been used for many years as maintenance treatment. However, adverse effects frequently occur. To determine the efficacy and safety of a new retinoid combination (Retinsphere technology) in maintaining post-treatment response to oral isotretinoin. Prospective, randomized, double-blind and vehicle-controlled study of 30 patients with acne previously treated with isotretinoin. Treatment with the retinoid combination was applied to one side of the face and vehicle was applied to the other, once daily, for 3 months. Standardized photographs were taken using RBX technology at baseline, 1.5 months and 3 months. The primary efficacy endpoint was the appearance of relapse on the treated side compared to the vehicle-treated side. Other endpoints included lesion count, investigator-reported improvement, patient-reported...