Jenniskens, C., Ulijn, J., and Simon Tywuschik (2011), Is a specific European paradigm needed for the development of entrepreneurship research? In: special issue, International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 14(1), 39-55. (original) (raw)
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European J. of Cross-Cultural Competence and Management, 2021
Scholars have started considering cultural values as factors affecting entrepreneurship, so that cross-cultural entrepreneurship has gradually emerged as a specific branch, aimed at developing knowledge about the cultural norms and values which impact on the inclination towards entrepreneurship in different countries (Engelen et al., 2009). According to Hofstede (1980), previous studies reached different and sometimes contrasting results. This paper aims at contributing to the debate on the topic by investigating if cultural values impact on the individual perceptions and entrepreneurship intentions across-countries. To fairly study cultural values across the European countries, the Hofstede's framework and the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) have been applied.
Entrepreneurship and National Culture
Handbook of Research on Internationalization of Entrepreneurial Innovation in the Global Economy, 2015
The direct relationship between national cultural practice and entrepreneurship activities is analyzed in this chapter, based on the analysis of 44 countries. Datasets from 2012 and 2013 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) report are used to characterize three types of entrepreneurship: early-stage entrepreneurial activity (TEA); necessity-driven entrepreneurship (NDE) and opportunity-driven (ODE) entrepreneurship. Data sets on national cultural values are used to analyze five dimensions of Hofstede's work on cultural values (power distance, individualism/collectivism, masculinity/femininity, long/short term orientation, and uncertainty avoidance). For that, the authors use the Values Survey Module 2013, which has been adapted from Hofstede's previous work from 2010 and 2008. The main conclusion is that the three types of entrepreneurship analyzed in this chapter are differently explained by the cultural and expanded models. If the country of origin and the type of economy...
Culture, innovation and entrepreneurship
Innovation
Innovation and entrepreneurship lie at the heart of the modern economy. Yet, while scholars have long examined the economic drivers of innovation and entrepreneurship, less is known about the cultural forces that shape these dynamics. To the extent that the existing literature has considered how culture shapes innovation and entrepreneurship, it has been viewed as a constraining force which limited and hindered the creation of novelty. This is especially true for economic approaches to entrepreneurship and innovation. With this special issue, we highlight the central role of culture in entrepreneurial and innovative practice-what we refer to as cultural entrepreneurship-and advocate that scholars need to take a broader view of culture to emphasise the symbolic meaning systems that entrepreneurs use as tool kits to facilitate their pursuit of novelty. We discuss how the articles of this special issue employ such contemporary approaches to culture, contributing to the development of an exciting scholarly agenda. By drawing on a variety of empirical settings and methodologies, these articles generate novel and provocative insights about cultural entrepreneurship. Leveraging these contributions, we highlight possible future paths and research questions.
International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 2007
Entrepreneurship is a global phenomenon occurring in both developed and developing countries. Local economic and cultural factors both affect new ventures. This paper presents a framework that presents visionary (high quality) entrepreneurship as a principal driver in developing economies. The framework incorporates the dimensions of culture and resource-availability and speculates on their relationship with the quality of entrepreneurship. The notion of disequilibrium is presented where the role of culture and resource-availability is described as entrepreneurship impeding in developing economies, but entrepreneurship enhancing in developed economies. The framework also provides an integrated approach to guide future research about cross-cultural and geographic differences in the rates and qualities of new venture creation.
The links between culture and entrepreneurship are still not sufficiently well-established or explored. They started just a half of a century ago, even though the links between culture and capitalism are much older (more than 100 years old). Culture is one of the main determinants for the various entrepreneurial activities undertaken in different countries, nevertheless, it needs further exploring to yield a wider understanding of the role of the social aspects of entrepreneurship. This paper is rooted in the field of international entrepreneurship, a branch of which deals with the comparative perspective of entrepreneurship across countries and cultures. The main objective of the paper is to explore the impact of cultural and social norms on entrepreneurship in the EU countries on the basis of the GEM data of the recent report of 2013. The results prove that the national entrepreneurial culture has a positive impact on entrepreneurship.
Cultural diversity and knowledge in explaining entrepreneurship in European cities
Small Business Economics, 2019
This study establishes and empirically explores the relationship between knowledge, cultural diversity and various entrepreneurial outcomes across European cities in 2008–2010. We demonstrate that the mechanism of knowledge spillover entrepreneurship is contextual and contend that cultural diversity and knowledge have differential impact on entrepreneurial outcomes across cities and countries. Cities with high cultural diversity provide more opportunities for entrepreneurship in sectors where technology and knowledge play more important role. While in technology-based sectors, we observe a decline in employment, in cities where cultural diversity is moderately high, this effect is counteracted by an increase in demand for skilful labour that is more concentrated in culturally diverse contexts. Implications for regional and national policy makers and international entrepreneurs are offered.
2020
The impact of culture on entrepreneurship is a widely accepted phenomenon. Cultural factors influence entrepreneurship via different mechanisms on the macro-, meso-, and micro-level of a country. Building on existing research, we draw a clear link between national cultural dimensions and entrepreneurship, using a new model that arranges different cultural dimensions in groups based on their particular function: political, social, or individual (PSI-model) and that distinguishes between values and practices where relevant. The PSI-model provides a coherent theoretical framework on which different cultural dimensions and their impact on entrepreneurship can be analysed, allowing for particular attention to be drawn to social practices and social values. This paper contributes to a better understanding of the relationship between culture and entrepreneurship, providing empirical evidence of how specific cultural dimensions influence entrepreneurship. The findings are of relevance from ...
The Effect of Culture on Entrepreneurship
Innovation and Global Issues Congress III, 2018
The aim of research is to reveal the effect of national culture on entrepreneurship. For this purpose, secondary datas are obtained from Hofstede’s work for the cultural dimension of this study. For the entrepreneurship dimension, the necessary datas are obtained from the Global Entrepreneurship Report in 2017. The sample of the research is 56 countries that listed in both Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2017 and Hofsthede’s work. The obtained data were analyzed by regression analysis. It has been found that masculinity, uncertainty avoidance and indulgence has a significant a effect on entrepreneurship.