Hydrologic Assessment to Establish Simulated Rainfalls Used for Surface Erosion Estimations (original) (raw)
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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
The intent of this research is to investigate the rainfall erosion index that has the highest correlation to the surface runoff volume and the amount of soil erosion. In addition, the aim of this research is to determine the effective rainfall erosion index to predict soil erosion based on observations. This research was conducted in a hydrology laboratory by using a rainfall simulator. The three methods that were used for analysing rainfall erosion were the formulas of EI30 by Bols, Utomo, and Lenvain. The result is expected to become a consideration in selecting the model of rainfall erosion index due to the rainfall factor as the input of soil erosion prediction. This research provides a temporary hypothesis for obtaining the value of the rain erosivity index with a different value from previous studies with EI30, which leads to the latest model for estimating and predicting from the Bols equation. Based on this research, the rain erosivity index was obtained with a predicting value and final equation of EI30 = 5.128 x (Rain) 1.26 x (Days) 0.47 x (Maxp) 0.53 x (High) 0.61 with the explained value from research analysis being EI30 = 5.128 x (50.002) 1.35 x (23) 0.47 x (622) 0.53 x (12) 0.61. Analysis was then performed with trial and error, and the conclusion of this research is a high rain erosivity index.
Riscuri şi Catastrofe, 2023
Assessing soil erosion caused by raindrops utilizing the index of erosion through precipitation (R-factor). Soil erosion caused by raindrops is a topic that arouses the interest of researchers at the international level. The negative impact that this meteorological phenomenon has on the edaphic component determines a limited development of the zone or area on which the entire research process takes place. In order to arrive at an analysis consistent with the reality on the ground, many researchers have used an essential indicator, namely, the R-Factor. It highlights the action of the kinetic energy produced by precipitation over a period of time. The purpose of our research is to reveal the degree of soil erosion following raindrops, with the Someșan Plateau situated in NorthWest Romania as a study area. The spatio-temporal analysis consisted in the processing of the ESDAC (European Soil Data Centre) databases that were outlined following the application of the R-factor indicator, on which we applied GIS techniques, in order to finally obtain cartographic material that reveals on the basis of several analysis indices, the degree of soil erosion in a time interval (1970-2018). The notable results that we obtained after processing the data, outline the fact that during the analyzed period a low amount of precipitation is recorded, an aspect that creates a low degree of erosion. Regarding the probability of producing erosion determined by this meteorological phenomenon, the values obtained are reduced far below the normal values of the analyzed indicators, highlighting that the probability of producing a high-risk erosion in the near future is zero.The results of our research, including the entire cartographic material, will be able to be used by the competent authorities (the town hall of Bălan commune, the county councilas) as a basis for spatial development projects
2012
Depending on the amount allowable soil losses can be used to establishstrategies for choosing cultural structures and their relationship, their share in a crop rotation withvery good, good or poor soil protection. Following heavy rains, leaks occur as a rolled canvasspread over the land surface. Following leakage of these processes, with streams of water areentrained soil particles and moved longer distances or smaller. Following this process, after a time,depending on the frequency and duration of heavy rains that generate surface runoff, finally, lead tototal washing humus accumulation horizons and finally reach the parent rock or rock foundation.Under the indirect method (Equation universal erosion of the conditions in Romania) hasdetermined that the surfaces covered with forest, located on a slope of between 5-10% slope andslope length of steepest slope below 100 m, recorded an annual loss of 0.0067 t • ha-1, respectivelyon a slope with the largest slope length greater than 100 ...
Pollack Periodica
The scope of this study is an evaluation of potential soil water erosion using the physically-based erosion model, EROSION-3D. This model is event-based and calculates soil water erosion during an actual measured rainfall event. The calculations of the erosion model take advantage of a digital elevation model, precipitation and soil parameters, which are established in a specific parameter catalogue. The soil water erosion was modeled in two small catchments in the Myjava Hill Land (Slovakia), using 9 soil moisture scenarios and two different crops on arable areas. When considering the last 35 years of rainfall records at the Myjava meteorological station, three storm rainfall events were applied in the modeling. The results were statistically analyzed to figure out the differences between the model's functional possibilities; the modeling under the various scenarios proved a strong interaction between the values of the input factors and the results of the soil erosion.
Introduction Paying attention to the census and information of the rains shows that raining around the world does not have a homogeneous distribution and have temporal and local changes (Alizade, 2004). In studying watershed, dam building, civil and drainage engineering, temporal distribution of rains would be required the way that it would be an important factor to have the temporal distribution of the rain for designing the urban wastewater, controlling the flood and designing the potential for flood or soil erosion. Furthermore, the way of temporal distribution of rain in a specific time during the rain or during a rain generating maximum floods forms an input data of simulating the watershed models (Amin et al., 2000). Estimating the design flood is an important component of hydrological studies about water sources, especially in dam building outlines. The first step in estimating the design flood in a watershed by means of the rain census would be selecting a design rain and th...
Experimental Determination of the Soil Erosion Measures
Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Agriculture, 1970
The paper presents a mobile installation for the assessment of the slope erosion, caused by the water action, under controlled pluviometric rate. The installation can made many pluviometric phenomena (event or regular rain). The erosion assessment is made by the collect and measure of the sediment quantity. Alternately the erosion can be see by the graphics of the soil profile before and after the event. The experimental data there are: dry sediment quantity, wet surface area, delivery water quantity, the time event during, work pressure, soil slope, soil management, soil wet and penetration resistance, before and after the even. Optionally is given the meteorological data. The main result of the experiment is the soil sediment quantity by unit of area and time, which is obtained by the report sediment quantity at to wet area and at to even time. The second important result is a parameter which characterise the rain magnitude, water quantity by the area and time unit. In aim to eros...
Quantification and Evaluation of Water Erosion
Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 2020
The Ziz Watershed is located in the arid zones of South-Eastern Morocco and belongs to the large basin of Ziz-Rheris. In this basin, floods are related to natural factors and mainly to the occupation of the hydraulic public domain and the human intervention on the courses of the rivers. Increases in sediment yield are observed in many places in the Ziz, dramatically affecting water quality and reservoir management. In order to map overland sediment generation and delivery to the stream (studying the service of sediment retention), the InVEST sediment delivery ratio (SDR) model was applied. The sedimentation analysis in the Hassan Dakhil Dam, located in this watershed, shows that there is a very important erosion rate. The proof is the rapid filling of the dam. This is due to the transport of sediments in the rivers. If this situation continues at the current rate, the dam will no longer be fully operational for irrigation by 2050.
Research Square (Research Square), 2023
The state of Jharkhand suffers immensely from water-induced surface erosion causing loss of socioeconomic Jumar watershed of Ranchi district, Jharkhand was selected for a study period of 2020 and 2021 to analyse climate change, seasonal change in quality of water and soil resources, hydro-geomorphometry and land cover land use (LULC) using GIS and multivariate statistics. The water quality analysis revealed the presence of higher content of presence of metals such as Ca, Mg, K, and Na, higher alkalinity, TDS, and turbidity in monsoon and postmonsoon months of 2021. The soil quality analysis showed that the region has excessive carbonate salts with dominant presence of metal such as calcium, magnesium and sodium, disturbing the soil structure and lowering its infiltration capacity, promoting nutrient deficiencies, and leading to possible metal contamination in few years. Lack of vegetation covers adds to surface erosion under high intensity rainfall (1685-2083mm). The correlation analysis was done seasonally for both soil and water quality revealing the strong influence of metal ions with pH, alkalinity, salinity, and TDS, showing a prominent silicate weathering and ion exchange process indicating prominent surface erosion in watershed. The PCA on water and soil quality data showed that salinity, TDS, Alkalinity, Hardness and EC are the principal components. The morphometric study showed that the Jumar watershed has rolling and slightly undulating terrain, with mild slope and dendritic stream pattern of 4 th order stream. Low basin relief and drainage density, compactness constant (0.00192), Ruggedness number (0.0609), and basin relief ratio (0.00552) indicated the dominance of low stream orders (1 st) in the area pointing to low potential energy in surface flow. The hydrological indices indicated that the watershed is low risk of gully formation in lowlands. Through the application of other GIS based rainfall, LULC and spectral indices (NDMI, MSI, SAVI and BSI) it was found that there has been a huge increase in urbanization, barren land, sparse vegetation cover, and immense water stress especially in summer and winter season of 2020 and 2021 in the watershed. The Lack of water conservation and traditional agriculture using agrochemicals is very prominent in the watershed, hence an immediate need for water and soil quality management is required.