The Gut Microbiota (Microbiome) in Cardiovascular Disease and Its Therapeutic Regulation (original) (raw)
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Understanding connections and roles of gut microbiome in cardiovascular diseases
Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 2021
The gut microbiome encompasses trillions of residing microbes, mainly bacteria, which play a crucial role in maintaining the physiological and metabolic health of the host. The gut microbiome has been associated with several diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). A growing body of evidence suggests that an altered gut environment and gut-microbiome-derived metabolites are associated with CVD events. The gut microbiome communicates with host physiology through different mechanisms, including trimethylamine N-oxide generation, primary and secondary bile acid metabolism pathways, and short-chain fatty acids production. The main focus of this review is to understand the association of the gut microbiome with CVD and its implications on the interactions between the gut microbiome and the host. Manipulation of the gut microbiome through specific dietary intervention is a simple approach to identifying novel targets for therapy or better dietary recommendations, and new preventi...
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Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiology, 2018
Cardiovascular disease is the number one killer of death around the world. Most of the cardiovascular diseases are caused by sedentary life style, bad eating habit, tobacco smoking, high alcohol intake, dyslipidemia and genetic factors .Recently the idea of human microbiome science has emerged in diseases pathogenesis .The human gut is a house of trillions of microbial fl oral. Since a couple of decades ago, there has been interesting insights into the human gut microbiota and have highlighted its increasingly association to cardiovascular (CV) and metabolic diseases. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), which is a metabolic product from gut microbiota plays a central role in cardiovascular disease pathogenesis. Nature of microbial inhabitants within the host has been noticed by the numbers of scientists and researchers to understand more about the hidden mechanism of diseases pathogenesis including cardiovascular disease, metabolic and autoimmune diseases and it has become a good hope to develop new drug designs to prevent metabolic and cardiovascular disease in near future.
The Gut Microbiome and Cardiovascular Disease
Cureus, 2021
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is currently the leading cause of death worldwide. Although many well-known conditions cause CVD, recent research has suggested that alterations to the gut microbiome may also promote CVD. The gastrointestinal tract houses trillions of bacteria, some of which in large numbers are considered to be part of a healthy gut microbiome profile. These "good" bacteria have the ability to process and digest complex carbohydrates into short-chain fatty acids (SFCA). These SCFA serve as signaling molecules, immune-modulating molecules, and sources of energy. However, with gut dysbiosis, there is an overgrowth of certain bacteria and these bacteria overly produce phosphatidylcholine, choline, and carnitine into the waste product trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). Elevated TMAO levels are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, thrombosis, and stroke. Therefore, introducing therapeutic interventions that alter a dysbiotic gut profile back to a healthy gut microbiome may be the key to reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease in some conditions. The purpose of this review is to critically examine and consolidate the relevant information bearing on this concept. Our goal is to provide the informational framework for the possible use of microbiome modification as an optional therapeutic modality.
Cardiovascular Research
The human gut microbiota is the microbial ecosystem in the small and large intestines of humans. It has been naturally preserved and evolved to play an important role in the function of the gastrointestinal tract and the physiology of its host, protecting from pathogen colonization, and participating in vitamin synthesis, the functions of the immune system, as well as glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism, among others. Mounting evidence from animal and human studies indicates that the composition and metabolic profiles of the gut microbiota are linked to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, particularly arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure. In this review article, we provide an overview of the function of the human gut microbiota, summarize, and critically address the evidence linking compositional and functional alterations of the gut microbiota with atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease and discuss the potential of strategies for therapeutical...
Effects of Gut Microbiota on Cardiovascular Diseases
Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences
Micro-organisms have always been a part of the ecosystem. In fact, they play a major role in balancing metabolism as they colonize the system. In the past two decades, studies about the human micro biome has been elevating and still continuing as it is perceived as a possible threat to health status or also could be promising and hope filling in novel therapeutics in the mere future. Despite many on-going debates about the relationship of gut bacteria to the physiopathology of cardiovascular diseases, it has been simultaneously established through ample amount of reports and studies conducted both in vivo and in vitro. In this review, we will be stressing on several studies emphasizing on the gut micro biome, their role in influencing the physiopathology of cardiovascular diseases while also reflecting CVD as a global health burden, factors affecting the differences in gut microbiota, gut dysbiosis and its effects on the hosts’ metabolism, the intervention of probiotics in balancing...
The influence of gut microbiota in cardiovascular diseases—a brief review
Porto Biomedical Journal, 2021
Lately, the gut microbiota has emerged as an important mediator of the development and the outcomes of certain diseases. It's well known that the gut microbiota plays an important role in maintaining human health. Still far from being completely understood and analyzed is the complexity of this ecosystem, although a close relationship between the gut microbiota and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has been established. A loss of diversity in the microbiota will lead to physiological changes, which can improve inflammatory or infection states like atherosclerosis and hypertension, the basic pathological process of CVD. Targeting the gut microbiota and its metabolites are new and promising strategies for the treatment and prognosis of CVD.
The human intestines are home to a complex community of bacterial organisms known as the gut microbiome. The composition of the microbiome is susceptible to modifications triggered by environmental factors and lifestyle choices made by the host. The interactions between the gut microbiome and the host have a crucial role in regulating human health and can influence various metabolic pathways, leading to potential health consequences. One such consequence is cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the leading cause of death worldwide.
EBioMedicine
Host-microbiota interactions involving inflammatory and metabolic pathways have been linked to the pathogenesis of multiple immune-mediated diseases and metabolic conditions like diabetes and obesity. Accumulating evidence suggests that alterations in the gut microbiome could play a role in cardiovascular disease. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the interplay between diet, gut microbiota and cardiovascular disease, with emphasis on heart failure and coronary artery disease. Whereas much of the literature has focused on the circulating levels of the diet-and microbiota-dependent metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), several recent sequencing-based studies have demonstrated compositional and functional alterations in the gut microbiomes in both diseases. Some microbiota characteristics are consistent across several study cohorts, such as a decreased abundance of microbes with capacity for producing butyrate. However, the published gut microbiota studies generally lack essential covariates like diet and clinical data, are too small to capture the substantial variation in the gut microbiome, and lack parallel plasma samples, limiting the ability to translate the functional capacity of the gut microbiomes to actual function reflected by circulating microbiota-related metabolites. This review attempts to give directions for future studies in order to demonstrate clinical utility of the gut-heart axis.
Recent advances in modulation of cardiovascular diseases by the gut microbiota
Journal of Human Hypertension
The gut microbiota has recently gained attention due to its association with cardiovascular health, cancers, gastrointestinal disorders, and non-communicable diseases. One critical question is how the composition of the microbiota contributes to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Insightful reviews on the gut microbiota, its metabolites and the mechanisms that underlie its contribution to CVD are limited. Hence, the aim of this review was to describe linkages between the composition of the microbiota and CVD, CVD risk factors such as hypertension, diet, ageing, and sex differences. We have also highlighted potential therapies for improving the composition of the gut microbiota, which may result in better cardiovascular health.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA ON CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW (Atena Editora), 2023
Introduction: The gut microbiota plays a key role in human health, influencing various physiological processes in cardiovascular health. Objective: To analyze the scientific research that investigates the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and cardiovascular health, in particular the existing evidence on how the composition of the intestinal microbiota affects the development of cardiovascular diseases. Methodology: Articles relevant to the work were selected, including clinical trial, meta-analysis, literature review and systematic literature review, through the platform's data base PubMed, using the keywords "Gut microbiota" and "Heart disease". Results: The studies investigated different aspects of the relationship between intestinal microbiota and cardiovascular health, including the influence of intestinal dysbiosis, microbial diversity, metabolites produced by the microbiota and the immunological mechanisms involved. The results suggest that alterations in the composition of the intestinal microbiota may be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension and ischemic heart disease. Conclusion: Based on the integrative literature review, there is growing evidence that the gut microbiota plays a relevant role in cardiovascular health. Understanding the mechanisms involved in this relationship can provide important insights for the development of new therapeutic strategies and interventions based on the modulation of the intestinal microbiota. However, further studies are needed to fully elucidate the underlying mechanisms and establish effective interventions to improve cardiovascular health through manipulation of the gut microbiota.