Hungary and the Hungarians Living Abroad: a Historcical Outline. Regio, 2003. 121-138. p. (original) (raw)
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Overview of Hungarian minority situations
2014
During the last two centuries, the history of Central Europe (the region between Germany and Russia, from Finland to Greece) has been determined basically by the dissolution of empires, the transformation of various peoples into nations, and the aspiration of minority movements to create their own states. In this process, the relationship of Hungary with the neighbouring nations is a history of parallel nation-buildings. The Hungarian minorities of Central Europe, part of Hungarian nation-building before 1918, were caught between these developments. After World War I-since these communities were organised by the idea of national belonging-the minority elites took on the role of minority nation-builders. These are native minority communities that claim the status of a national minority, would like to build and institutionalise their own parallel societies, while in their own countries are considered to be imperial/residual minorities, and as a result their activities regarding self-organisation, maintenance of cultural heritage are considered to raise problems of security.
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Transformations of the ethnic structure in Hungary after the turn of the millennium
The paper studies the changes concerning the ethnic structure of post-socialist Hungary. Based on the data of the 2011 census, the number of the non-Hungarian population has signicantly increased between 2001 and 2011 and so has had the number of those who refused to answer. Behind this phenomenon several reasons can be identied, like the methodical changes in the data collection of the census, migration and subjective factors. Regarding the methodology, double identication in three ethnic categories was allowed in the last census, which resulted in the growing number of respondents who claimed both Hungarian and minority identity. Meanwhile, migration (including cross-border residential mobility) from Romania, Ukraine, Serbia and Slovakia has changed the ethnic landscape. Beyond the above factors, subjective factors have also contributed in the changes. The present paper argues that the self-identication of some minority groups is related to the symbolic ethnicity and the double and hybrid identities, thus the results of the census cannot be interpreted merely by the assimilationist approach.
Hungarian minorities and majority nations in post-communist transition
2016
This paper examines the effects of post-communist transition on the Hungarian minority and majority nation relations in Slovakia from the collapse of Communism until 2006. The frame of the analysis are the triadic nexus and the dual model of ethnopolitics. The minority – titular relations analysed through the focus on how the resource distribution and its changes effects the power struggle between the two actors. It is assumed that the power struggle is fought for the cultural survival on one side and for the strengthening cultural dominance on the other side, as well as gaining as much from the distributable resources as possible. Minor changes in the power structure can be seen on the gains or losses of the minority, while major changes means the change of the ethnopolitical regimes. The main founding of the research is that we can differentiate two periods, in the first the minorities suffer losses, in the second the minorities achieve major gain, however the basic characters did...