Effectiveness and Durability of Transfer Training in Fencing (original) (raw)
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Mechanical and Muscular Coordination Patterns during a High-Level Fencing Assault
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2014
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the coordination of lower limb muscles during a specific fencing gesture in relation to its mechanical effectiveness. Methods: Maximal isokinetic concentric and isometric plantarflexor, dorsiflexor, knee and hip extensor and flexor torques of 10 female elite saber fencers were assessed and compared between both legs. Sabers completed three trials of a specific fencing gesture (i.e., marché-fente) on a 6.60-m-long force platform system. Surface EMG activities of 15 lower limb muscles were recorded in time with ground reaction forces and separated into four distinct assault phases. EMG signals were normalized to the muscle activity assessed during maximal isometric contraction. Mechanical and EMG data were compared between both legs over the entire assault and in each phase (ANOVA). Potential correlations between muscle strength and average EMG activities were tested (Bravais-Pearson coefficient). Results: EMG activity patterns showed that rear hip and knee extensor and plantarflexor muscles were mainly activated during propulsive (concentric) phases, while front hip and knee extensor muscles were strongly solicited during the final braking (eccentric) phase to decelerate the body mass. Although fencers presented greater maximal hip (+10%) and knee (+26%) extensor strength in the front than in the rear leg (P G 0.05), rear hip and knee extensor strength was significantly correlated to the maximal anteroposterior velocity (r = 0.60-0.81). Moreover, muscle activity of the rear extensors was related to average velocity during the second propulsive phase (phase 3). Conclusions: This study gathers the first evidence of a crucial role of the rear extensor muscles in fencing speed performance. Such findings suggest interesting perspectives in the definition of specific training or rehabilitation programs for elite fencers.
Background. The research was devoted to theoretical training based on the stage reached in the basic development in fencing. Analysis of the literature shows that one way to improve the quality of a young fencer's training process is to validate the structure and content of theoretical training and assess the significance of its components to the stage of the fencer's previous basic development in the sport. Problem and aim. The issue of the theoretical training of fencers is only mentioned fragmentally, which points to the absence of any one approach to its realization at different stages of an individual's long-term development. There is a need for a quantitative and qualitative increase in information transfer, and the acquisition of specific quality theoretical knowledge, particularly by using different methods and means of theoretical training.
DO FENCERS REQUIRE A WEAPON-SPECIFIC APPROACH TO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING TRAINING
Do fencers require a weapon-specific approach to strength and conditioning training? J Strength Cond Res 31(6): 1662–1668, 2017—There are 3 types of weapons used in Olympic fencing: the e ´ pé e, foil, and sabre. The aim of this study was to determine if fencers exhibited different physical characteristics across weapons. Seventy-nine male (n = 46) and female (n = 33) national standard fencers took part in this study. Fencers from each weapon (male and female), i.e., e ´ pé e (n = 19 and 10), foil (n = 22 and 14), and sabre (n = 13 and 10), were (mean 6 SD) 15.9 6 0.7 years of age, 178.5 6 7.9 cm tall, 67.4 6 12.2 kg in mass and had 6.3 6 2.3 years fencing experience; all were in regular training (;4 times per week). Results revealed that across all performance tests (lower-body power, reactive strength index, change of direction speed, and repeat lunge ability), there was no significant main effect for weapon in male fencers (p = 0.63) or female fencers (p = 0.232), but a significant main affect for gender (p , 0.001). Pairwise comparisons revealed that male fencers scored better during the countermovement jump, change of direction speed, and repeat lunge ability test (p , 0.001). The former findings may be because of similarities in bout intensity and time, movement types (lunging and changing direction), and the need to execute competition actions as explosively as possible. Based on the findings of the present study, it could be indicated that e ´ pé e, foil, and sabre fencers do not require a weapon-specific approach to strength and conditioning training. Each fencer should target the area they are weakest at, rather than an area that they feel best represents the unique demands of their weapon.
EFFECTS OF A 12-WEEK STRENGTH TRAINING PROGRAM ON EXPERIMENTED FENCERS' MOVEMENT TIME
Redondo, JC, Alonso, CJ, Sedano, S, and de Benito, AM. Effects of a 12-week strength training program on experimented fencers' movement time. J Strength Cond Res 28 (12): 3375-3384, 2014-The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a 12-week strength training program on movement time (MT) on fencers of national level. Twelve male fencers were randomly divided into 2 groups: the control group (CG: N = 6; age, 22.3 6 8.1 years) and the treatment group (TG: N = 6; age, 24.8 6 7.2 years). The CG fencers followed the standard physical conditioning program, which was partially modified for the TG. The TG participated in a 12-week strength training program divided into 2 parts: maximal strength training, including weightlifting exercises (2 days a week for 6 weeks) and explosive strength training, with combined weights and plyometric exercises (2 days a week for 6 weeks). Body mass, body fat, muscle mass, jumping ability, maximal strength, reaction time, and MT were measured on 4 separate occasions. The TG demonstrated significant increases (p # 0.05) in maximal strength and jumping ability after 6 weeks of training and in MT after 12 weeks. These improvements remained unaltered during the 4-week detraining period. It may be concluded that a 12-week strength training program can improve maximal and explosive strength, and these increases can be transferred to MT performance. However, fencers need time to transfer the gains. *Values are given as mean 6 SD. †CG = control group; TG = treatment group; SJ = squat jump; CMJ = countermovement jump; RM = repetition maximum. zp # 0.05. Mean values in the same row for the same variable having the same subscript are significantly different at p # 0.05.
Kinematic determinants of weapon velocity during the fencing lunge in experienced épée fencers
Acta of bioengineering and biomechanics / Wrocław University of Technology, 2013
The lunge is the most common attack in fencing, however there is currently a paucity of published research investigating the kinematics of this movement. The aim of this study was to investigate if kinematics measured during the épée fencing lunge had a significant effect on sword velocity at touch and whether there were any key movement tactics that produced the maximum velocity. Lower extremity kinematic data were obtained from fourteen right handed club épée fencers using a 3D motion capture system as they completed simulated lunges. A forward stepwise multiple linear regression was performed on the data. The overall regression model yielded an Adj R2 of 0.74, p ≤ 0.01. The results show that the rear lower extremity's knee range of motion, peak hip flexion and the fore lower extremity's peak hip flexion all in the sagittal plane were significant predictors of sword velocity. The results indicate that flexion of the rear extremity's knee is an important predictor, sugg...
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of basic fencing and velocity training on reaction time in the 9-12 year-old beginners of fencing. The 45 beginners (17 female, 28 male, total age means: 11.04±0.93years, height means: 142,76 ±10.71 cm, weight means: 39.64 ±10.13 kg) who applied to the Mersin Büyüksehir Municipality Fencing Sports Club (MBMFSC) volunteered to participate in this study. The beginners were randomly divided into three groups; Basic Fencing Group (BFG); Velocity Group (VG); and Control Group (CG). Each group was consisted of 15 children. During the study, BFG participated in a 8-week basic fencing training program (3 days per week, 50 minutes per session). Under the same conditions, velocity training program was performed by VG. The CG did not participate in any of the activities regularly. At the baseline and at the end of 8 week-programs, the lower extremity reaction time of all groups was measured with the Newtest Automatic Performance Analyzer. Re...
Application of Massed Practice Method and Motoric Ability to Fencing Martial Skills
Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Advanced Multidisciplinary Research (ICAMR 2018), 2019
This research provides information about the application of massed practice benefits associated with the motoric ability of the students in the fencing learning process. The purposes of this research are to understand the impacts of application of massed practice for the group of high motoric skills and the group of low motoric skills in fencing martial learning process. This research method is an experimental method with pre-test and post-test randomized two-group design.The number of students that used as the samples is 20 students with simple random sampling technique through the motoric skills test. These samples were divided into 2 groups, the group of high motoric skills and the group of low motoric skills, each of these groups consists of 10 students. The data collecting technique uses motoric skills test (throws at target test, the flexibility of 'togok' and waist test, long jump without prefix test, face down and wake test, push-up test, the agility of run back and forth test) and fencing test. Data analysis technique in this research uses the statistic of t two independent samples test. The results indicate that 1) there is a significant effect of the application of massed practice learning method to the group of high motoric skills towards fencing martial arts skills, with a probability value of 0.000 (p <0.05), 2) there is a significant effect of the application of massed practice learning method to the group of low motoric skills on fencing martial arts skills, with a probability value of 0.001 (p <0.05), 3) there are significant differences effect of the application of massed practice learning methods in the group of low motoric skills with the group of high skills, with a value t-observation is 2.498 with a probability value of 0.022, (p <0.05).
Information Processes, Stimulation and Perceptual Training in Fencing.pdf
other sports with open motor habits are based on perceptual processes involving the senses of vision, touch, and hearing. In fencing, the same stimuli can yield defensive or offensive actions, which are strictly related to the tactics and strategy. Different types of stimulation determine reaction time, movement time, and muscle bioelectric tension (EMG) in fencing. From the training process, controlling the significance of dominant stimuli should be taken into account. The results of presented studies of advanced and novice fencers show that the time of reaction to tactile stimulation is similar or slightly shorter than to acoustic stimuli followed by visual stimuli. The advanced fencers were faster than the novice fencers in all the studied parameters. The EMG signal was significantly lower in case of advanced fencers in all three types of stimulation. This indicates that the psycho-motor superiority of elite fencers results in a reduction of the bioelectrical tension of muscles involved in performing the motor tasks. Perceptual skills enable athletes to respond to important signals in sport competition and ignore disrupting ones which lower the effectiveness of sports combat. Time pressure during sports competition makes it necessary to reduce as much as possible the decision-making time and the time of sensorimotor responses in the motor phase. The results show that experienced athletes make decisions much faster than their novice colleagues. It conforms to the main strategy of perceptual training, (i.e., gaining maximum benefits at the lowest expense). Speed of decision-making is strictly associated with the stimuli detection effectiveness and re-creation of acquired motor patterns.
Validity and Reliability of a New Test of Change of Direction in Fencing Athletes
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
The aim of this study was to validate a new test of change of direction (COD) for fencer athletes and to establish its relationship with selected measures of physical fitness. Thirty-nine fencer athletes participated to this study (age: 20.8 ± 3.0 years). They performed the new specific fencing COD test (SFCODT) on two separate occasions to establish its reliability. In addition, assessment of COD, jumping ability (i.e., squat jump, countermovement jump, five jump test), sprint time (e.g., 5-m, 10-m and 20-m), isokinetic concentric and eccentric quadriceps, and hamstring force tests were assessed. To establish SFCODT’s construct validity, two subgroups were identified based on their international and national fencing results: High- vs. low-ranked fencer athletes. Reliability, validity, and sensitivity of the SFCODT were established from the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), typical error of measurement (TEM), smallest worthwhile change (SWC), and receiving operator character...