Evaluation of Irrigation Water Quality in Gölbaşı District (original) (raw)
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Scientific Research and …, 2011
Low irrigation efficiency, high saline irrigation water, heavy soil texture, lack of adequate field drainage systems may cause soil salinity and drainage problems in irrigated agriculture. The mentioned problems are major treats for the sustainability of irrigated agriculture. This study carried out in 2007 was undertaken in 7,110 ha of area under the directive of Yemisli Irrigation Association (YIA) in Lower Seyhan Plain, on Southern coastal plains in Turkey. Growers in the area use low quality irrigation return flows of upstream areas for irrigation. Irrigation method commonly used in the region is flood irrigation with low field irrigation efficiency. This work examines if using low quality of irrigation water causes drainage and soil salinity problem. For this purpose, a year around survey of 55 groundwater observation wells was carried out. Groundwater depths in the observation wells in February, March, June, July and October were measured. Salinity of the water samples collected from the wells was measured as electrical conductivity (ECw at 25°C). Additionally, soil samples from 0 to 30, 30 to 60 and 60 to 90 cm depths at 34 randomly selected sites were analyzed for soil salinity (ECe at 25°C) and alkalinity (SAR). The mean groundwater depth was the minimum (0.97±0.29 m) in March, before starting of the irrigation season. In October, following completion of the irrigation season, the groundwater depth was the highest (1.59 ± 0.13 m). Groundwater EC, greater than 20 dS m-1 , was noted commonly. In 93% of the study area, ECw was higher than 5 dS m-1. Mean soil salinity ECe was higher below 1 m depth compared with that of surface layers. Likely occurrence of soil alkalinity (that is, sodium effect) was greater in subsoil below 30 cm depth compared with surface layers. The results of the study showed that the soils of the area may become salt or even sodium affected in the future unless the present practice of irrigation management is changed.
Irrigation water salinity and crop production
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Irrigation water quality can have a profound impact on crop production. All irrigation water contains dissolved mineral salts, but the concentration and composition of the dissolved salts vary depending on the source of the irrigation water. For example, snow melt or water supplies from the Sierra Nevada contain very small amounts of salt whereas groundwater or wastewater typically has higher salt levels. Too much salt can reduce or even prohibit crop production while too little salt can reduce water infiltration, which indirectly affects the crop. An understanding of the quality of water used for irrigation and its potential negative impacts on crop growth is essential to avoid problems and to optimize production. For more information on any of the issues found in this publication, please contact your local University of California Cooperative Extension office.
Affect of High Salinity Water on Different Crops at Khanpur Taluka (Gujarat)
2015
Future demands of the world’s limited water resources and the demands to adequately feed expanding population required that irrigation efficiency and crop productivity from irrigated land should be improved. About 75% of India’s population is in villages and most of them depends upon agriculture for their live-hood. Previously, they were depend upon the rain fall for the irrigation purposes, which was quit uncertain. Then they started using underground water of wells, tubewells, ponds, rivers etc. This study has been done in order to find out the means of measuring the amount of different chemicals constituents in different irrigation waters and soil of some villages of Khanpur Taluka, Gujarat (India) to find out the suitability for different crops and their verities
Assessing the Effect of Salinity on an Irrigated Land
Leonardo Journal of …, 2010
A study of the effect of salinity on an irrigated land was carried out at Kofai, Ardo-Kola Local Government of Taraba State. The study area was divided into four (4) units designated as A, B, C and D, each unit was subdivided into five (5) parts, designated as , respectively, made up of twenty (20) soil samples that were collected within the irrigated land for the laboratory analysis of salinity. The parameters analyzed were pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Hydrogen and Aluminum concentration. The results of the soil sample analysis shows that the mean value of pH is 5.99 which indicates that the soil is slightly acidic, the mean value of electrical conductivity (EC) is 0.76 ds/m, Calcium, Magnesium, Aluminum and Hydrogen concentration were obtained to be 11.29, 7.89, 7.98 and 16.88 mg/l respectively, while Sodium and Potassium concentration were obtained to be 0.90 and 0.67 mg/l respectively with Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) of 0.25 mEq/l. From the analysis it indicates that the soil is low in salinity. Similarly for water sample analysis the pH is 7.7 which indicate that the water is slightly alkaline, EC is 0.8 ds/m, calcium and magnesium concentration were 0.48 and 0.35 mg/l, while sodium and potassium were Assessing the Effect of Salinity on an Irrigated Land Buba Apagu ANKIDAWA and Dauda Pius AWHARI 2 0.57 and 0.71 mg/l respectively, with Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) of 0.89 meq/l, which shows that the water sample were found within the safe limit for irrigation. It can be recommended that application of good quality water, choice of salt tolerant crops and gypsum be adopted in the study area.
Impact of agricultural practices on groundwater salinity
Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 1989
The impact of agricultural practices on water quality has been examined predominantly with an emphasis on surface water. Impacts on groundwater, as compared with surface waters, are much more difficult to quantify. This is due to larger travel times to and in groundwaters as compared with surface waters and difficulty in sampling groundwaters properly. Despite these difficulties in quantification, the impacts on ground-and surface waters are equally important. In non-irrigated areas agriculture often leads to increased recharge, sometimes resulting in the leaching of salts from the unsaturated zone into groundwater. In irrigated areas groundwater salinization can result from irrigation with saline water, salt water intrusion owing to pumping of groundwater, downward movement of salts in the unsaturated zone or dissolution of saline minerals, and from the unavoidable concentration of salts owing to plant water uptake. The interrelationship of surface and groundwaters must involve water quality as well as quantity. Optimization of water resources entails consideration of conjunctive use, which in turn requires consideration of water quality in all parts of the system. In this paper examples are given showing how improvements made to reduce river salinity can cause groundwater salinization, which may not represent the optimum management strategy.
Performance of Irrigation Systems under Water Salinity in Wheat Production
Use of saline water in irrigated agriculture, as a means of its disposal, was evaluated on a field experiment that conducted in season (2012/2013) at sites of NRC farm, Nubaria, Behaira Governorate to study the effect of saline water injected rates (0, 15 and 30 %) under surface drip (SD), subsurface drip at 10 (SSD10) and 20 cm (SSD20) at soil depth on vegetative growth, yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of wheat crop (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Gemmaiza 9). The experiment design was randomized complete block in two factors. Results showed that irrigation systems, SSD20, has a promotive effect on the both wheat grain and straw yield, and the percentage of the increase was 6.9 and 5.7 %, respectively as compared with SD irrigation system. While the percentage of the increase was 1.7 and 1.8 % comparing SSD10 with SD irrigation system for grain and straw yield, respectively. According to the saline irrigation water effect, data noticed that increasing water salinity rate associated ...
SUMMARY This study was carried out to determine the effects of different salinity levels in irrigation water for some cotton varieties under Diyarbakır Province of Southeastern Anatolia Region in 2007 using experiments utilizing lysimeter-like drainage type metal containers. Four different salinity levels (T 0 : 0.32 dS/m, T 1 : 5 dS/m, T 2 : 9 dS/m and T 3 : 13 dS/m) and 3 different cotton cultivars (P 1 : Berke, P 2 : Stonville-453 and P 3 : Teks) were utilized during the treatments. The least affected cultivar from the salinity was Berke. Compared to the cultivar of Berke, the seed-cotton yields of Stonville-453 and Teks were less than 8.3 % and 23.1 %, respectively. The values of salinity threshold for irrigation water according to the cotton cultivars were calculated as Ct=4.45 (Berke), Ct=4.32 (Stonville-453) and Ct=3.72 (Teks). The values of salinity threshold for soil were Ct=6.58 (Berke), Ct=7.46 (Stonville-453), Ct=6.84 (Teks). The results showed there is no significant loss on seed-cotton yield when irrigation water salinity of up to the value of 4.45 dS/m was used.
Effect of salinity on quality of various agricultural crops
Plant and Soil, 1985
The effect of salinity on the quality of various agricultural crops has not yet been explored much. This information is very important to Israel due to the increasing use of saline water for irrigation. This paper reports the effect of saline irrigation water on the quality, especially the taste, of several crops. Fruits from a processing tomato cultivar exposed to various degrees of salinity had higher values for total soluble solids (TSS) and acidity than their controls. The yield of fruit after saline water irrigation is lower, but this is offset by the higher fruit quality and its consequent higher value. Melon fruits from plants subjected to saline water scored higher in taste than their controls when the fruits were analyzed fresh. After 3-4 weeks of storage at room temperature, there was no longer any difference in taste. Even though salinity slightly increased the TSS content, this did not correlate with the taste scores. Iceberg lettuce grown with saline water did not significantly differ in taste from its control, even when the sensitive triangle taste test was used. The same was true for peanuts. Thus, for these two crops no advantage of better quality would compensate for possible lower yields. Salinity had little effect on the yield of two varieties of Chinese cabbage, but increased the frequency of tipburn.
Water quality as a limiting factor for irrigated agriculture
2013
Water quality for irrigation is evaluated for specific watercourses in the area of Vojvodina, Serbia. The classifications used to assess the usability of irrigation water of various qualities are the FAO classification, USSL classification, the classification according to Nejgebauer and the chloride classification of irrigation water. An additional assessment of the usability of irrigation water was also used and included determining the value of the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), sodium percentage (SSP), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), residual sodium bi-carbonate (RSBC), magnesium content (MAR), permeability index (PI), and Kelly's ratio (KR). The overall assessment is that water analysed for the irrigation systems cannot be used because of its inappropriate effects on soil salinity. An analysis of the suitability of the phreatic aquifer for irrigation showed its inappropriate characteristics. Only a small number of water samples could be recommended for irrigation.
Optimisation of agricultural water management in arid and semi-arid regions requires the availability of watersalinity crop production functions. A two-year experiment was conducted in the northern Golestan province of Iran to assess the water-salinity production function of wheat. The treatments in the experiment consisted of four levels of irrigation water, i.e. 50 (W1), 75 (W2), 100 (W3) and 125 (W4) % of crop water requirement, and four levels of water salinity, respectively 1.5 (S1), 8.5 (S2), 11.5 (S3) and 14.2 (S4) dS m À1 . The plots were arranged in a randomised complete block design with three replications and water quantity as main plot treatment and water quality as subplot treatment. The data were analysed using linear, quadratic, Cobb-Douglas and transcendental functions, complemented with an economic analysis. The results indicate that for the given climate-soil conditions, transcendental functions best predict wheat yield under both water and salinity stress conditions. Yield reduction caused by a unit increase of matric potential is found to be larger than that caused by a unit increase of osmotic potential. The marginal rate of technical substitution indicates that each one of the two factors studied, namely soil salinity and water supply, can be substituted with the other in a wide range in order to achieve equal amount of yield.