Compost (Biodegradable Waste Management Methods) as a Means of Sustainable Agriculture in North-Eastern Region of India (original) (raw)
Related papers
Agronomy
Composting has become a preferable option to treat organic wastes to obtain a final stable sanitized product that can be used as an organic amendment. From home composting to big municipal waste treatment plants, composting is one of the few technologies that can be practically implemented at any scale. This review explores some of the essential issues in the field of composting/compost research: on one hand, the main parameters related to composting performance are compiled, with especial emphasis on the maturity and stability of compost; on the other hand, the main rules of applying compost on crops and other applications are explored in detail, including all the effects that compost can have on agricultural land. Especial attention is paid to aspects such as the improvement of the fertility of soils once compost is applied, the suppressor effect of compost and some negative experiences of massive compost application.
Status of compost usage and its performance on vegetable production in monga areas of Bangladesh
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 4 (2): 22-28, 2014
The present study was carried out to assess the existing status of compost usage on vegetable production and determine the overall effect of household waste compost (HWC) on growth and yield of vegetables and enhancement of soil fertility in the monga areas of Bangladesh. A field survey was conducted on 152 sampled farmers during 2010 to 2011. Questionnaire containing both closed and open-ended questions were used to assess existing production practices of vegetables using compost in both homestead and field conditions. Three field trials at Badargonj and Kawnia upazilas of Rangpur district were conducted taking four treatments i.e. control, recommended doses (RD) of fertilizers, HWC at the rate of 10 tha -1 , and HWC 10 t ha -1 plus RD as IPNS based with Lal shak, Palong shak, Pui shak and Tomato. Base line survey results indicated inadequate knowledge of the farmers on use and preparation of the household waste compost. Yield data of all vegetables i.e. Tomato, Lal shak, Palong shak and Pui shak indicated that the combined application of nutrients using organic and inorganic sources were significantly better than that of solitary application of inorganic fertilizers. The potential of household waste compost applied @ 10 t ha -1 along with inorganic fertilizers applied was found highly satisfactory in producing Tomato, where yield was recorded 75 t ha -1 in the study area. The fresh yield of Palong shak was found 16 t ha -1 when recommended doses of inorganic fertilizers were applied, but it was about 19 t ha -1 under combined application of HWC @ 10 t ha -1 and inorganic fertilizers following IPNS concept. The fresh yield of Pui shak was found about 49 t ha -1 under combined application of organic and inorganic nutrients. Considering the availability and costs of different composts, it is evinced that HWC contained good amount of NPK which indicates its potentiality to be used as a soil amendment, improving soil fertility and crop productivity. It can be an alternative to chemical fertilizer to increase soil microbial populations and enzyme activities and to promote the soil nutrient for horticultural crops in the unfertile areas especially in the monga areas of Bangladesh.
Composting: A Sustainable Route for Processing of Biodegradable Waste in India
2020
Surging populations, coupled with the ever-increasing demand for sustenance, have led to the generation of behemoth proportions of wastes throughout the globe. The processing of such a considerable amount of waste has raised concerns for environmental planners, policymakers, and researchers in regard to maintaining sustainability. Biodegradable waste is a part of the total waste stream. Consideration should be given to the importance of making better use of biodegradable waste. The technology that is adopted for the management of biodegradable waste should be ecologically sustainable and cost-effective, as well as beneficial to social well-being. The most efficient way of managing biodegradable waste must include different methods for the optimal utilisation of such waste, ranging from the small scale (single household) to the very large scale (entire city). Amid all the other waste processing technologies, composting stands out as a most potent option because of its ability to main...
Composting : A Green Technique to Prevent Environmental Pollution
2021
In order to fulfill the increasing demands of the teaming millions for food security, the reckless use of synthetic fertilizers and frequent burning of agricultural wastes (stubble) has also increased. The repercussions of these anthropogenic activities are pollution of soil, water and air, which has simultaneously culminated into health issues. Although, agriculture alone contributes to 17–18% of Indian GDP but also, generates 350 million tonnes of waste every year. Crop waste (stubble) burning releases several noxious gases (CO2, CH4, NO and SO2) and particulate matter that pollute the environment. Composting of agriculture waste and organic farming are eco-friendly, feasible, cost-effective, economical, green-techniques which ensures better yields and sustainable agriculture without harming the humans, livestock and the environment. This review discourages the use of chemical fertilizers and stubble burning and encourages composting of food and agriculture and agro-industrial was...
Composting: The way for a sustainable agriculture
Applied Soil Ecology, 2018
Compost, as stabilized organic matter, can be virtuously used for the recovery of degraded soils and their fertility restoring, carbon sequestration in the soil and the reduction in the use of chemical inputs (fertilizers, pesticides, fuel) resulting in the decrease of production costs and negative environmental impacts. Additionally, compost can be successfully used in other productive (nursery) and landscape-environmental-hobby activities (green areas, recovery of waste dumps, gardening, etc.). Choosing the most appropriate composting technology depends on some farm evaluations (volumes of materials to be composted, matrixes type and their supply places, machinery/facilities already present in the farm) and preliminary analyses of environmental and economic sustainability to be performed by means of methodologies such as Life Cycle Assessment, Life Cycle Costing and Energy Analysis. This article briefly describes the on-farm composting technologies, available today, and reports the results of the environmental, energy and economic sustainability analysis of 5 composting plants using different composting technologies and starting matrices (bulking agents and compostable materials). These plants were built within some National and European researches and transfer projects in Basilicata and Campania regions. Generally, on-farm composting resulted as a strategic technology for the sustainability of agricultural activities that can thus solve critical issues such as the disposal of crop residues and livestock wastes. From our results, obtained under different logistic and farming conditions, on-farm composting seems to be the most sustainable solutionfrom economic and environmental point of viewsif compared to the ordinary agricultural waste disposal methods. In perspective, it is recommended the creation of wide farm networks for the optimization of all steps of the composting chain.
Experiences of Compost Use in Agriculture and in Land Reclamation Projects
The Science of Composting, 1996
Numerous agronomic experiments were set up in fruit and vine growing, using both MSW compost (municipal solid waste not source separated) and BS compost (barks and sewage sludges). Both materials were compared with cattle manure in the field; in planting hole with peat; in mulches with usual under-plant soil management techniques. Campost affected soil porosity, softness, waterholding capacity, and availability of nutritive elements in a positive way. Campost generally improved plants themselves, positively influenced the growth of young apple-trees and vine cuttings, prevented weed development and supported an earlier production in young plants. In some trials with MSW compost, increased heavy meta! content in the soil was observed. but that did not happen with BS compost. The BS compost proved a valid alternative to the soil and organic soil conditioners on the market in the recovery of degraded areas too. In the experiments, compost secured a rapid emergence and regular growth of herbaceaus species covering degraded areas. Establishment of a grass sward allowed soil consolidation, reducing soil erosion. The thoroughly environmental safety of tested compost was proved: leaching water and soil tests showed no sign of pollution or eutrophication. M. de Bertoldi et al. (eds.), The Science of Composting
Agricultural valorization of composts produced by recycling organic waste
Purpose This paper investigates the composting recovery of different bio-wastes and the use of the composts produced as soil fertilizer and organic amendment. Method A composting process was carried out for 111 days using different organic wastes (fruits, vegetables, olive pomace, poultry, and cattle manure). The physicochemical properties of the generated compost were determined. The quality of the compost produced was evaluated by measuring pH, carbon/nitrogen (C/N), dry matter, and organic matter. A phytotoxicity test (germination test) was conducted to complete the analysis. Results The results of the physicochemical properties complied with AFNOR standards. The pH ranged between 7.3 and 8.7. The C/N ratio was between 10.05 and 18.46, and organic matter content varied between 33.6 and 72.7%. The phytotoxicity test showed that the safety of compost as a soil amendment is related to the applied dose and the type of crop. Conclusion The physicochemical parameters and phytotoxicity test showed that the compost obtained can be used as organic fertilizer due to its organic matter content and mineral elements.
Composting Constraints and Prospects in Bangladesh: A Review
Composting is a suitable environment-friendly technique to modify organic waste to organic fertilizers and works as soil conditioners by regulating different biological processes. The main objective of a sustainable agricultural production system can be achieved by using quality compost and thereby improving soil health and increased crop yield. This desktop research summarizes the role of composting for sustainable agricultural development with their prospective role, opportunities, and challenges in the context of Bangladesh. Some attention is also given to the composting process and compost industries in Bangladesh. Benefits and constraints regarding the use of compost for achieving sustainable agricultural production systems are also discussed.
Way of compost application for organic farming
SAARC Journal of Agriculture, 2019
Application of composts is an alternative of synthetic agrochemicals for eco-friendly farming. Work is limited on the effective and economic way of compost application in Bangladesh. A study was done at the Field Science Center, Saga University, Japan with green tea waste – rice bran compost (GRC) application. Radish (Raphanus sativus L.), spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and komatsuna (Brassica rapa var. pervidis) were used as test plants. GRC was applied at 1.0 kg m-2 by mulching on soil after seeding. It enhanced seed germination, seedling growth and improved crop yield of spinach and radish grown in a controlled condition. Among the two application methods, post-sowing mulching (PSM) reduced water loss from upper soil surface, thus enhanced seed germination and better growth compared to pre-sowing incorporation (PSI) system. This study also suggests that improper compost incorporation to soil may impair seed germination, seedling growth and likely crop yield. SAARC J. Agri., 17(1)...