Recent advancement of frozen semen technology in India (original) (raw)
Related papers
Sexed semen technology in cattle: A revolutionary technique in Indian dairy industry
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 2019
Desired sex either female or male which is produce from semen having X or Y bearing sperm is known as sexed semen. Sexed semen increase the genetic progress in a herd by increases the number of superior heifers and good male germplasm from elite bulls which is used for future breeding programme. Various methods are developed based on density gradient centrifugation or swim-up, sex specific antibodies, free flow electrophoresis and flow cytometry that efficiently separate bovine semen into fractions containing higher concentrations of X or Y chromosome bearing sperm. Flow cytometry is the only proven method for semen sexing to be commercially viable more than 90% accuracy to produce calves of desirable sex. Other methods for sex sorting of sperm (Albumin Gradient/ Percoll gradient/ Gradient swim down, Centrifugal counter current distribution, Free flow electrophoresis, Identification of H-Y antigen, Genetic approaches etc.) have also emerged though these techniques further needs fine tuning for commercial viability. This paper aimed to review the sexed semen methodology, utility of sex sorted semen, benefits and limitation of sex sorted semen.
Sperm Sexing and its Application in Livestock Sector
2018
Livestock farmers always have a wish for producing young ones of desired sex, to meet the increasing demand of meat & milk which ultimately leads to economical benefit to farmers. Sexual pre-selection plays an important economic role in animal production industries. In past, various techniques have been used to separate the X and Y sperm which were based on principle of difference in mass, size, swimming pattern, immunological structure and surface charges etc. Some of them showed the encouraging results but lacking scientific validation and some remained yet to be established. But at present only one, flow cytometery, is effective. This process consistently results in semen sorted with 90% of the desired sex. However, while the accuracy is great, the speed and yield of the process is slow and low. In addition, the equipment is extremely expensive and specially trained technicians are needed to assure sorting accuracy. Despite these limitations, production of sexed semen usually followed by cryopreservation for AI is being used commercially for cattle production.
Livestock Research for Rural Development
The present investigation was aimed at evaluating the bulls and their semen from production to insemination in a routine artificial insemination (AI) programme in Bangladesh. Five crossbred bulls were examined for breeding soundness and their semen was preserved and evaluated with respect to sperm motility, and proportion of spermatozoa with normal acrosome, midpiece and tail. Semen was sampled immediately after collection, pre-diluted, cooling down to +4 0 C, and storage at -196 0 C for 1 day, 7 days and 3 months in Central Cattle Breeding Station (CCBS). Semen was transported from CCBS to District AI centre at Mymensingh, and then samples were collected after 7 days, 3 months and immediately before insemination. From the District AI centre, semen was transported to the Sub-centre, Fulbaria and sampled there within 7 days after transportation and immediately before insemination.
Minimum Number of Sex-Sorted Frozen Sperm per dose in Sahiwal (Bos indicus) Cattle
Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2016
The aim of this study was to determine the minimum number of sex-sorted frozen sperm required for reasonable pregnancies in Sahiwal cow and heifers. Ejaculates from six Sahiwal bulls were processed according to Beltsville sperm sorting technology using a high speed cell sorter and sorted sperm were packaged in 0.25 ml straws with 1.5 million sperm per straw. Non-synchronized Sahiwal heifers (n= 82) and cow (n= 67) were inseminated with unsexed frozen semen (20 million) and sex-sorted frozen semen with 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 million sperm per dose. Significantly (P < 0.05) lower pregnancy rate was recorded at 1.5 million (25.3%) and 3.0 million (32.5%) sperm compared to unsexed semen (45.4%) and sexed semen of 4.5 million (60%) sperm. No significant difference was found between sexed semen of 4.5 million sperm and unsexed semen. Pregnancy rates of 1.5 and 3 million sexed sperm were 56% and 72% of unsexed semen, respectively. Significantly (P < 0.05) lower pregnancy rates were observed in sorted X-semen (31.32%) and Y-semen (27.30%) compared to unsexed semen (45.40%). Pregnancy rates were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by the sire. The present work indicates that sexed semen as low as 3 million represents an optimal insemination dose and can be used to achieve reasonable pregnancy rates in Sahiwal cattle.
Application of sexed semen technology to in vitro embryo production in cattle
Theriogenology, 2006
Use of sexed semen in conjunction with in vitro embryo production is a potentially efficient means of obtaining offspring of predetermined sex. For thousands of years, livestock owners have desired a methodology to predetermine the sex of offspring for their herds. The ability to sort individual sperm cells into viable X-and Y-chromosome-bearing fractions made producers' sex selection dreams reality in the 1990s and now semen can be sexed with greater than 90% accuracy with use of a flow cytometric cell sorter. Several concerns regarding the implementation of sexed semen technology include the apparent lower fertility of sorted sperm, the lower survival of sorted sperm after cryopreservation and the reduced number of sperm that could be separated in a specified time period. These issues are discussed in this review. There are also a number of issues that appear to influence the success rates of using sexed semen to produce bovine embryos in vitro. These issues include reductions in fertilization rates, lower cleavage rates, blastocyst rates and pregnancy rates, partial capacitation of the sperm, dilute sperm samples and sire variation. These subjects are also addressed in this paper. Finally, we will describe a recent field trial in which female Holstein embryos produced using the combined technologies of sex-selected semen and microfluidics were transferred either as single or bilateral twin embryos into beef cattle recipients, demonstrating these technol-ogies' contributions to viable embryo production. The results indicate that large-scale transfer of in vitro produced, Holstein heifer embryos to beef recipients is a feasible production scheme.
Current status, scope and constraints of sexed semen - An Indian perspective
Agricultural Reviews, 2016
The aim of sexed semen is to produce a calf of a specific sex. The use of sexed semen increases the rate of genetic gain not only from the daughter-dam path but also through production of superior male from elite cows for future breeding. Gender selection using sexed semen from genetically elite bulls is imperative to meet the projected demand of 191.3 million tones of milk by 2020 in the country. The demand of sex semen in dairy cattle is also increasing in order to dispose the large number of unproductive males, to ensure required number of progenies per bull under progeny testing programme and to reduce the replacement cost on heifers. In India, this technique is gradually been adopted by many states like Punjab, Haryana, West Bengal, Kerala etc. However, high cost and lower fertility limits its wider use across the country. Furthermore, there is need to standardize the lower dosage of spermatozoa, site of deposition for AI with good conception rate in Indian conditions. Optimal use of sexing technology also requires excellent and careful animal management (nutrition, disease control, estrus detection, semen handling, and insemination technique) for obtaining higher efficiency. More research needs to be carried out to make it feasible in order to extend this technique in our country.
Investigation of the Effects of Storage Period for Frozen Bull Semen on In Vitro Embryo Production
2019
WOS: 000455022100017The aim of this study was to investigate some spermatological parameters of frozen Brown Swiss bull semen 32 years ago by flow cytometry and to determine how storage time in liquid nitrogen affects in vitro embryo production ratios. For this purpose, early necrotic, necrotic, viable and apoptotic spermatozoa concentrations were analyzed using the Flow Cytometry and then the in vitro fertilization abilities of these sperms were investigated. AnnexinV/PI-FITC (R) was used to determine the apoptotic changes with flow cytometric analysis. Oocytes were obtained from slaughtered cows in a local abattoir. Brown Swiss semen, frozen in the last two years, were used for the control group. Early necrotic spermatozoa levels in semen frozen 32 years ago were lower but necrotic spermatozoa levels were higher than in the control group, but the opposite result was encountered in the control group (P<0.01) according to flow cytometry findings. The cleavage ratio in vintage spe...
Quality of frozen semen of Brahman bulls used for routine artificial insemination in Bangladesh
Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine
Background: Semen must be of good quality to achieve satisfactory conception rate in any artificial insemination (AI) programme. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the quality of frozen semen of Brahman bulls and compare the same semen derived from different sources. Methods: Fifteen frozen semen straws of Brahman bulls derived from 3 different sources (5 straws from each source) were evaluated with respect to volume, motility, concentration of spermatozoa and morphology of spermatozoa. Volume of semen was determined by micropipette, concentration was evaluated by haemocytometer technique, motility and progressive motility were evaluated by computer assisted sperm analyser (CASA), spermatozoa with normal acrosome, midpiece and tail were evaluated in formol-saline fixed semen and spermatozoa with normal head morphology were evaluated by Farley staining technique. Moreover, presence or absence of bacteria in semen was evaluated by Gram’s staining technique. Results: ...
2018
This study was undertaken to study the AI conception rate using frozen semen at field level. Five farms in Mymensingh, Bangladesh were selected for AI Trial in field ewes. Four rams were selected for semen collection, evaluation, and frozen semen production and further to study conception rate followed by intracervical AI in both natural and synchronized ewes. Conception rate were confirmed by non-returned rate and ultrasound scanning at 30-40 days of post insemination. The volume, colour, mass activity, sperm motility, viability, concentration, HOST +ve (%) and normal spermatozoa percentages were 0.8±0.3 ml, 3.9±0.3, 4.4±0.6, 81.3±5.0%, 90.0±4.0%, 3519.0±545.6×106/ml, 87.4±3.3% and 85.6±1.8%, respectively. The sperm concentration of ram R#6 was significantly higher (P<0.05) (4120.5±93.5×106/ml) compared with other rams. The mean motility and viability of pre-dilution, 120 minutes of addition of Part-A, 240 minutes of addition of Part-B and post-thaw were (83.8±4.8%, 81.3±2.5%, 80.0±4.1% and 41.3±9.5%) and (93.3±1.0%, 90.0±1.4%, 88.8±1.0% and 58.3±8.7%), respectively. There were no significant difference (P˃0.05) between pre-dilution and post-dilution sperm motility and viability percentage however, post-thaw sperm motility and viability significantly (P<0.05) decreased compare with the motility and viability of pre-dilution and post-dilution values. Motility and viability percentages of frozen semen did not decrease significantly (P> 0.05) with the increase of preservation time. The mean motility and viability at 24 hrs, day 7, day 15 and day 30 were 41.3±9.5%, 41.5±8.5%, 41.8±9.9% and 40.5±10.2%; and 59.0±10.1%, 58.5±7.7%, 59.0±8.8% and 57.8±8.3%, respectively. The conception rates in natural and synchronized estrous were 26.7% and 25%, respectively. There was no significant difference in conception rates between the natural and synchronized oestrous in field level. However, the present non-return rate and conception rate indicate the suitability of produced frozen semen application in the field level.