Ovaries and testes of Lithobius forficatus (Myriapoda, Chilopoda) react differently to the presence of cadmium in the environment (original) (raw)
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Fresenius Environmental Bulletin
The effects of acute (96 hours) and a sub-chronic (16 days) exposure to 1 ppb of cadmium chloride (the concentration considered environmentally safe by the Brazilian Environmental Council - CONAMA) on the morphology of the gonads of North American bullfrog tadpoles (Gosner stage 25), Lithobates catesbeianus, were investigated. Animals were randomly divided into two experimental groups: control group (C, n = 12) and cadmium exposed groups (E, n = 12) in three replicates for each exposure time. The gonads were dissected and processed to routine light microscopy. The results showed that in both sexes, the control groups showed typical gonadal morphology for the developmental stage analyzed, as described in the literature. However, tadpoles of exposed groups presented marked changes on gonadal morphology, when compared with their respective controls. When the exposure occurred over a shorter time, cadmium chloride caused an acceleration of early gametogenesis, probably due to an inducti...
Effects of cadmium exposure on testis apoptosis in the marine teleost Gobius niger
General and Comparative Endocrinology, 2005
It is known that heavy metals can accumulate in tissues during aquatic organism growth (bioaccumulation) and often biomagnify up the food chain interfering with the health and reproduction of both wildlife and humans. Recently, cadmium (Cd) was included in the endocrine disruptors list, exerting its eVect on gametes quality and reproductive functions; in addition, its role as apoptotic factor was evidenced in diVerent cell types and tissues. In the present study, the eVects of two diVerent Cd doses on testis and liver of the black goby Gobius niger were analyzed. Cd concentration in the water and its uptake by the gills were measured by diVerential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. Toxic, apoptotic, and stressor Cd eVects were analyzed using metallothionein (MTT), caspase 3 and heath shock protein 70 (HSP70), respectively, as bioindicators. The results of the present study suggested that, in the gills, the saturation of all speciWc metal sites was reached only with the highest Cd dose exposure. Either testis and liver showed an increase of MTT gene expression and protein synthesis in addition to HSP70 gene expression, related with Cd concentration in the water indicating that both tissues were aVected by Cd exposure. In conclusion, the present study, not only shows the toxic eVect of Cd on hepatic tissue, but also indicates its potency as apoptotic factor in the testis. This is supported by the increase of caspase 3 gene expression and the presence of its active form in testis of exposed Wsh.
Histopathological and biological studies of the effect of cadmium on Rhinella arenarum gonads
Tissue and Cell, 2012
This study was to determine the lethal dose 50 (LD(50)) of CdCl(2) in adult Rhinella arenarum and analyzed the effect of two sublethal doses (0.5 and 5 mg/kg) of the xenobiotic in gonads. The 48 h LD(50) were 50.0 and 49.8 mg/kg for males and females respectively. Alterations in the ovary were evidenced by nuclear pleomorphism and cytoplasmic vacuolization of the oocytes at the early stages of development with the highest dose and an increase in the population of atretic oocytes. In the interstitial tissue we noticed congestion, edema and fibroblast proliferation. The nuclear maturation of the oocytes was affected by the xenobiotic in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In males, treatment with 5 mg/kg of cadmium (Cd) caused a decrease in the concentration, viability and straight progressive motility of sperm while there was an increase in immotile sperm. Testis histopathology revealed dilated seminiferous tubules, disappearance of cysts, tissue disorganization and leukocyte infiltration. Numerous germ cells showed hydropic tumefaction or signs of focal necrosis. The Cd content in animals intoxicated gonads with the highest sublethal dose was significantly higher than in the control. Results indicate that R. arenarum gonads are target for the xenobiotic, compromising the formation of gametes competent for fertilization, the effective CdCl(2) dose being 5 mg/kg.
Cadmium impairment of reproduction in the female wall lizardPodarcis sicula
Environmental Toxicology, 2011
The exposure to environmental toxicants such cadmium (Cd) is an important research area in wildlife protection. In this study, the effect of Cd oral administration on the ovarian structure and function and on reproductive performance of the Italian wall lizard Podarcis sicula was studied. In vivo, adult female lizards were randomly assigned to three groups. Cd was given with food in single dose and in multiple doses 3 days/week for 4 weeks at dose of 1.0 lg/g body weight. Following euthanasia, the ovaries were removed and analyzed for morpho-functional changes. Results demonstrated that Cd increases prefollicular germ cells number; the evaluation of the number of follicles detects significantly higher number of atretic growing follicles, whereas primary follicles remain unchanged with respect to controls. After Cd treatments, follicles are deformed by the presence of large protrusions and a general dysregulation in the follicle organization is observed. The zona pellucida is also affected. Cd causes alteration in sugar metabolism and in metallothionein gene expression. Finally, Cd administration significantly reduces clutch size and dramatically increases embryo mortality. In conclusion, data here described show that Cd induces morpho-functional alterations in lizard follicles and indicates that these are responsible for a significant impairment of oogenesis. The effects of the dose are time independent, persisting essentially unchanged regardless of single or multiple administration, so it can be concluded that even occasional, sublethal Cd contamination may significantly impair reproductive performance in these animals.
Inhibition of Ovarian Growth by Cadmium in the Fiddler Crab, Uca pugilator (Decapoda, Ocypodidae)
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2000
The e4ect of cadmium chloride (1 mg/L) on oocyte growth of the 5ddler crab, Uca pugilator, was studied during the slow vitellogenesis phase of ovarian maturation of this carb. In vivo experiments were done with both intact and eyestalkless crabs. The intact cadmium-exposed crabs exhibited a signi5cantly lower oocyte diameter than the controls at the end of the 2-week exposure period, but no signi5cant di4erences were detected among the eyestalkless crabs, suggesting that the e4ect of cadmium could be on the sinus gland in the eyestalks, increasing secretion of the gonad-inhibiting hormone (GIH). To test this hypothesis, in vitro experiments were done, incubating pieces of ovary with and without eyestalk tissue, in the presence of thoracic ganglion, needed for oocyte growing due to the secretion of the gonad-stimulating hormone (GSH). Only when eyestalk tissue was present in the incubation media was oocyte growth inhibited by cadmium compared to the controls. These results strongly suggest that cadmium acts at least in part to increase the secretion of GIH from the sinus gland. GIH could then in turn act by (a) inhibiting secretion of GSH by the thoracic ganglion, (b) directly inhibit the oocytes, or (c) both (a) and (b).
In situ endocrine disrupting effects of cadmium on the reproduction of Ruditapes decussatus
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, 2007
The gulf of Gabès is well known for its multiple contaminations which are closely associated with the past and present industrial and anthropogenic activity. In order to evaluate in situ the cadmium bioaccumulation in the clam Ruditapes decussatus sampled in this area, we measured cadmium concentrations in the whole soft tissues and in the digestive gland during one year. Energy reserves (proteins, glycogen, lipids) were monitored during gametogenesis in the remainder (mantle, adductor muscle, foot, siphons) of clams. Sex steroids (progesterone, testosterone, estradiol-17β) were also measured by radio-immunoassay (RIA) in the gonads. The results showed that cadmium varied according to the reproductive cycle. High values were recorded at the resting stage in both sexes, during the gamete development and maturation in males and at the ripening and partially spawn stages in females. No significant changes in protein levels were observed in both females and males. However, high levels of glycogen and lipid reserves were recorded during the gametogenesis activity (from the development to the partially spawn stages). For steroid analyses, the results showed no important changes in testosterone levels all along the reproductive cycle. Fluctuations of sex steroids (especially progesterone and estradiol-17β) could suggest their possible role as endogenous modulators of gametogenesis in R. decussatus. Correlation matrix and multiple regression models were also proposed to describe negative and significant relationship between cadmium and (glycogen, progesterone, testosterone and estradiol-17β). These correlations may suggest the involvement of cadmium in the dysfunction of energy status and the endocrine disruption which could impede reproduction.
International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2019
The study was aimed to investigate the effect of cadmium on the gonad in female fresh water bivalve mollusks, Lamellidens marginalis. The experiment was carried out on the bivalves collected from Kutluq Lake, Daultabad, district Aurangabad of Maharashtra, India from January 2018 to December 2018. The histolopathological findings include partial disruption of ovarian follicle, vacuolation of germinal cells cytoplas m and damaged inter follicular connective tissue. The cytomorphological structure of ovarian follicles got deformed and elongated, losing their typical configuration. Necrosis and fibrosis in the connective tissue and damage to yolk vesicles of maturing sites were observed.
Cadmium impairment of reproduction in the female wall lizard Podarcis sicula
Environmental Toxicology, 2011
The exposure to environmental toxicants such cadmium (Cd) is an important research area in wildlife protection. In this study, the effect of Cd oral administration on the ovarian structure and function and on reproductive performance of the Italian wall lizard Podarcis sicula was studied. In vivo, adult female lizards were randomly assigned to three groups. Cd was given with food in single dose and in multiple doses 3 days/week for 4 weeks at dose of 1.0 lg/g body weight. Following euthanasia, the ovaries were removed and analyzed for morpho-functional changes. Results demonstrated that Cd increases prefollicular germ cells number; the evaluation of the number of follicles detects significantly higher number of atretic growing follicles, whereas primary follicles remain unchanged with respect to controls. After Cd treatments, follicles are deformed by the presence of large protrusions and a general dysregulation in the follicle organization is observed. The zona pellucida is also affected. Cd causes alteration in sugar metabolism and in metallothionein gene expression. Finally, Cd administration significantly reduces clutch size and dramatically increases embryo mortality. In conclusion, data here described show that Cd induces morpho-functional alterations in lizard follicles and indicates that these are responsible for a significant impairment of oogenesis. The effects of the dose are time independent, persisting essentially unchanged regardless of single or multiple administration, so it can be concluded that even occasional, sublethal Cd contamination may significantly impair reproductive performance in these animals. # 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 28: 553-562, 2013.
Evolution of cadmium effects in the testis and sperm of the tropical fish Gymnotus carapo
Tissue & cell, 2015
The present study investigated the testis and sperm morphology of the tropical fish Gymnotus carapo after exposure to increasing CdCl2 concentrations (5-40μM) for 24 and 96h. The treatments induced Cd accumulation in the testis and a decrease in the gonadosomatic index from a 10μM. Cd induced alterations in testis since 24h; however the extension and severity of damages increased after 96h in all tested concentrations. Marked variations in the cysts size, proliferation of the interstitial tissue, infiltration of inflammatory cells, necrosis, reduction of germ cells and sperm aggregation was observed in 96h treated fishes. In this time, there was a complete absence of germ cells in the testis of fish treated with 40μM. The ultrastructural analysis allowed for the visualization of the initial damages over germ cells, such as the presence of vacuoles in the cytoplasm of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids. Exposed fish (20μM for 24 and 96h) had alterations in sperm number and ...