Theoretical Framework of Balanced Semi-Presidentialism , Its Institutioanal Risks / Positives and Prospects for Reformation in Ukraine (original) (raw)
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Lytvyn V. Theoretical Framework of Balanced Semi-Presidentialism, its Institutional Risks/Positives and Prospects for Reformation in Ukraine / Vitaliy Lytvyn // Studium Europy Srodkowej i Wschodniej: Wydawnictwo Wyzszej Szkoly Gospodarki Krajowej w Kutnie. – 2015. – Nr. 4. – S. 258–273., 2015
The article is dedicated to analysing the features of balanced semi-presidentialism compared to other types of semi-presidentialism constitutional system of government. The author outlined theoretical features, institutional risks and positives of balanced semi-presidentialism at the example and experience of different countries and singled the history of formation and prospects for reformation of balanced semi-presidentialism in Ukraine. Keywords: semi-presidentialism, dual executive, president, prime minister, government, parliament, balanced semi-presidentialism, Ukraine.
Lytvyn V. Theory and Typology, Challenges and Consequences of Semi-Presidentialism Within Republican Form of Government and Prospects for its Reformation in Ukraine // The Annals of the University of Bucharest: Political Science Series. – 2016. – Vol. 18. – No. 1. – P. 35–65., 2016
The article is dedicated to theoretical, methodological and empirical analysis of the essence, nature and types, constitutional and political challenges and consequences of different republican systems of government. Special attention is paid to theoretical and empirical comparative analysis of semi-presidentialism. The author singles out different varieties of semi-presidential system of government and identifies the examples of different types of semi-presidentialism in the world. The researcher uses several approaches to the classification of semi-presidentialism: formal, factual and both formal and factual. The usage of different types of semi-presidentialism is tested within the parameters of their performance, including the indicators of political rights and civil liberties, governance effectiveness and human development. On this basis, the researcher builds a synthetic model of semi-presidentialism, which is the sum of various interinstitutional relations, each of which has a decisive role in assessing the quality and efficiency of semi-presidentialism. This author applies the model on Ukraine in 1991-2015 and stresses that the Ukrainian semi-presidentialism is extremely unstable that is manifested in frequent changes of its designs and types. In addition, the researcher pays special attention to the prospects of semi-presidentialism reforming in Ukraine given the global experience of semi-presidentialism and its various options. Keywords: form of government, system of government, semi-presidentialism, presidentialism, parliamentarism, president-parliamentarism, premier-presidentialism, Ukraine.
Lytvyn V. The Stages of Installation and Institutional, Procedural, Political and Behavioral Attributes of Semi-Presidentialism in Poland and Ukraine: Comparative Analysis / Vitaliy Lytvyn // Studium Europy Srodkowej i Wschodniej. – 2017. – Nr. 8. – S. 15–30., 2017
The research is dedicated to conceptualization, systematization and comparing the attributes and stages of installation and development of semi-presidential system of government in Poland and Ukraine. It was argued that semi-presidentialism should be defined the least subjectively or minimally (or in an institutional and procedural way), but should be classified the most broadly or maximally (or in an institutional, procedural, political and behavioral way). Based on this, it was found that we need to classify semi-presidentialism in a versatile way, i.e. institutionally, procedurally, politically, behaviorally and synthetically. Accordingly, it was found that reflection on semi-presidentialism in singular can be only definitive, but such a logic is unacceptable in the classification of semi-presidentialism, because different "adjectives" and attributes of semi-presidentialism refer to different formal and factual types, phases and scenarios of the analyzed system of government. The researcher reasoned that as of 2017 Poland and Ukraine experienced very similar types of semi-presidentialism, which were determined with the unified majority systems within the constructions of balanced premier-presidentialism. At the same time, it was found that the powers of the various political actors within the conditions of semi-presidentialism are determined with formal, constitutional, institutional, procedural, political, behavioral, party, electoral and personal factors. Keywords: semi-presidentialism, attributes and types of semi-presidentialism, Poland, Ukraine.
Research Article According to the widely accepted view, the existence of a government accountable to the parliament and a head of state elected by the people and endowed with powerful powers is sufficient to define the system as semipresidential. However, although there are many unique definitions and qualifications in itself, it is not possible to talk about the existence of a uniform semi-presidential system. The reason for this is that countries interpret the government system within the framework of their own political culture and administrative tradition. Therefore, government systems are not typical models and can take different forms within the states' own administrative traditions. In this direction, in this study, the semi-presidential model of the Russian Federation and the semi-presidential model of postcommunist Poland will be examined comparatively. Making a comparative study on the semi-presidential government systems of Poland and Russia will not be a comparison only in terms of revealing the differences, as it is thought. This study aims to make a contribution to the studies of the government system by comparing the states of Poland and Russia, which use the semi-presidential government system in a unique way. In addition, the main purpose of this study is to reveal that each country interprets the system of government it uses within the framework of its tradition of governance and political cultures.
Lytvyn V. The Evolution, Logics, Variations and Improving of the Actual (Political and Behavioural) Typology of Semi-Presidentialism: Theorisation and Manifestations on the Example of European Countries // Studium Europy Srodkowej i Wschodniej. – 2019. – Nr. 11. – S. 90–118., 2019
Semi-presidentialism is a very common and heterogeneous system of government, since it can be typified both formally (institutionally and procedurally) and actually (politically and behaviorally), but the dynamics of semi-presidentialism is less dependent on institutional and constitutional norms than on political and behavioral factors. These typological factors (in particular, the dualism, legitimacy, party affiliation and responsibility of the executive and the compositions of legislatures) create the grounds for the mediation of semi-presidentialism on the basis of political and behavioral models of the evaluation of norms and manifestations. Therefore, the study primarily focuses on the updated and expanded theorization of the actual (political and behavioral) typology of semi-presidentialism and on the practical consequences, risks and prospects for its operationalization within the framework of the European cases (from the moment of semi-presidentialism’s introduction and as of December 2017). As a result, it is argued that semi-presidentialism (based on a presidential party positioning against the types of cabinets and the parameters of inter-party and intra-party relations) should be alternatively typified on the fully or partly unified majority systems, fully or partly unified minority systems, divided majority systems and divided minority systems, which provide various political implications. Keywords: semi-presidentialism, system of government, actual (political and behavioral) typology of semi-presidentialism, European countries.
"Minimalist” concepts of semi-presidentialism: are Ukraine and Slovenia semi-presidential states
Politička misao, 2007
The concepts of semi-presidentialism by Robert Elgie and Matthew S. Shugart differ greatly. When applied to Ukraine and Slovenia, this shows how a country can be categorized differently depending on the author's understanding of what the defining properties of semi-presidentialism are. Elgie's minimalist concept classifies both countries as semi-presidential, while Shugart's concept points out major differences between the systems of government of these two countries. According to the Shugart's concept, Ukraine is a semipresidential regime; Slovenia is not. These two concepts illustrate the divergences in defining semi-presidential systems and, consequently, the differences in the understanding of the properties and the functioning of political systems in various countries. By comparing the systems of government in those two countries and by the application of Robert Elgie's minimalist and Matthew Shugart's non-minimalist concepts I will test the usefulness of the minimalist concepts in a theoretical and practical way.
Semi-presidentialism and Democracy
2011
Tables 1.1 The spread of countries with semi-presidential constitutions 1.2 Constitutional systems in Francophone Africa (as of March 31, 2010) 1.3 Constitutional systems in countries of the former Soviet Union and the former Yugoslavia (as of March 31, 2010) 1.4 Variation within semi-presidentialism 2.1 Clustering of semi-presidential countries 2.2 Parliamentarism and West European semi-presidential regimes 2.3 Operational subtypes under semi-presidentialism 2.4 Clustering and subtypes of semi-presidentialism 3.1 Duration and outcome of democratic episodes in semi-presidential regimes 3.2 The survival of semi-presidential democracies (Cox Proportional Hazards Model) 4.1 Free semi-presidential countries (2009) 4.2 Government types in free semi-presidential countries 4.3 Government formation in semi-presidential democracies: Results from the binary logistic regression 4.4 Regression of government durability of semi-presidential governments 5.1 The origins of West European semi-presidentialism 5.2 Presidential powers in West European semi-presidential countries 5.3 Party support in the executive in West European semi-presidential countries 6.1 Regime type and freedom house PR scores by geographic region 6.2 Regime type and electoral systems 6.3 Constitutional Regime Change (Original Post-Communist Regimes Only) 6.4 Countries with unstable constitutional regimes 7.1 Basic indicators for
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