To Find Prevalence of Anaemia among School Going Adolescent Girls of Shimla Hills (original) (raw)
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Anaemia a Health Burden among Rural Adolescent Girls in District Karnal: Prevalence and Coorelates
2015
Adolescence, a critical segment of society considered to be a most nutritionally vulnerable group. In developing countries adolescence anaemia is reported as greatest nutritional problem. Adolescence anaemia have significant impact on health outcomes at a later stage of life. Nutritional anaemia in adolescent girls have an adverse effect on learning ability, productivity, well-being and resistance to diseases. Anaemia during adolescence is associated with foetal wastage, prenatal mortality, increased incidence of low birth weight babies, increased maternal mortality and subsequent high infertility rates. Hence, an effort has been made in the present study to highlight the problem of anaemia in adolescents and to study the dietary and other factors in its aetiology. Two hundred fifty rural school going adolescent girls (13-15 yrs.) of low socio economic background were randomly selected from rural areas of district Karnal, Haryana, India. Very high anaemia pervasiveness (88%) with various grades was observed in the present research. Most of the girls (53.18%) were vegetarian and one half of the respondents were consuming two meals per day. Only one third of the subjects were in the habit of taking packed lunch in routine and maximum respondents (73.63%) were in the habit of keeping fast. Skipping of meals was common among three fourth of the subjects. Most of the subjects complained of anorexia, headache and breathlessness on exertion, lethargic feeling, pale conjunctiva, pale skin and flat nails. The present study also revealed dietary inadequacies particularly in respect of protein, energy, calcium and all micro nutrients (iron, beta-carotene, folic acid) except vitamin C. A positive significant (p≤0.05) correlation was observed between haemoglobin and various daily dietary intake of blood forming nutrients. The present study implicit the prominence of including adolescent girls in the risk group as controlling anaemia among adolescent girls (vulnerable group) could significantly reduce infant and maternal morbidity thus improving family, community and national socioeconomic development.
International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics
Anaemia is a global public health problem which affects both the developing and the developed countries and it is an indicator of poor nutrition and poor health with major consequences for human health, as well as for the social and economic development of a population. 1 Globally, anaemia affects 1.62 billion people, which corresponds to 24.8% of the population. 2 Anaemia is one of the most common health problems in India which is much more prevalent in the rural than in the urban areas. 3,4 Anemia is a nutrition problem worldwide and its prevalence is higher in developing countries when compared to the developed countries. 5,6 Young children and pregnant women are the most affected, with an estimated global prevalence of 43% and 5l% respectively. 7 Anemia prevalence among children of school-going age is ABSTRACT Background: Anaemia is a global public health problem which affects both the developing and the developed countries and it is an indicator of poor nutrition and poor health with major consequences for human health, as well as for the social and economic development of a population. Anemia is a common problem throughout the world and iron deficiency is the most prevalent nutritional deficiency in the world. It affects mainly the poorest segment of the population. The purpose of the study is to assess the prevalence of Anemia among school going children of rural area of schools of Faridkot district, India. Methods: This study was conducted at the schools of rural area (Jand sahib) of Faridkot District, India. A crosssectional household survey was conducted in rural Schools from January 2010 to December 2010 on 463 children, aged 5-16 years, selected through systematic random sampling method. Study subjects were school children (<16 years). The students and school authority were assured for their confidentiality of their response. Results: The analysis of the obtained data was based on the objective of the study. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used for data analysis and data interpretation. Results of the study revealed that 57.2% of the samples are males and 42.8% of the samples are female. 56.8% of the samples are in the age group of less than 5 to 11 years, 31.7% of samples were in the group of 12-14 years and 11.4% of samples are more than 14 years of age. After analysis and interpretation of data, it was found that out of boys 91.69% males were anaemic and out of females 94.89% females were anaemic. Overall incidence of anaemia amongst girls and boys was found to be 85.74%. Conclusions: The prevalence of anemia in the developing countries tends to be three to four times higher than in the developed countries. Hence, improvement in dietary habits related to consumption of green leafy vegetables should be included in diet plan. Health education, seminars on menstrual hygiene should be conducted at regular interval.
Prevalence of anemia in adolescence girls of Arunachal Pradesh, India
2020
Anaemia is a serious global public health problem that particularly affects young children and women. India continues to be affected by this serious health problem (Pal et al. 2014). As per the National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-2016) anaemia is widespread in India--58.6% of children, 53.2% of non-pregnant women and 50.4% of pregnant women were found to be anaemic. According to the survey, about 40% of women are mildly anaemic, 12% are moderately anaemic, and 1% are severely anaemic. Hence, Sharma et al. (2018) noted “When over half of the women in the country suffer due to anaemia, the idea of ‘Health for All’ seems to be an illusion”.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF ANAEMIA AMONG RURAL SCHOOL GOING ADOLESCENTS OF DISTRICT BAREILLY, INDIA
National Journal of Community Medicine, 2015
Background: WHO estimates that India has highest prevalence of anaemia among the South East Asian Countries. During adolescence anaemia is more prevalent due to growth spurt. Objectives: To find out the prevalence of anaemia among rural school going adolescents and to identify the associated factors. Material and Methods: One year cross sectional study was con- ducted in western Uttar Pradesh among 900 school going adolescents using multistage sampling. A structured schedule was used to collect the information. Chi-square test was applied to analyse data using SPSS software. Results: The overall prevalence of anaemia was 58.67%. Prevalence of anaemia was significantly higher among the females (65.11%). Higher prevalence of anaemia was found among adolescents aged between 10-14 years (59.58%), Hindus (62.04%), middle socio- economic class (78.89%) and joint families (59.63%). Higher prevalence was also found among those adolescents whose mothers and fathers were educated upto primary level (58.87% and 60.83% respectively). Conclusion: High prevalence of anaemia was found, especially among the female adolescents. Adequate food consumption and regular intake of iron and vitamin C rich foods during early childhood period, de-worming, food fortification, supplementary feeding and nutrition education of parents can prevent nutritional anaemia in adolescents.
IP Innovative Publication Pvt. Ltd, 2017
Introduction: Adolescence is very crucial phase of life because these are those formative years of the life of an individual when marked physical, psychological and behavioural changes takes place. More than 243 million adolescents reside in India, which account for one fourth of the country's total population. In UP there are 12.9% adolescents in age group of 10-14 years and 11.5% in 15-19 years, among which the majority are girls. Anaemia account for one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among the adolescent girls. Objectives: 1. To find out the prevalence of anaemia among adolescent girls. 2. To study the bio-social and other determinants of anaemia. Materials and Method: A community based cross-sectional study was carried out among adolescent girls (10-19 years) in slums of Kanpur Nagar, using 30 cluster sampling technique. From each slum, 13 subjects were studied, thus giving a total sample size of 390. A pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire was used to elicit the required information from the study subjects. Haemoglobin estimation by Sahli's method was done. Percentages, Chi square test and SPSS software was used for the analysis of data. Results: The mean age of study population was 13±2years.Anaemia was found in 71.79% of adolescent girls. About 64.1% of anaemic girls belonged to early adolescent (10-14 years) age group whereas 41.1% of the anaemic girls were in late adolescent (15-19 years) age group. Mild anaemia was the most prevalent type in the study subjects i.e. 41.28% while moderate and severe anaemia was present in 23.59% and 6.92% respectively. Prevalence of anaemia was most common (73.82%) in the Social class V. Association of anaemia with social class was statistically significant. Anaemia was higher in adolescents who have attained menarche. Anaemia was also found significantly associated with dietary habits. Conclusion: 71.79% of adolescent girls were found to be anaemic, with mild anaemia being most common followed by moderate and severe anaemia. Prevalence of anaemia was more in study subjects belonging to early adolescent age group, joint families and lower social class.
Characterisation of anaemia amongst school going adolescent girls in rural Haryana, India
Public Health Nutrition, 2022
Objective: High burden of anaemia exists amongst rural adolescent girls in India. The objective of this study was to characterise anaemia in school going adolescent girls in rural Haryana, India. Design: Linear and multiple logistic regression analysis of data collected prior to an intervention trial was conducted. Participants were classified into anaemic (haemoglobin <12 g/dl) and non-anaemic group and were further classified into deficiencies of Fe, folate or vitamin B 12 , mixed, anaemia of other causes and inflammation. Setting: Three schools in Ballabgarh block of Faridabad District, Haryana, India. Participants: One hundered and ninety-eight non-anaemic and 202 anaemic adolescent girls (12-19 years). Results: Anaemic girls had 29•6 % Fe deficiency, 28•1 % folate or vitamin B 12 deficiency, 15•8 % mixed deficiency and 9•7 % acute inflammation. Anaemia of other causes was found in 16•8 % of the anaemic participants. Girls with Fe and isolated folate deficiency had 2•5 times and four times higher odds of developing anaemia, respectively, as compared with non-anaemic girls. Fe deficiency with no anaemia was found amongst 11 % non-anaemic girls. Non-anaemic girls had a high prevalence of combined deficiency of folate or vitamin B 12 (29•5 %) and acute inflammation (14•4 %). Conclusions: The current strategy of Fe and folic acid supplementation alone will not suffice for achieving the desired reduction in the prevalence of anaemia as unknown causes and anaemia of inflammation contribute to a substantial proportion of anaemia. Integrating other nutrition-specific components like improving water, sanitation and hygiene practices with the ongoing micronutrient supplementation program will comprehensively tackle anaemia. Unknown causes of anaemia warrant further research. Keywords Anaemia Haemoglobin Iron Folate Adolescent Anaemia in adolescent girls is a major public health problem in India with 40 % being afflicted (1). Adolescent girls are vulnerable to anaemia due to regular loss of Fe through menstrual blood in addition to the overall accelerated increase in requirements for Fe due to rapid pubertal growth. Functional consequences of anaemia on growth and development occur even at mild levels or prior to onset of clinical stage of anaemia, making it the third leading cause of disability in the world (2). Some recent evidence challenges the earlier notion that Fe deficiency is the predominant contributor to anaemia globally (3,4). Estimates suggest that less than half the cases of anaemia are due to Fe deficiency, and the other causes are unknown (3-5). Anaemia due to inflammation has been
Background: Anaemia is the major serious preventable public health problem in Indian rural adolescent females. WHO report of 2002 states anaemia as the most common factor in infant mortality, maternal mortality and pre-term births. Simple health intervention programmes such as vitamin A and Iron supplementation with deworming can decrease the occurrence of anaemia. The present study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of anaemia among adolescent females, to assess the severity of anaemia and to correlate the association of factors like diet, anthropometry, socioeconomic status and menstrual flow with anemia. Methodology: The cross sectional study included 100 high school-going adolescent females whose Hemoglobin was estimated by three part automated hematology analyzer KX 21. Detailed history was elicited regarding socioeconomic status and menstrual flow. Anthropometric measurements were noted. Results: The prevalence of anaemia among adolescent females in our study in a rural area was found to be 40%. Amongst them, 55% had mild anaemia, 35% moderate anaemia and 10% severe Anaemia. Conclusion: Prevalence of mild to moderate anaemia is higher than severe anaemia in adolescent females. This may be attributed to the impact of school based intervention programs which exist since 2009, vitamin A supplementation, iron supplementation, deworming and dietary education. Keywords: Nutritional, Anemia, Iron deficiency, Adolescence
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health
Background: Adolescence has been defined by the WHO as the period of life spanning the ages between 10 to 19 years. This is a vulnerable period in the human life cycle for the development of nutritional anaemia. The prevalence of anaemia among adolescents is 27% in developing countries and 6% in developed countries. The study was done with the objective to study the prevalence of anaemia among adolescent girls of selected urban slum of Bhopal.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted for a period of 3 months on adolescent girls residing in selected urban slum of Bhopal. 98 adolescent girls who were registered in Anganwadi and present at time of study were interviewed. The data regarding their socio-demographic profile, anthropometric measurements were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Hemoglobin level was also estimated using Hemocue (Hb 201) and participants were classified as having no, mild, moderate and severe anaemia based on WHO grading of anaemia. Data was...
Prevalence of anaemia among urban and rural adolescents
Background: Anaemia is one of the most universally prevalent diseases in the world today. Iron deficiency anaemia is the most common micronutrient deficiency. A WHO study shows that in developing countries 52% of pregnant women and about 35% to 40% of non-pregnant women suffer from iron deficiency anaemia. Compared to the vast amount of work done on pregnant women and young children, there are relatively few studies on the prevalence of anaemia in adolescent girls. The exact figures for worldwide prevalence of anaemia among adolescent girls are not known, but are estimated to be quite high. A decrease in the prevalence of anaemia during pregnancy could be achieved through improvement in the status of adolescent girls. The present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of anaemia in adolescent girls studying in urban and rural schools of Pune city. Material and Methods: Non-probability convenient sampling method was used to select the samples from urban (150) and rural scho...