CHAPTER SIX LIBRARY STUDIES: RESOURCES AND ORGANISATION (Introduction to Library Studies ) (original) (raw)
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Library has been changing its role and function in tune with the need and demand of the user. The advancement of the ICT has dramatically made a rapid change in the academic environment. Since library is sole collector, manager, preserver and disseminator of the information it has to cope with the change made technically equipped to serve the modern user. In this paper we will focus on the factors that led to change the library so that it can serve the 21st century user’s need. It will also give a brief functions which the library should follow and make themselves in tune with need and fulfil the aspiration of the user. It will definitely help the libraries to remain as the ultimate temple of knowledge.
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After the transition to the information society, our world is in a fast and massive transformation in social, cultural, political and economical terms. This transformation process affects almost all organizational structures. One of the structures that is affected of this process is the library with its culturally and socially organizational characteristics as they collect, preserve and serve the information; spot the information as the focus and eventually aim to meet the information needs of the society. The aim of this study is to examine the information society fact as well as determining the effects of the transition to the information society on the libraries and to give information of the status of the libraries in the information society.
Towards a Networked National Library A SHORT HISTORY OF NATIONAL LIBRARIES UNTIL THE 1990s
As a consequence of developments in information technology, libraries are more than ever confronted with new threats and opportunities. This concerns national libraries, as well as public libraries and university libraries. Services and logistical processes are to be redesigned, but also the role of libraries in society comes under scrutiny. From a social and political point of view, one might argue that libraries are needed more than ever, but as information becomes digitally available, this is far from evident for all those responsible for the libraries' sustainability. National libraries have a special position, not only within the library sector but also in society, in their own right as well as on behalf of the library sector. This is even more true in the information society. After a short overview of the history of national libraries, the article describes a number of relevant trends in the information society that affects libraries and considers the medium-term consequences, especially for the national library, its role in the library world and within the modern society. Finally, a more speculative long-term vision on national libraries as networked organizations is presented, not as a blueprint, but as a guiding perspective for decisions about national infratructure. National libraries go back a long way. An excellent overview of their development until the mid-1980s is given by Humphries (1988). He distinguishes three stages in their development:-the autarchic library: the original model of a large independent, self-sufficient store of materials;-the cooperative library: the new spirit of cooperation in the country's library services from 1958 onwards;-the librarian's library: the national library as the centre of a national information network to which it makes its own creative contribution (the situation in the 1980s). The Autarchic Library There are two difficulties in trying to define a national library: the diverse origins and nature of national libraries throughout the world, and the isolation of a national library from its readers in the sense that it has no single clearly identifiable clientele. In Britain Antonio Panizzi formulated a vision of what constituted a national library which also had a pervading influence on the attitudes to a national library in other countries. From 1856 until 1866 he was principle librarian of the The British Museum library which was, in fact, the national library of the United Kingdom in all but name. The focus was most particularly on British works and on works relating to the Britisch Empire. With respect to foreign literature, arts and science, the library sought to possess the best editions of standard works for critical purposes or for use. Moreover, the public had a right to find in their national library important foreign works. In a number of other European countries, royal libraries were taken over to form the national library. In many countries a legal deposit was introduced.
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In the past 25 years the emergence of the Internet had transformed information foraging and professional practice in various disciplines which are research-based and largely contributory to national development. The effects of Information Communications Technology (ICT) had been notable in the professions and skills acquisition agencies. It is significant to observe that globally, especially in the developed countries, LIS professionals have engaged in debates on the propriety or otherwise of integrating ICT in Library services delivery for four decades now. There are challenges of varying proportions which have mitigated ICT's full beneficial adoption for use. This problem was no less visible in the strategic frontier of education and training of LIS professionals. Evaluation of use of ICT in achieving quality service delivery in Libraries and Information establishments became necessary at least to re-align with Institutional objectives, vision and mission for well-coordinated positive results in national development. In this perspective, papers have been contributed in this volume indicating actions and various measures needed to fulfill an acceptable level of practice. In doing this, it is natural to engender further debates and valuable exchange of ideas on the propriety or otherwise of the role of ICT in overall Library Development.
Library (from French "librairie"; Latin "liber" = book) is an organized collection of resources made accessible to a defined community for reference or borrowing. It provides physical or digital access to material, and may be a physical building or room, or a virtual space, or both. A library's collection can include books, periodicals, newspapers, manuscripts, films, maps, prints, documents, microform, CDs, cassettes, videotapes, DVDs, e-books, audiobooks, databases, and other formats. Libraries range in size from a few shelves of books to several million items. In Latin and Greek, the idea of bookcase is represented by Bibliotheca and Bibliothēkē (Greek: βιβλιοθήκη): derivatives of these mean library in many modern languages, e.g. French bibliothèque.
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The concept of the library has been changed tremendously along with the change of time and space. This change is brought due to the result of space and wave research. The scientific innovations compel the overhaul change in the system of the library and of information science and of its service. The twenty-first century is the century of knowledge and the library is the center for gathering, distribution, protection, and utilization of knowledge. At the very beginning of the twenty-first century, we see evidence of several movements and innovations, which reflects a significant, break from past activity in libraries. The learning materials are reaching to the learner’s desktop. It does not mean that information technology has replaced the library's service rather the technology has forced the library to raise its volume and standard of work. The present communication technology at the age of explosion of knowledge has put the library into a crucial position or with regard to the dissemination of information, and of the services from the libraries. But, information overload is one of the greatest problems. The scholars asked for information the through the Internet. But “the Internet” is not a library, nor does it have the organized cataloging and commitment to preservation that make the library accessible and immediately usable resources. O’Donnell notes, “You never know what you are missing” when we are “on the Internet”. Further, it is very important to note that information is not knowledge. There is a difference between knowledge and information. The genuine role of the library is to provide both. It has to ensure quality knowledge and quality information. Further, it has to generate, to preserve, to protect and to disseminate the knowledge and information. The various method techniques, approaches, and strategies are to be developed for which research libraries are becoming more deeply engaged in the creation and dissemination of knowledge and are becoming essential collaborators with the other stakeholders in these activities. Library is an integrated approach to knowledge and information. It is a process of system integration. The role of research library is very important for intellectual dialogue and discovery. It is to be the place where tributaries of knowledge converge and develop new currents thought and creative activity. India has laid a strong foundation in library service. We have got many libraries with heavy stock throughout the country. The country has developed a huge number of software including telecast media libraries. But very few works have been carried out to examine the digitisation and the present study is designed to find out the answer to the following questions – How the libraries in the institutions of higher education have been modernizing by using technology? What are the steps that have been taken up of automation? What is the status of the digitization of libraries? What additional benefits are provided to the takers of the library services along with its digital facilities? What are the shortcomings of the digitization of libraries in India? To bring out the answer to these questions the study has been carried out. To find out the result of the study, an extensive survey have been made in this paper where a detailed review has been carried out with regard to the introduction and implementation of modernization program in the first section of the paper which is followed by an analysis of the existing system of library facilities and services in the higher educational institution in India in the second section of the paper. The third section is devoted to the digitalization process and the strategies in libraries, which is followed by a concluding remark in the fourth section of the paper.