Phytochemicals, Anti-Nutritional Factors and Proximate Analysis of Simarouba Glauca Seeds (original) (raw)
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Phytochemicals, Antioxidant Profile and GC-MS Analysis of Ethanol Extract of Simarouba glauca Seeds
Asian Journal of Biological and Life sciences
Medicinal plants acted as traditional medicine from the ancient time and recognized as scientific medicine in modern days. Simarouba glauca is an Indian traditional medicinal plant commonly called as "Paradise Tree or Lakshmi Taru" used for its various medicinal properties. The current study was carried out to know the phytochemicals, antioxidant profile and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) of ethanol extract of the seed S. glauca. Qualitative analysis showed the presence of flavonoids and carbohydrates, lacked alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, triterpenoids and tannins. The total flavonoid, proanthocyanidin and phenol content were 25.20 ± 0.15mg quercetin equivalent/g extract, 57.08±1.51mg catechin equivalent/g extract and 41.75 ± 2.31mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract respectively. Antioxidants exhibited maximum 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging of 70% at 100 µg/mL concentrations with an IC 50 value 50.93µg/mL, decolourization potential of 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethyl benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) was 65% at 203.87μg/mL concentration and ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assay exhibited Ascorbic Acid Equivalents (AAE/ml).The relative contents of the fatty acids were calculated with area normalization by GC-MS. Out of the ten fatty acids, four of them were Ethyl oleate (24.20%), Oleic acid (16.13%), 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (12.69%) and Hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (12.22%) and other six fatty acids were present less than 11%.
Advances in Pharmacology and Pharmacy, 2021
Traditional Indian medicinal plant Simarouba glauca is a highly sacred plant known as "Paradise Tree or Lakshmi Taru" which is recognized for its pharmacological and pharmaceutical properties. The present study was envisaged to know the in vitro phytochemical, antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of S. glauca seeds. Petroleum ether was used as a solvent to extract plant material using hot extraction method. In our investigation, phytochemical analysis was carried out qualitatively and quantitatively and for the evaluation of antioxidant profile carried out in vitro studies on free radical scavenging potential by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging, decolourization potential of 2,2'-azino-bis[3-ethyl benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assay were determined in in vitro studies. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of this plant was positive for flavonoids, fatty acids, proteins, steroids and terpenoids and in quantitative analysis total flavonoid content was 17.32±0.12 mg/μg quercetin equivalent, total proanthocyanidin content exhibited 62.91±0.61 µg catechin equivalent, total phenol content exhibited 17.75±5.82 μg gallic acid equivalent and the total flavonol content was 1.54±0.01 µg quercetin equivalent of the extract. In the antioxidant profile, the maximum DPPH scavenging activity exhibited was 74% with an IC 50 value 137.89 µg/mL, the maximum ABTS scavenging activity exhibited was 35% with an IC 50 value 337.29 µg/mL and FRAP scavenging activity exhibited 62.5 µg/mL as ascorbic acid equivalents (AAE/ml) concentration. These findings evidenced that, the petroleum ether extract of S. glauca seeds has potential source of natural antioxidants and can be used it as therapeutic medicine.
Variations in Nutritional Composition among Different Selected Medicinal Plants
Present study was conducted to find out the nutritional composition of seeds of different selected medicinal plants from two locations. The seeds were separated from their pods manually and milled separately. The powdered samples were analysed for proximate and mineral contents. The result of the experiment showed that seed have moisture (3.1±0.212.7±0.3%), ash (2.8±0.17.3±0.1%), fibre (3.4±0.311.3± 0.1%), protein (17.5±0.228.9±0.4%), carbohydrates (9.9±0.557.4± 0.8%) and energy value (1542.2±2.42171.1±2.8kJ/100g). For mineral analysis the samples of different plants have appreciable amount of minerals such as Ca, K, Na, Fe and P.
Phytochemical Analysis of Seeds of Certain Medicinal Plants
2014
Azardiracta indica ( Meliaceae ) , Trigonella foenum - graecum (Fabaceae) and Pongamia pinnata (Fabaceae) are some of the ancient plants of great medicinal value. Physicochemical an d phytochemical estimation was carried out on the seeds of these thr ee crude drugs revealed the presenc e of some bioactive constituent , which are then qualitative ly and quantitatively analyzed. The bitter components are extracted and isolated by TLC. The R f values for nimbin , protodioscin and karanjin are 0.57 , 0.73 and 0. 53 respectively. The corresponding data obtained is comparatively similar with that of standard values. UV absorption spectra’s of active components present in crude drugs showed the absorption peaks of nimbin at 217 nm , protodiosc in at 366 nm and karanji n at 300 nm.
Journal of Human Ecology, 2006
Three traditional medicinal plants known for their hypoglycemic action namely bittergourd, fenugreek seeds and jambu seeds were analysed for proximate composition, available carbohydrates, dietary fibres and antinutritional factors. Protein, fat, ash, crude fibre, carbohydrate and energy content of these medicinal plants ranged from 4.
Pride of Barbados (Caesalpina pulcherrima) is a legume which is known to contain biologically active components. The study aims at determining the proximate composition, mineral elements and anti-nutrients composition of Pride of Barbados with the view of further understanding its usefulness. The physicochemical, elemental, proximate and anti-nutrient analysis composition of pride of Barbados seeds were determined using standard method of analysis (AOAC) and instrumental method of analysis (AAS). The result of proximate analysis showed 4.970% of Ash, 8.067% of fat, 7.692% of moisture, 9.606% of crude fibre, 1.83% of crude protein. The physicochemical properties of the extracted oil from pride of Barbados seeds shows that the peroxide value is 34.00 mM, saponification value is 65.91 mg KOH/g oil, acid value is 29.17 mg/g, free fatty acid is 14.66 mg KOH/g oil, unsaponification matter is 10.98 mg/g, refraction index is 1.438, smoke fire point 98°C, melting point 26°C, flash point 108°C, fire point 112°C. The mineral elements present in the sample in mg/100 g are Na - 183.31, K - 208.56, Mg - 258.91 and Ca - 175.01. The results also showed that tannin content is 0.485 mg/100 g, oxalate 6.122 mg/100 g and phytate 0.535mg/100g. Therefore, the seed could be a good source for low cost plant protein and mineral elements.
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research
Medicinal plants are universally used in the management of various diseases in different medical practices. A varied diversity of compounds extracted from plants may show anticancer, antibacterial, and antidiabetic activities. Comparative laboratory studies and scientific approach of efficacy related to phytochemicals found in medicinal plants in Sri Lanka have not been reported yet. This study aims to evaluate the phytochemicals in selected four different plant seeds such as Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels, Brassica alba (L.) Rabenh, Trigonella foenum-graecum L. and Nigella sativa L., which are used in the management of diabetes mellitus in Sri Lanka. The ethanol extracts of plant seeds were subjected to the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the phytochemicals using recommended laboratory techniques. Data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance using a Statistical Analysis System (SAS) statistical package. The qualitative analysis showed that flavonoids, tannins, phenols, alkaloids, and saponins were present in all medicinal seed extracts. Based on quantitative analysis, flavonoids were found in all seed extracts, and higher amount was found in S. cumini (527.77 µg QE/g) followed by T. foenum-graecum (194.66 µg QE/g). S. cumini seeds contain higher phenolics (416.01 µg GAE/g), alkaloids (81.07 mg/g), and tannins (34.04 µg TAE/g) contents than other seed extracts. This study revealed that all these medicinal seeds, especially S. cumini, has potential as prepared standard functional products in the traditional system of medicine.
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2001
Tree seeds are a potentially valuable source of nutrients for livestock in Botswana but their use has been limited by scant research on their chemical and nutritional properties. Seeds of ®ve browse trees from the hardveld region of Botswana were analysed for condensed tannins, proximate composition, in vitro dry matter digestibility and mineral elements. Content (% DM) of condensed tannins as determined by the butanol±HCl method were 2.62, 3.09, 3.10, 4.26 and 5.07 for Sclerocarya birrea, Zizyphus mucronata, Kirkia acuminata, Lonchocarpus capassa and Rhus lancea, respectively. The seeds contain low crude proteins (% DM) at 7.08, 6.17, 10.96 and 7.79 for, Z. mucronata, S. birrea, K. acuminata and R. lancea, respectively, except L. capassa with 54.2% crude protein. The dry matter digestibility (%) ranged from 7.95 for S. birrea to 72.34 for L. capassa. This coupled with low condensed tannin content suggests that some of them may be valuable protein supplements in ruminant diets. The NDF (%) and ADF (%) ranged from 24.53 and 8.70 in L. capassa to 80.33 and 67.10 in S. birrea, respectively. In general, the seeds had adequate quantities of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron and copper to meet requirements for beef, sheep and goat production. The content of sodium, manganese and zinc (except in L. capassa) were below recommended levels required by ruminants for growth and productivity. The study suggested that these browse seeds serve as potential nutrient sources for free grazing animals on the ranges in Botswana.
Edible Seeds Medicinal Value, Therapeutic Applications and Functional Properties-A Review
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2021
India has a rich source of tropical fruits containing edible seeds such as chia, hemp, sesame, pumkin, sunflower, mustard, nigella, guava, papaya, mangosteen, honeydew, pomegranate, fennel, fenugreek, cumin, sweet orange, cucumber, jackfruit, mango, melons, avocado and many more. These products such as the seed kernel, which constitutes about 10–35% of the weight, offer high nutritional value and therapeutic applications. This article explores the nutritional, medicinal, therapeutic applications, functional properties and bioactive constituents of the seeds of some fruits, which are analyzed for their functions and applications as sources of food value and bioactive phytochemical constituents. The seeds contain essential bioactive components such as alkaloids, carotenoids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, terpenoids, tannins, steroids and polyphenolic compounds and that exhibit excellent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties, anticancer, anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti...
Proximate composition and anti-nutritional analyses of selected underutilized fruit seeds
Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, 2024
The study investigated the proximate composition and anti-nutritional compositions of the fruit seeds of Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) var. ‘khairun’, Mango (Mangifera altissima) var. ‘paho’, Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) and Guyabano (Annona muricata). The fruits were available locally in the region, in Cagayan de Oro City, province of Misamis Oriental. It was analyzed through its dry ash using laboratory oven, crude lipid through Soxhlet extraction method, crude protein using the Kjeldahl technique and carbohydrate by getting the percentage difference. The AOAC methods were performed for proximate analysis. The seeds’ antinutritional composition determined the alkaloids through alkaline precipitation gravimetric technique, oxalates through titration method, and phytate contents through Lucas and Markaka procedure. The comparison of biochemical composition showed that carbohydrates resulted the highest (18.91%), next was the crude lipid (8.76 %), protein (7.26%), and ash (2.90%). Results showed significant differences in terms of its biochemical compositions. Among of the samples, guyabano, were abundant in protein. Crude lipid and carbohydrate content were predominant compounds in guyabano seeds. The highest ash content was the jackfruit seeds. The variations in the biological functions of fruit seeds could be responsible for the variations in biochemical composition. Results of anti-nutritional tests showed that the highest alkaloid was found in mango seeds. Mango seeds had also significant oxalate levels. It also resulted that mango seeds had the greatest phytate contents. Guyabano yielded the highest saponin levels. Furthermore, seeds consist of biochemicals and antinutrients, which can be advantageous or detrimental to the health of both humans and animals.