Comparative Assessment of Particulate Air Pollution Exposure from Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Emissions (original) (raw)
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Estimating Particulate Exposure from Modern Municipal Waste Incinerators in Great Britain
Environmental science & technology, 2017
Municipal Waste Incineration (MWI) is regulated through the European Union Directive on Industrial Emissions (IED), but there is ongoing public concern regarding potential hazards to health. Using dispersion modeling, we estimated spatial variability in PM10 concentrations arising from MWIs at postcodes (average 12 households) within 10 km of MWIs in Great Britain (GB) in 2003-2010. We also investigated change points in PM10 emissions in relation to introduction of EU Waste Incineration Directive (EU-WID) (subsequently transposed into IED) and correlations of PM10 with SO2, NOx, heavy metals, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furan (PCDD/F), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) emissions. Yearly average modeled PM10 concentrations were 1.00 × 10(-5) to 5.53 × 10(-2) μg m(-3), a small contribution to ambient background levels which were typically 6.59-2.68 × 10(1) μg m(-3), 3-5 orders of magnitude higher. While low, concentration surfaces are likel...
Background. Research to date on the effects of burns on well-being has found limited evidence of the hazards to well-being, but many past reviews have been constrained by poor evaluation of the introduction. This paper provides a similar assessment of environmental dispersion by demonstrating good source tracking (an intermediate commonly used for presentation) as an introduction assessment strategy for contamination released from incinerators. Methods: Our current research was conducted at Mayo Hospital Lahore from June 2018 to May 2019. Good source apportionment methods and the ADMS Urban barometric diffusion model were used to represent exposure to particulate matter from 2 municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWI) in Pakistan. In addition, a study of the affectability of reproductions of the diffusion model to enter limitations remained carried out. Results. The model production showed incredibly little ground-level PM10 clustering, by extreme convergences of <0.02 g/m3. The proximity and concentrations of PM10 displayed for the two MWIPs at the postal code level were strongly related once using incessant measurements (Spearman relationship coefficients ∼ 0.8); however, the understanding of unattenuated measurements (deciles or quintiles, Cohen kappa constants ≤ 0.6) was poor. Conclusion: To give best measure of the overall MWIP presentation, it is fundamental to take into account the qualities of the incinerators, the size of the fumes and the overall meteorological and terrestrial conditions. Reducing misclassification of presentation is particularly important in the ecological study of disease transmission to help identify low-level hazards.
Environmental Pollution, 2019
A particulate matter (PM) source apportionment study was carried out in one of the most polluted districts of Tuscany (Italy), close to an old waste incinerator plant. Due to the high PM10 levels, an extensive field campaign was supported by the Regional Government to identify the main PM sources and quantify their contributions. PM10 daily samples were collected for one year and analysed by different techniques to obtain a complete chemical characterisation (elements, ions and carbon fractions). Hourly fine (<2.5 mm) and coarse (2.5e10 mm) aerosol samples were collected by a Streaker sampler for a shorter period and hourly elemental concentrations were obtained by PIXE. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) analysis of daily and hourly data allowed the identification of 10 main sources: six anthropogenic (Biomass Burning, Traffic, Secondary Nitrates, Secondary Sulphates, Incinerator, Heavy Oil combustion), two natural (Saharan Dust and Fresh Sea Salt) and two mixed sources (Local Dust and Aged Sea Salt). Biomass burning turned out to be the main source of PM, accounting for 30% of the PM10 mass as annual average, followed by Traffic (18%) and Secondary Nitrates (14%). Emissions from the Incinerator turned out to be only 2% of PM10 mass on average. PM10 composition and source apportionment have been assessed in a polluted area near a waste incinerator, by PMF analysis on daily and hourly compositional data sets.
2014
The planned construction of new municipal waste incineration plants over the next few years in Poland results in protests of local communities, which arise mainly from fear of an increase in the air pollution in its vicinity. These protests extend the investment process and hinder the selection of incineration plant location, but on the other hand they necessitate the use of more efficient solutions to reduce their impact on the air quality. This paper characterizes the world's most widely used technology for municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) and assesses the possible maximum impact on the air quality of an exemplary MSWI plant with a capacity of about 250,000 Mg/year (two independent incineration lines, each with a capacity of 17 Mg/h). The assessment takes into account a diversity of air pollutant emissions resulting from the emission limit values set for different times of averaging, diversification of geometric dimensions of a stack and the exhaust velocity of gases, as well as the diversity of coverage and use of the area around the incineration plant. Based on the conducted calculations, recommendations for this type of installation regarding, among others, the parameters of the emitters and their location, were set out allowing to minimize their impact on the air pollution in the vicinity of the nearest buildings. Particular attention was paid to these substances, the emission of which is the most disturbing, and for which in many Polish cities the air quality standards are not complied with.
Environmental Health, 2011
Background Several studies have been conducted on the possible health effects for people living close to incinerators and well-conducted reviews are available. Nevertheless, several uncertainties limit the overall interpretation of the findings. We evaluated the health effects of emissions from two incinerators in a pilot cohort study. Methods The study area was defined as the 3.5 km radius around two incinerators located near Forlì (Italy). People who were residents in 1/1/1990, or subsequently became residents up to 31/12/2003, were enrolled in a longitudinal study (31,347 individuals). All the addresses were geocoded. Follow-up continued until 31/12/2003 by linking the mortality register, cancer registry and hospital admissions databases. Atmospheric Dispersion Model System (ADMS) software was used for exposure assessment; modelled concentration maps of heavy metals (annual average) were considered the indicators of exposure to atmospheric pollution from the incinerators, while concentration maps of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were considered for exposure to other pollution sources. Age and area-based socioeconomic status adjusted rate ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals were estimated with Poisson regression, using the lowest exposure category to heavy metals as reference. Results The mortality and morbidity experience of the whole cohort did not differ from the regional population. In the internal analysis, no association between pollution exposure from the incinerators and all-cause and cause-specific mortality outcomes was observed in men, with the exception of colon cancer. Exposure to the incinerators was associated with cancer mortality among women, in particular for all cancer sites (RR for the highest exposure level = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.99), stomach, colon, liver and breast cancer. No clear trend was detected for cancer incidence. No association was found for hospitalizations related to major diseases. NO2 levels, as a proxy from other pollution sources (traffic in particular), did not exert an important confounding role. Conclusions No increased risk of mortality and morbidity was found in the entire area. The internal analysis of the cohort based on dispersion modeling found excesses of mortality for some cancer types in the highest exposure categories, especially in women. The interpretation of the findings is limited given the pilot nature of the study.
Impact Assessment of Emissions from a Municipal Waste Incinerator
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 1997
Emissions from a refuse-derived fuel steam generating plant indowntown Albany, NY, have been a subject of public concernduring, and since cessation of, operation of the plant.Aerosol samples routinely collected every sixth day at fourair quality monitoring sites (three PM10 and one TSP) inthe environs of the plant were analyzed for fourteen tracemetals and three combustion-related inorganic anions to detectcontributions of
Particulate Matter Concentrations in the Vicinity of an Incinerator
Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 2016
Incineration is an effective way of health care waste management, but it is also a source of air pollution. Thermal decomposition of organic and inorganic waste during incineration releases a large concentration of air pollutants such as CO, SO 2 , NOx, CO 2 and particulate matter (PM). A cross sectional-descriptive study was conducted to determine the short-term variations in PM concentrations across various areas in the vicinity of a local incinerator in Windhoek, Namibia. XRF Qualitative analysis method was used to determine the elemental composition of fallout dust concentration from six study areas/stations in the vicinity of a local incinerator. Single bucket fallout monitors were deployed following the American Society for Testing and Materials standard method for collection and analysis of dust fallout to determine the elemental composition of fallout dust. Real-time PM concentration trends were also recorded using a portable Micro dust Pro Real-time Dust Monitor for PM 10 at a height of 2.2 m above the ground. High PM concentration peaks were observed in the morning and afternoon hours at varying points. The fallout dust rate ranged between highest 1839.3 mg/m 2 /day at sampling Point 4 and lowest 711 mg/m 2 /day at sampling Point 2. The XRF analysis revealed the presence of toxic elements and crustal elements in order of decreasing abundance: Mn > Zn > Cr > V > Zr > Sr > Pb > Ni and SI > K > Fe > Ti > Ca > Al > P respectively. Highest elemental composition concentrations were found at sampling location in the vicinity of the incinerator and in industrial area.
Modelling of Pollutants Dispersion from Open Burning of Solid Waste Using AERMOD
Science, Engineering and Technology
This study evaluates the air quality impact of open burning of solid waste activities in Ilorin, Nigeria. An emission inventory was carried out to quantify the emitted CO, NOx and SOx from 2016- 2020 into the study area. Their ground level concentrations were computed with the Industrial Source Complex – American Meteorological Society (AMS) and United State Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Regulatory Model (AERMOD) dispersion model and compared with standards to determine their impacts on ambient air quality. The average hourly, daily and annual concentrations were 25,267 µg/m3, 4,609 µg/m3, 447 µg/m3 for carbon monoxide (CO); 4,700 µg/m3, 730 µg/m3, 130 µg/m3 for oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and 954 µg/m3, 144 µg/m3, 24 µg/m3 for oxides of sulphur (SOx) respectively. The hourly air quality for CO were within the World Bank standard for all the receptor communities except at Abe-Emi with 2.17 folds, while the daily air quality was within the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnV)...