Phytochemical Constituents and Antimicrobial Activity from the Stems of Jatropha Maheshwarii (original) (raw)
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The antifungal activity of aqueous and ethanol extracts obtained from seed and leaf of Jatropha curcas were investigated using agar incorporation method in vitro against Aspergillus niger, a microbe known to be resistant to some chemical agents. Pathogenicity test revealed that A. niger was the pathogenic fungus that cause black mould rot of onion bulbs. The growth of A. niger was markedly suppressed by aqueous and ethanol extracts of leaf and seed, 65.7 and 57.0% at 160 mg/ml. The extracts at low concentration did not show considerable activity against the fungus except leaf ethanol extract 53.3% at 40 mg/ml.The in vivo study showed that aqueous extracts of seed and leaf reduced rot development, 59.4 and 54.4 % in onion bulbs. Highest rot inhibition 66.3 was obtained at 160 mg/ml seed extract.The result of the study suggest the potentials of J. curcas extracts as fungicidal agent that could be useful in management of black mould rot of onion bulbs caused by Aspergillus niger.
GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences
The research study was to understudy the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical compounds and antifungal activity of methanolic extracts of Jatropha multifida, Euphorbia hirta, Occimum gratissimum and Mitracarpus scaber leaves against 12 species of fungi. The 8 phytochemical compounds tested were saponin, phenol, tannin, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoid, alkaloid and glycoside. The antifungi sensitivity test was analysed by Kirby-bauer disc diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) was analysed by broth tube dilution method followed by subculturing the relative samples. The plant extracts were prepared in the concentration range of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50,100 and 200 mg/ml. The antifungal sensitivity test showed that Jatropha multifida (200mg/ml) was weakly effective against Fusarium solani and resistant against others. Occimum gratissimum, Euphorbia hirta and Mitracarpus scaber at (200mg/ml) respectively was highly effecti...
Antifungal effect of crude methanolic extract and its fractions of Jatropha curcas L., leaves
In this paper the polyphenolic compounds of methanolic extract of Jatropha curcas leaves have been investigated. The analytical procedures revealed 7 flavonoid compounds: biapigenin-(8,8″)-methylene-6,6″-di-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), apigenin-7-O-β-D-neohesperidoside (2), apigenin 7-O-β-D-galactoside (3), orientin (4), apigenin (5), isovitexin (6) and vitexin (7). The crude methanol extract and the 7 purified compounds were tested against fungi Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Fusarium solani. The crude extracts absolutely inhibit the fungi growth. On the other hand, vitexin was similar to crude extract as well. The other compounds were moderate in their antifungal effects in comparison to control ones.
Antimicrobial activity in leaf, seed extract and seed oil of Jatropha curcas L. plant
Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 2011
The study on antibacterial and antifungal efficacy of leaf and seed extract and seed oil of Jatropha curcas reveals that the inhibition zones ranged from 7 to 22 mm for antibacterial and from 10 to 20 mm for antifungal activity. Among all extracts tested, seed extract showed significant activity while leaf extract showed intermediate activity against gram-positive bacteria. In case of gram-negative bacteria, seed extract and seed oil has shown some moderate activity whereas, no activity was observed in leaf extract. In case of fungal cultures, among all test extracts only seed extract showed significant activity against Mucor and Tilletia fungus, while in case of Rhizopus no activity was observed against all test extracts. These results indicated the possibility of using Jatropha extract and seed oil for medicinal uses and natural food preservation.
Anti-fungal evaluation of some plant extracts against some plant pathogenic field and storage fungi
Journal of Agricultural Technology, 2007
Aqueous extract of eight plants were screened for antifungal activity against Fusarium solani and Aspergillus flavus at 10% concentration by dry mycelial weight, spore germination and poisoned food techniques. The results revealed that Decalepis hamiltonii Wight & Arn. (Asclepiadaceae) showed significant antifungal activity. The antifungal activity of aqueous extract of D. hamiltonii an edible plant, was further evaluated at different concentrations by poisoned food technique against eight species of Fusarium, ten species of Aspergillus, three species of Penicillium, two species of Drechslera and Alternaria alternata. These phytopathogenic fungi were isolated from Sorghum, Maize, and Paddy seeds. It was observed that aqueous extract showed significant antifungal activity against all the test pathogens. Species of P. chrysogenum was completely inhibited at 10% concentration. D. halodes and A. fumigatus were inhibited at 20% concentration, whereas F. lateritium and F. moniliforme, were inhibited at a higher concentration of 50%. D. hamiltonii was further subjected to different solvent extraction using petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform, methanol and ethanol to identify the solvent extract having high activity. It was observed that petroleum ether extract showed highly significant antifungal activity followed by benzene and chloroform extracts, whereas no activity was observed in methanol and ethanol extracts at 2000 µg/ml. This plant being an edible one can possible be exploited in the management of seed borne pathogenic fungi and prevention of biodeterioration of grains and mycotoxin elaboration during storage.
Bioassay guided fractionation of antifungal activity of Jatropha curcas
Bioactive constituents from plants are an integral component of research and development in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industry. Plants face many stresses in their life cycle and in the process produce secondary metabolites. These secondary metabolites are not important for the metabolic functions of the plant but help to face many stressful conditions like diseases, pests, etc. Some of these secondary metabolites have capacity to fight microorganisms and thus can be used as antimicrobial agents. The present study has exploited the probability of having any antimicrobial molecules present in the Jatropha curcas. In the present study root, leaf, bark, seed, and seed coat of Jatropha curcas were extracted with methanol using reflux extraction method. The crude methanolic root extract was found to have better antifungal activity (upto 23.1% growth inhibition) against Rhizoctonia. The root extract when fractionated by column chromatography showed upto 72.72 % growth inhibition against Fusarium udum and 41.17% against Rhizoctonia bataticola in toluene fraction 1. It was further screened for HPTLC and FTIR to characterize fraction in functional groups.
World Journal of Organic Chemistry
The crude extracts from leaves of Jatropha glauca plant grown naturally at Al-Baha region obtained by extraction with ethanol and fractionated using three solvents: petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol were investigated for their in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility. The antimicrobial activity were evaluated against two bacterial strains S. aureus and E. coli, and two common fungal strains Candida albicans and Candida krusei using disc diffusion assay. The crude ethanolic extract and its fractions methanolic and ethyl acetate showed an inhibitory effect against both bacterial and fungal microorganisms. The petroleum ether fraction had no antimicrobial effect. The ethanolic crude extract and methanolic fraction showed higher zone of inhibition, while the ethyl acetate fraction showed the least activity against both bacterial strains. The methanolic fraction was found to possess lowest MIC ≥250 μgml −1 against both tested bacterial strains. Similarly, the ethanolic crude extract and methanol fraction showed zone of inhibition against tested fungal strains with methanolic fraction showed the highest zone of inhibition. However, these observations indicated that the ethanolic crude extract and its methanolic and ethyl acetate fractions exhibited some antimicrobial potency that proves the leaves contain some gradients that have antibacterial and antifungal potential.
Studies were carried out to determine the microorganisms associated with Jatropha curcas and the effect of selected botanicals crude extracts (bitter leaf: Vernonia amygdalina and Uziza leaf: Piper guineensis) on the inhibition of these microorganisms. The experiment comprised three extract concentrations 20, 30 and 50% and was carried out in a completely randomized design with six replications. Results show that only Rhizoctonia sp., Fusarium oxysporum, Septoria apii and Aspergillus sp. were isolated from seeds and leaves of J. curcas. P. guineensis leaf extract, at 50% concentration, inhibited the growth of these organisms (94%) more than the bitter leaf (V. amygdalina) extract (80%) and similar trend was observed at all levels of concentrations. The high level of microbial inhibition obtained from the P. guineensis on J. curcas would be very useful information in the production of pesticides or fungicides combinations as their effectiveness is higher when combined than when singly applied. It was observed that higher percentage germination was recorded on healthier Jatropha seeds than diseased ones and only Fusarium solani and S. apii were isolated from leaf samples of J. curcas while Rhizoctonia spp. and Aspergillus spp. were isolated from the seed samples that showed characteristic rot appearance. However, few organisms observed in J. curcas showed that the crop does not provide conducive environment for the growth of many microorganisms, and as such possess fungicidal properties.
Fungal Seed Borne diseases of Jatropha curcas and their in-vitro Control Measures
Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the prevalent fungi on the leaves and seeds of Jatropha curcas. Also, biocidal effect of leaves and seeds of J. curcas was carried out on the predominant fungal isolates. The medium used for the isolation of fungi was Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). Identification of the fungi was by morphological and cultural characteristics. The result showed that the predominant fungi which occurred on leaves and seeds of J. curcas include: Fusarium oxysporium, Rhizopus stolonifer, Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus niger. The result on the percentage frequency of fungi demonstrated that Fusarium oxysporium (20.8%) had the highest percentage frequency, followed by Rhizopus stolonifer (14.8%); Penicillium sp. (7.2%) and the least Aspergillus Niger (8.3%). 5ml concentration of Jatropha leaf and seeds extracts had the highest inhibitory effect on the isolated fungi. This study therefore, suggests that some pathogenic fungi do occur on J. curcas. Also, control of these fungi is possible through the use of plant leaf and seed extracts of J. curcas. The method is cheap, environmentally friendly and affordable to local farmers.