The Influence of the Crop System on Soil and Yield Losses in the Conditions of the Erosioned Soils from Bihor (original) (raw)
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Water runoff and soil erosion, registered in different crops, on 16% slope lands
Cercetari agronomice in Moldova, 2011
The goal of the experiments carried out at the Podu-Iloaiei Agricultural Research Station, Iași County, was the study of water runoff and soil losses, caused by erosion, in different crops and the influence of water and soil erosion on the losses of organic matter and mineral elements from soil. The results on water runoff and soil losses in different crops from the Moldavian Plateau have shown that in the last seven years, of the total amount of 608.4 mm rainfall, 387.5 mm (63.7%) produced water runoff, which was between 8.5 mm in perennial grasses, in the second year of vegetation, and 34.9-36.8 mm, in maize and sunflower crops. The annual soil losses due to erosion, recorded at the same period, were between 0.190 t/ha/year in perennial grasses, and 4.079-4.451 t/ha/year in maize and sunflower crops. Erosion has affected soil fertility by removing once with eroded soil, high amounts of organic carbon and mineral elements, which reached 10.71-11.26 kg/ha nitrogen, 0.56-0.64 kg/ha phosphorus and 0.98-1.11 kg/ha potassium, in maize and sunflower crops. The crop structure, which determined the diminution in mean soil losses by erosion until 1.383 t/ha included 20 % straw cereals, 20% annual legumes, 20% row crops and 40 % perennial grasses and legumes. On land with a slope of 16%, lowering the percentage of weeding plants from 60% to 20% has reduced the amount of eroded soil by 49%.
This research was conducted in one of Shara kebele in the districts of Arba Minch Zuria, in south nations nationalities region located in the low land of Gamo Gofa Zone to assess the problems of soil erosion and to determine how these drivers of soil erosion affect the livelihood of farmers. The research was a case study undertaken in an identified micro-watershed making use of the questionnaire and interviews methods. A household sample was obtained by using a simple random sampling technique, information interviews was conducted with community representatives, and development agents who worked in the community. The objective of the proposal was to assess the causes of soil erosion on crop production and the impact/its effects on livelihoods of the community. The research methods were questionnaire and direct observation. The result of the study indicated that the effects of soil erosion on land productivity, agriculture and livestock production at large had a negative effect on livelihoods of the community members. Recommendation based on the research affirm the necessary to undertake large-scale natural resource management starting with community based watershed management thereby reducing the impact of land degradation on livelihoods of farmers and ensuring food security and sustainable land management.
Effects of Soil Erosion on Crop Productivity in Afgoye, Lower Shabelle-Somalia
Soil erosion is agriculture's enemy: a major environmental threat to sustainability and productivity with knock-on effects of the climate crisis and food security. The study aimed to assess "the effect of soil erosion on crop productivity in Afgoi district lower Shabelle-Somalia. The researchers used a descriptive research design with quantitative methods with a population study of 60 people out of which a sample size of 52 non-probability sampling used to select the sample, and they included well experienced people. Using purposive sampling respondents were chosen from the different departments selected and questionnaires distributed to the selected respondents. Primary data used during collection of data. Data collected by use of questionnaire method and analyzed in the form of tables and figures. The study reported that most of the respondents of this study 23(44 %) were answered strongly agree, this shows that floods are a major cause concern soil erosion. The result indicated that most of the respondents 20(38%) of the respondents were answered agree, and this implies that low yield is one of the effect of soil erosion on crop productivity. The study indicated that most of the respondents 25(48%) were answered strongly agree and this implies that planting cover crops is a major reason that manage soil erosion on crop productivity. The result indicated that most of the respondents 34(65%) were answered yes and this implies that soil fertility decreases due to soil erosion. Our studies recommended that the farmers must plant windbreak and cover crops to avoid soil erosion on crop productivity and also, government must help farmers and do continuous research to decrease soil erosion on crop productivity.
Impact of erosion and tillage on the productivity and quality of selected semiarid soils of Iran
International Agrophysics, 2013
This greenhouse research was carried out to study the effects of water and tillage erosion on agricultural productivity and soil quality in soil samples from a semiarid region of Iran. A factorial experiment of complete randomized block design was used to compare the effects of soil erosion (eroded and non-eroded soils), slope position, water stress and fertilizer (N-P-K) on yield and yield components of wheat as soil productivity index. The results showed that erosion ie water and tillage erosion has a significant effect (p<0.01) in decreasing soil productivity due to its negative impact on soil organic matter, nutrients (N and K) and hydraulic conductivity. Complete N-P-K fertilization and water stress had significant effects on increasing and decreasing of wheat yield, respectively. The effect of water stress in particular was so high that it could eclipse the erosion impact on yield reduction. Wheat dry matter and grain mass on foot and mid slopes were significantly higher th...
Soil Fertility, Erosion, Runoff and Crop Productivity Affected by Different Farming Systems
2014
A field study was undertaken with four farming systems (FS) such as; grasses and fodders, agro-forestry, agriculture (new farming systems) and shifting cultivation (old practice), to investigate the effect of land use on the soil properties, erosion and crop productivity on a loamy acidic Alfisol. Besides crops, the livestock were also kept and their dropping were incorporated in the respective watersheds. Soil sampling was done during first week of May every year from 0-20 cm depth, with auger. A significant increase in soil organic carbon (SOC) up to 0.99%, available P up to 17.2 mg kg -1 , K up to 170 mg kg -1 of soil, pH up to 6.3, was found after 10 years of study over their initial values of 0.46%, 2.7 kg -1 , 105 kg -1 of soil and 4.9, respectively, in the new FS. In shifting cultivation, K status increased up to three years of study and then subsequently decreased. Diethylen etriamine penta acetic acid (DTPA) extractable Zn, Mn, Fe and Cu decreased in all the farming systems...
Soil erosion magnitude of upland farming practices in Bataan
Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management, 2018
There are factors affecting erosion such as climate, soil type, vegetation and topography. Upland areas are denuding exponentially due to the fact that those people looking for livelihood had little concern and awareness on environmental sustainability and management. Upland farming practices that are easy like weeding, pest control and fertilization were often carried out without soil erosion control and water management. The result of the study revealed that an area with intercropped permanent crops has less amount of soil eroded or tolerable annual soil loss. But the areas with short duration crops (cash crops) and which adopted the same cropping pattern from the previous season resulted to severe soil erosion. Calculated annual soil erosion are 3.33, 4.57, 23.18, 0.31 tons and zero erosion for Site 1, Site 2, Site 3, Site 4, and Site 5, respectively.
2010
The influence of the crop system on the main physical properties of the erosioned soil was studied in the year 2000 in the plots for the erosion measurement placed on the hill with 10% slope in Agricultural Research and Development Station Oradea. The metal panels at the base and soil dams there were between the plots. The variants studied: clean fallow, pasture, wheat, maize on the level curves, and maize from hill to valley. The biggest soil losses were determined in the variant with clean fallow and in variants with maize seeded from hill to valley. The erosion determined the important differences between the physical parameters (hydrostability of the macrostructure – aggregates bigger than 0.25 mm, bulk density, total porosity, hydraulic conductivity, penetration resistance) of the soil in the top of the hill in comparison with the base of the hill. In the top of the hill, the values of the physical parameters were less favorable for plants in comparison with the hill base. The ...
Soil Erosion and Crop Productivity Loss for Raigad District of Konkan Region
2020
Balanced ecosystems comprising soil, water and plant environments are essential for the survival and welfare of mankind. However, ecosystems have been disturbed in the past due to over exploitation in many parts of the world, including some parts of India. The resulting imbalance in the ecosystem is revealed through various undesirable effects, such as degradation of soil surfaces, frequent occurrence of intense floods etc. (Kothari, 1996).
Characterization of Soil Erosion under different Agricultural Land Use Types in a Semi-Arid Region
This paper presents soil erosion responses to four different land use types in Maiduguri and environs. Representative of four soils from Dalori, Chad-basin, Jimtilo, and Domboa-road areas of Maiduguri were selected for the study. The four land uses studied were cultivations of orchard, cereal, and leguminous crops alongside bare soil which served as a control. They are representatives of land use practices found throughout Maiduguri and its surrounds. The samples were subjected to rainfall from stationary rainfall simulator. Results showed runoff volumes, soil loss and soil erodibility varied with land use types and locations. Runoff volumes, soil loss and soil erodibility were all higher in cereal crop-cultivated lands, and least in leguminous-crop cultivated lands. Parallel to that, runoff, soil loss and soil erodibility were highest from soils taken from Dalori area, and they were least from soils collected from Chad basin area. Leguminous cropped areas were found to be more effective in binding soil particles than tree crops. Cereal crops demonstrated poor soil binding effectiveness. The study shows that land use changes influenced the soil erosion risk and called for adoption of appropriate soil conservation techniques to preserve the soil quality, improve crop production and sustain environmental health.
Soil and Water Research
Maize (Zea mays L.) belongs among the most important agriculture crops all over the world. The conventional way of cultivating maize with wide row spacing does not have a soil conservation effect and significantly contributes to water erosion and surface run-off. In our research, we tested the soil conservation technology (strip-till into grass cover) which took place in 2016 and 2017 in the location of Central Bohemia. The impact of a strip-till system of maize into grass cover on reducing the soil loss due to erosion was verified on the area of 21 m2 using a rainfall simulator. During the research, 70 measurements were realised. The strip-till was compared to fallow land, conventional cultivation and no-till methods. Profound differences were found in the soil loss between the treatments. There was a decrease in the soil loss of about 98% in the strip-till compared to the conventional cultivation. Moreover, the surface run-off was reduced by 79%. The ANCOVA (analysis of covariance...