0294 Voluntary Alcohol Consumption and Sleep Deprivation in Rats (original) (raw)
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Dose–response study of chronic alcohol induced changes in sleep patterns in rats
Brain Research, 2008
The goal of the present study was to determine an optimum exposure regimen for alterations in sleep induced by chronic alcohol treatments in rats. We used two different exposure routes (alcohol in water and alcohol in liquid diet at two different doses in each regimen (6% and 12% alcohol in water and 3% and 6% alcohol in liquid diet)). All treatments were for 6 weeks. We found the effects of the 6% and 12% in water and 3% in liquid diet to be very similar; all three produced increases in slowwave sleep (SWS) only in the dark period with no changes in rapid-eye-movement sleep (REMS). On the other hand 6% alcohol in liquid diet caused much more dramatic changes, with alterations in both SWS and REMS in both the dark and light periods. These animals spent less time in SWS and REMS during the light period but more time in SWS and REMS in the dark period. Additionally, the variation of slow-wave amplitude (SWA) across day and night in this group of alcoholic animals is blunted with the loss of the peak of SWA at the beginning of light onset compared to the other groups. We conclude that future alcohol treatment regimens used to investigate the effects of alcohol on sleep in adult rats should use an exposure protocol of at least 6 weeks with 6% alcohol in liquid diet.
Diurnal Effects of Acute and Chronic Administration of Ethanol on Sleep in Rats
Alcoholism-clinical and Experimental Research, 2002
Background Disturbances in sleep patterns are a complicating factor in recovery from alcoholism. The effects of acute and chronic alcohol treatments on sleep in rats were determined.Methods Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were acclimated to a temperature-controlled chamber, and electromyograms and electroencephalograms (EEGs) were obtained during 23-hr recording sessions. Time spent in rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) and non-REM sleep (NREMS), EEG slow-wave activity (SWA) during NREMS, a spectral analysis of the EEG by fast Fourier transform, and brain temperatures were determined.Results Acute exposure to alcohol (2.3 and 3.0 g/kg) by gastric intubation at the beginning of dark onset produced an increase in NREMS and a suppression of SWA. Spectral analysis revealed that during the first 4 hr there was a small increase in very-low-frequency bands (0.5–2 Hz), with a suppression of higher-frequency bands. This was followed by a suppression of low-frequency bands. A dose of 3.0 g/kg at light onset caused an increase in NREMS and a suppression of SWA. Spectral analysis revealed a suppression of low-frequency bands throughout the first 12 hr of recording but no change on high-frequency bands with light-onset alcohol. Chronic treatment with alcohol (6% alcohol in a liquid diet with pair-fed isocaloric controls) for 3 weeks produced an increase in NREMS and a decrease in EEG power density in frequency bands above 2 Hz. Chronic alcohol also reduced the circadian variation of REMS, an effect that showed a rebound 1 week after the alcohol treatment was terminated. Two weeks after the alcohol treatment was stopped, NREMS and REMS values returned to baseline.Conclusions These results demonstrate differences in the effect of acute alcohol on sleep depending on the time of administration and demonstrate that distinct alterations in sleep patterns are induced by chronic treatments in as little as 3 weeks.
Acute binge alcohol administration reverses sleep-wake cycle in sprague dawley rats
Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 2014
Binge alcohol drinking is among the most common pattern of alcohol consumption in our society. Binge alcohol consumption has serious negative consequence on mental and physical health. Although alcohol consumption is known to have profound impact on sleep, it is yet unknown as to how binge alcohol affects/alters sleep-wakefulness. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of acute binge alcohol administration on sleep-wakefulness. Male Sprague Dawley rats were used in the study. Under standard aseptic surgical conditions, rats (N = 7) were implanted with sleep-recording electrodes. After postoperative recovery and habituation, baseline sleep-wakefulness was recorded. Subsequently, rats were exposed to binge alcohol treatment as follows: One hour before light onset, a priming dose of 5 g/kg of alcohol was administered followed by 2 subsequent doses (adjusted based on the intoxication level of the rat) approximately 8 hours apart. Sleep-wakefulness was continuously recorde...
Behavioural Brain Research, 2009
Studies have shown that disturbed sleep produced by chronic alcohol abuse in humans can predict relapse drinking after periods of abstinence. How alcohol produces disturbed sleep remains unknown. In this study we used a novel analysis of sleep to examine the effects of alcohol on sleep patterns in rats. This analysis separates waking into multiple components and defines a period labeled vigilance cycling (VC) in which the rat rapidly cycles through various vigilance states. These VC episodes are separated by long duration wake periods (LDW). We find that 6 weeks of alcohol (6% in a liquid diet) caused fragmentation of extended VC episodes that normally occur in the light period. However, total daily amounts of slow-wave sleep (SWS) and rapid-eye movement sleep (REMS) remained constant. The daily amount of wake, SWS, and REMS remained constant because the alcohol treated rats increased the amount of VC in the dark period, and the sleep nature of VC in the dark period became more intense. In addition, we observed more wake and less REMS early in the light period in alcohol treated rats. All effects completely reversed by day 16 of alcohol withdrawal. Comparison of the effects of chronic alcohol to acute alcohol exposure demonstrated the effects of chronic alcohol are due to adaptation and not the acute presence of alcohol. The effects of chronic alcohol treatment in rats mimic the effects reported in humans (REMS suppression, difficulty falling asleep, and difficulty remaining asleep).
Sleep, sleepiness, and alcohol use
Alcohol research & health : the journal of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 2001
The study of alcohol's effects on sleep dates back to the late 1930s. Since then, an extensive literature has described alcohol's effects on the sleep of healthy, nonalcoholic people. For example, studies found that in nonalcoholics who occasionally use alcohol, both high and low doses of alcohol initially improve sleep, although high alcohol doses can result in sleep disturbances during the second half of the nocturnal sleep period. Furthermore, people can rapidly develop tolerance to the sedative effects of alcohol. Researchers have investigated the interactive effects of alcohol with other determinants of daytime sleepiness. Such studies indicate that alcohol interacts with sleep deprivation and sleep restriction to exacerbate daytime sleepiness and alcohol-induced performance impairments. Alcohol's effects on other physiological functions during sleep have yet to be documented thoroughly and unequivocally.
Sleep, sleepiness, sleep disorders and alcohol use and abuse
Sleep Medicine Reviews, 2001
The study of ethanol's effects on sleep has a long history dating back to the work of Nathaniel Kleitman. This paper reviews the extensive literature describing ethanol's effects on the sleep of healthy normals and alcoholics and the newer literature that describes its interactive effects on daytime sleepiness, physiological functions during sleep, and sleep disorders. Ethanol initially improves sleep in non-alcoholics at both low and high doses with disturbance in the second half of the night sleep at high doses. Tolerance develops to the initial beneficial effects. In alcoholics sleep is disturbed both while drinking and for months of abstinence and the nature of the abstinent sleep disturbance is predictive of relapse. Ethanol interacts to exacerbate daytime sleepiness and sleep-disordered breathing, even inducing apnea in persons at risk. Ethanol's effects on other physiological functions during sleep and other sleep disorders has yet to be documented.
Effects of Alcohol on Polysomnographically Recorded Sleep in Healthy Subjects
Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 2006
Background: After studying the sleep of alcohol-dependent patients at the beginning and over the course of abstinence in earlier studies, our interest in the current study focused on the direct effect of 2 doses of alcohol [0.03 and 0.1% blood alcohol level (BAL)] on healthy sleep. This is the first polysomnographic study testing the impact of 2 doses of alcohol ingestion (thus reflecting ''normal'' social drinking and alcohol abuse) in a single-blind randomized design in healthy volunteers. The study evaluated a short-term acute drinking period for 3 and 2 days of withdrawal from alcohol not only for polysomnographic variables but also for subjective estimates of sleep quality.
Sleep and low doses of alcohol
Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology, 1980
The effect of 3 doses of alcohol (0.16, 0.32 and 0.64 g/kg) on sleep was studied in 6 healthy young adults. Total sleep time was increased and awake activity was reduced by 0.16 g/kg. The sleep efficiency index was improved by 0.16 and 0.32 g/kg. All 3 doses reduced slow wave sleep, and this was related to the latter part of the night. There was some evidence that REM sleep was delayed, and the REM/NREM ratio reduced. Low doses of alcohol may partially improve sleep, but there are reductions in slow wave activity, and disturbances in REM sleep are likely above 0.32 g/kg.