Microbiological contamination in water filtration plants in islamabad (original) (raw)
Related papers
Bacteriological status of drinking water in the periurban areas of Rawalpindi and Islamabad-Pakistan
In order to ascertain the water quality for human consumption the microbial contamination was analyzed in a prospective study which was conducted in collaboration with National Institute of Health, Islamabad. This surveillance work was carried out during the months of July to August at the peak of summer season. In order to evaluate the objective parameters for assessment of the public health concerns in the peri-urban areas of both Islamabad and Rawalpindi, a cross section of total 108 water samples from different sources was analyzed by standard microbiological methods. To estimate the amount of faecal coliforms in water samples, the most probable number (MPN) technique was used and it was found that amongst the total water samples, 68.5% had total viable count and 39.9% were positive for Escherichia coli. This study highlighted the poor hygienic conditions of the water quality standards in this area of investigation. The related endemic health problems can be checked by taking appropriate preventive measures to forestall the major outbreak in the future.
The study was carried out for the bacteriological quality of drinking water from three sources (Tube well water, Hand pump and Open well water) of ten localities of Peshawar rural areas. The bacteriological analyses were Total Plate Count (TPC), Total Coliform Bacteria (TCB), Total fecal Coliform Bacteria (TFCB) and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Bacteriological analysis of tube well drinking water results revealed that highest TPC values 576 cfu/ml and the lowest were 76 cfu/ml, TCB were found in the range 23-<1.1MPN/100ml, TFCB were found in the range 16-<1.1MPN/100ml and E. coli O157:H7 were present in four localities water samples. The Hand pump water samples showed that TPC were in the range 234-32cfu/ml, TCB were found in the range 23-<1.1MPN/100ml, highest TFCB (MPN/100ml) values 16 and lowest values <1.1 and 50% samples were contaminated with E. coli O157:H7. Open well water samples analysis data indicated that 80% samples were unfit due to higher TPC values for human...
Bacteriological Quality Analysis of Tap Water of Karachi, Pakistan
Tap water supplies in Pakistan comes from lakes, well, and springs. Tap water samples were studied to assess their bacteriological characteristics and suitability for potable purposes. A cross-sectional epidemiological method was adopted to investigate the tap water of ten main localities of Karachi. The bacteriological examination of water samples included the most probable number of presumptive coliforms, faecal coliforms, and faecal streptococci. The results showed that the total coliform count was detected in all samples of water taken from Karachi Pakistan. Another methods Escherichia coli (EC) medium and Membrane Filtrations Technique also used for the detection of coliforms. In both methods coliforms presence were indicated except sample number eight, that was purified bottle water.The most common group of indicator organisms used in water quality monitoring are coliforms. These organisms are representative of bacteria normally present in the intestinal tract of mammals inclu...
Microbial contamination of drinking water in Pakistan—a review
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2014
Water pollution with pathogenic microorganisms is one of the serious threats to human health, particularly in developing countries. The main objective of this article is to highlight microbial contamination of drinking water, the major factors responsible for microbial contamination, and the resulting health problems in Pakistan. Furthermore, this study will be helpful for researchers and administrative agencies to initiate relevant studies and develop new policies to protect further deterioration of water supply with pathogenic microbes and ensure clean and safe drinking water to the public in Pakistan. In Pakistan, water at the source, in the distribution network, and at the consumer tap is heavily polluted with coliforms and fecal coliforms all over the country. An overview of more than 7,000 water samples reviewed here reveals that an average of over 71 and 58 % samples in the country was contaminated with total coliforms and fecal coliforms, respectively. Drinking water contamination accounts for 20 to 40 % of all diseases in the country, which causes national income losses of Rs 25-58 billion annually (US$0.25-0.58 billion, approximately 0.6-1.44 % of the country's GDP). Improper disposal of industrial and municipal wastes is the most important factor responsible for water pollution in the country followed by cross-contamination due to old and leaking pipes and lack of water filtration and disinfection facilities. There is an urgent need for emergency steps to stop further deterioration of water quality and improve the existing water quality so as to protect the public from widespread waterborne diseases.
Microbial contamination levels in the drinking water and associated health risk in Karachi, Pakistan
Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 2019
The current study aimed to assess the microbial quality of municipal (tap) and ground (borehole) water in Karachi, Pakistan. A health survey was also conducted to assess possible health risks of the drinking water. Fifty water samples (n = 25 each of tap and ground water) were collected from various locations of five administrative districts of Karachi for bacteriological analysis. In addition, a survey was conducted to assess the impact of drinking water on the health of city residents. Microbiological analysis results showed the presence of total coliform in 48 out of 50 (96%) tested samples. The total viable plate count at 37 °C was >200 CFU/ml in the majority of the collected samples which exceeded the permissible limit set by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency. To evaluate the health risk of contaminated water, a total of 744 residents were interviewed. The information acquired from this field work revealed a high prevalence ...
Microbiological Assessment of Water Samples Collected from Different Areas of Karachi, Pakistan
International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology, 2018
Water is essential for living beings. The strength of humans and different life forms is identified with safe water other than anything. The most well-known and far-reaching threat related to drinking water is pollution from direct and indirect resources straight forwardly or by implication, by sewage, different squanders or human excrement. Around 25 years back, legitimate evaluations showed that every year about 500 million individuals are influenced by water associated sickness and more than 10 million of these expire. In a current analysis in light of WHO information, it is shown that 3/4 of every single human sickness is caused by natural contamination. A total of 100 water samples were collected from different areas of Karachi for the microbiological assessment of contaminants in potable water. The samples were analyzed according to the standard microbiological testing protocol. Seventy-eight (78%) untreated and twenty-two (22%) treated water testers were found positive for coliforms. Fecal coliform and fecal Streptococci were present in 57 and 27 testers respectively. Escherichia coli were found in 73% of the samples which is an indicator of fecal contamination. Hence, we can use this study for microbiological assessment of the drinking water available in different areas of Karachi.
Microbial Contamination in Drinking Water of Saggiyan-Lahore, Pakistan
International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology, 2021
The present study was carried to evaluate the physico-chemical parameters and microbial contamination of drinking water in the area of Saggiyan, Lahore. The tested water samples (S1-S30) were found to contain 199.6-402 mg/L TDS, 196-260 ppm EC, 196-260 ppm Hardness, 0.8-17 NTU turbidity, 169-290 mg/L alkalinity, 0-0.1 ppb arsenic and 0-0.1 ppm fluoride contents. 95% of the water samples were found contaminated with fecal coliforms while 27% of the samples had shown the presence of E. coli. Though the physico-chemical parameters of most water samples were found in the safe limits of WHO, however, the presence of microbial contamination rendered it non-suitable for drinking purposes.
Spatial Patterns and Trends of Escherichia coli in Public Water Supply System of Lahore, Pakistan
Biological Sciences - PJSIR, 2018
Most of the Northern and Central part of Lahore district is supplied with ground water by Water and Sanitation Government Authority. The quality of public water supply is getting deteriorating due to increasing population of Lahore city. Moreover, the effects of microbial water pollutants on health of population of study area have been addressed. In this research, presence of Escherichia coli in pre & post monsoon seasons has been focused. The water samples were taken from tube wells as well as adjacent houses. A questionnaire survey was also conducted to find out the responses of people in study area. It was clear from the results of the study that E. coli were detected in all the water samples of public water supply system. An increase in growth of pathogens was also noticed in post monsoon season. It was also proved from study that many people were suffering from diarrhoea at sample places where E. coli were identified. The mixing of sewage with drinking water was the major cau...
Bacteriological Quality of Drinking Water in Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Ecoprint: An International Journal of Ecology, 2015
The present study was aimed to isolate and identify micro-organisms load of drinking water of Mardan city, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. A total of 27 samples of drinking water were collected from different locations of the study area. Total Plate Count was determined by pour plate method, while total coliforms, total fecal coliforms and E. coli were determined by multiple tube fermentation method. Of the total collected samples, 17 (62.96%) samples were contaminated with either one or more than one type of microorganisms. The results of most probable number test showed that 13 (48.15%) samples were unsatisfactory. It was concluded that the water should be treated before consumption for drinking purpose. Regular assessment of the water quality is recommended as regular monitoring of the water quality for improvement not only prevents disease and hazards but also checks the water resources from becoming further polluted. ECOPRINT 21: 1-6, 2014DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/eco.v21i0.1...
Microbiological Analysis of Drinking Water from Different Areas of Lahore
International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology, 2021
Access to safe drinking water and its regular monitoring is essential to ensure the health and safety of the public. This study aimed to analyze the microbiological quality of drinking water supplies (filtered and unfiltered) from various towns of Lahore, Pakistan. In total, 135 water samples, with and without filtration (n=90) and additional 45 bottled drinking water samples of different brands from the local market were collected from 9 towns of Lahore. To determine the microbiological quality, all samples were subjected to total plate count, total coliform, E. coli, Streptococci and Salmonella detection. According to the findings, the total plate count from various water supplies was significantly higher as compared to bottled drinking water samples. Drinking water from supplies with filtration and without filtration was found to be contaminated with total coliform (51%), E. coli (51%) and total coliform (84.5%), E. coli (84.5%), faecal Streptococci (15.5%), and Salmonella (11.1%...