Wear behaviour of Al–Mo–Ni composite coating at elevated temperature (original) (raw)
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Scuffing and wear behavior of aluminum piston skirt coatings against aluminum cylinder bore
Wear, 1999
Ž. Various coatings, especially nickel based ceramic composite NCC coatings, have been considered as an alternative to the use of iron plating on aluminum pistons in aluminum cylinder bore engines. Laboratory simulation tests were conducted to determine the scuffing Ž. and wear behavior of piston coatings against 390 Al engine cylinder bore. The tested piston coatings included nickel-tungsten Ni-W Ž. plating, electroless Ni plating, NiP coatings with ceramic particles such as boron nitride BN , SiC, or Si N , as well as titanium nitride 3 4 Ž. Ž. physical vapor deposition PVD coating, diamond-like carbon DLC coating, and hard anodizing. The scuffing and wear resistances of these coatings were evaluated and compared with tin plating and iron plating. Wear tests were performed in lubricated sliding at 400 K, using a modified Cameron Plint High Frequency test machine with a special fixture to hold the piston samples. Scuffing tests were conducted under the conditions in which lubricant starvation occurred. Metallographical work and chemical analysis of the interactive surface layers were performed on the tested samples. The simulation test results ranked the relative performance of the coatings against 390 Al bore, and revealed their tribological characteristics. NiP -BN coating, iron plating and Ni-W plating showed very good scuffing resistance when sliding against 390 Al bore samples. DLC, electroless Ni plating and NiP -SiC coating had moderate scuffing resistance against 390 Al. NiP -Si N and TiN coatings had marginal scuffing resistance against 390 Al. TiN PVD coating had the most severe 3 4 wear on 390 Al bore samples. Hard anodizing, DLC, NiP -SiC and Ni-Si N coatings had less severe wear on 390 Al than TiN coating. 3 4 With very good wear resistance themselves, Ni-W plating, electroless Ni plating, iron plating and NiP -BN coating produced the least wear on 390 Al. Engine dynamometer tests were conducted to confirm the simulation test results. This work indicates that the scuffing and wear bench simulation tests can be used as a rapid, low-cost and repeatable means of screening and studying the tribological behavior of the potential material combinations of piston coatings and cylinder bores.
Procedia Technology, 2016
Thermal spray coating was found very stable even in erosion, abrasion, scratch and heavy load conditions. At elevated temperatures, it protects the solid lubricants entrapped in it and thus causes the layer to be stable and dynamic. In the present work, Ni and 60% wt. of Al 2 O 3, were mixed in fixed proportion as thermal spray with entrapped solid lubricant through D-Gun on the substrate. The solid lubricants mixed in thermal spray were graphite and PTFE. The specimen was taken and cleaned properly and coated with thermal spray and solid lubricating coatings of 0.5 micrometer. These were then ultrasonically cleaned in the acetone bath. The coating is done by a duo spray pump that spurts the coating on the work piece. This pump spurting is controlled by a semi permeable membrane coated on the work piece. The coating s were evaluated for erosive wear performance. Coatings were tested at different air pressure, temperature and impingement angle. The Graphite and NiAl 2 O 3 coating is found to be more stable tribologically as compared to PTFE and NiAl 2 O 3 coating at high temperatures and pressures. Morphological analysis of coatings was also done.
Surface topography, 2022
The aim of this research is to study the comparative wear behaviour of pure Al 2 O 3 with varying TiO 2 content due to the high demand in the industry for high temperature applications such as the automotive industry (piston ring and liner), petrochemicals industry (pump sleeves) and textile industry tools which require the hard bearing surface, abrasion resistance and particle corrosion at the temperature of up to 400 °C. In the present study, three coatings of Al 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3-13%(TiO 2) and Al 2 O 3-40%(TiO 2) composite coatings were deposited by the thermally ame spray process. The comparative wear behaviour of the Al 2 O 3-TiO 2 coatings has been studied under high temperature of up to 400°C using a high temperature tribometer at a constant load of 40N. Before the wear test, the mechanical properties of the coated samples such as microhardness and surface roughness were studied. The morphological analysis was determined by eld emission scanning electron microscope, elemental dispersion spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction techniques. The results reveal that speci c wear rate decreases with a rise in temperature for all the deposited coating except Al 2 O 3 coating at 400°C. The friction coe cient of deposited three alumina based coatings is decreasing with the increasing temperature. The research reveals that the Al 2 O 3-40%TiO 2 coating has the highest wear resistance properties as well as a low coe cient of friction due to its low hardness and high adhesion properties. For Al 2 O 3-40%TiO 2 coating the measured values of speci c wear rate varying from 0.034567*10-3 mm 3 /Nm to 0.014581*10-3 mm 3 /Nm and the average values of coe cient friction ranging from 0.7284 to 0.3901 as temperature varying from room temperature to 400°C. In the worn out surface of deposited coatings, brittle fracture and abrasive wear behaviour were observed from room temperature to 400°C.
A DISSERTATION ON WEAR BEHAVIOUR OF ALUMINIUM & BRASS
Abstract: Wear is major problem in industry and its direct cost is estimated to vary between 1 to 4 % of gross national product. Therefore many efforts have been made to produce more durable materials and techniques to reduce the wear of the tools and the engineering components. These include modification of bulk properties of the materials, surface treatments and application of the coating, etc. over the last few years many efforts have been made to understand the behavior of the surfaces in sliding contact and the mechanism, which leads to wear. The applications of the Aluminum, Mild steel composites for the machine parts, particularly due to some very attractive characteristics such as high strength to weight ratio, excellent cast ability, pressure tightness, low coefficient of thermal expansion, good thermal conductivity, good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance The composites are mainly used in aerospace, automobiles, marine engineering and turbine compressor engineering applications. MMCs are used for light weight as well as high temperature applications. MMCs found wide applications in marine castings, motor cars & lorry fittings/pistons & engine parts, cylinder block and heads, cylinder liners, axles & wheels, rocker arms , automotive transmission casings, water cooled manifolds and jackets , piston for internal combustion engines , pump parts, high speed rotating parts and impellers etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2021
https://www.ijert.org/three-body-abrasive-wear-studies-on-en-8-steel-by-alumina-zirconia-fly-ash-based-thermal-coating https://www.ijert.org/research/three-body-abrasive-wear-studies-on-en-8-steel-by-alumina-zirconia-fly-ash-based-thermal-coating-IJERTV10IS010162.pdf An investigation was made to evaluate the effect of the incorporation of alumina, zirconia and in combination with fly ash on the abrasive wear behavior of EN8 steel. The wear behavior of plain EN8 steel and different particles like Alumina, Zirconia, and fly ash coatings studied systematically with respect to load, sliding speed. The wear volume loss increases with increasing load. However the specific wear rate decreases with thermal coating of Alumina, Zirconia and fly ash on EN8 steel. It is revealed that the better wear resistance of the EN8 steel by using thermal coating. It is also noted that weight loss increases with increase in load and speed. Meanwhile, the wear mechanisms of EN8 steel and with different coatings (like Al2O3, ZrO2, fly-ash) percentage is described and analyzed. Key words: Three body abrasive rubber wheels, Alumina, zirconia, EN8steel, wear mechanism. 1. INTRODUCTION Three-body abrasive wear is defined as "Wear triggered by free rolling and sliding of particles that are confined by two counter faces experiencing a relative sliding motion" [1]. The particles involved in three-body abrasive wear could be generated by wear debris or have an external source such as sand and soot. The role of lubricant-borne debris and their deformation and fracture on three body abrasive wear was investigated in Ref. [2]. Three-body abrasive wear originated from the presence of soot particles in lubricated contacts is a key contributor to wear in diesel engines [3, 4]. Elevated operating temperatures, higher friction, and intensified wear rates in gears as a result of lubricant contamination were also investigated [5]. Reza Gheisari.et.al[6] reported on three body abrasive wear of hard coatings. They concluded that ratio of abrasive hardness to bearing surface plays an important role in three body abrasive situations. JG Alotaibi.et.al [7] studied the wear behavior and wear mechanism of different metals sliding against stainless steel counter face. They concluded that specific wear rate versus sliding distance is almost same for all metals sliding stainless steel. It is divided into two regions, running in and steady state. In the later the specific wear rate is almost steady with increase in sliding distance. Boachao zheng and Zhifa Hang [8].et.al studied the three body abrasive wear behavior of cementite with different chromium concentrations. They concluded that when Cr content less than 6.03wt% single phase cementite was obtained by MA and SPA and increase in Cr led to improve hardness and wear resistance. When Cr content less than 8.22%, Cr atoms are distributed in Cementite to form Cr-rich zones of more hardness. These zones reduces the pit dept and roughness and improves the cementite abrasive resistance.S.Das Bakshi, P.H.Shipway.et.al [9] reported on the three body abrasive wear of fine pearalite, nanostrured bainite, and marten site. They concluded that hardest phase marten site has greater wear rate, whereas Pearlite better resistance abrasion. It also concluded that bainite wears by combination of grooving and small minor pitting, whereas in marten site cutting mechanism is dominant. Kaihong zhang,Yamin gao[10] et.al studied the three body abrasive wear resistance of iron matrix composites reinforced with ceramic particles. They concluded that wear resistance of the composite is mainly related to the fracture strength and bending strength of ceramic particles. The ZTA (55-60ZRO2) reinforced Cr25 composite exhibit good wear resistance which 6 times more than that of Cast iron matrix. A.A cenna and J.Doyle [11] et.al investigated on wear mechanisms in polymer matrix composites abraded by bulk solids. They concluded that the abrasive resistance of reinforced composite material is a micro-mechanisms process that occurs during abrasive wear. Which in turn, are strongly depend upon the hardness of wear media. Both two body and three body wear patterns are possible by bulk solids sliding across polymer matrix composites.Antoriao.et.al [12] studied on wear resistance and wear mechanism of WC-12%CO thermal sprayed coatings in three-body abrasion. They concluded that micro-polishing and gradual degradation of the lamellae was predominant wear mechanism in tests with SiO2 abrasives. The wear mechanism with Al2O3 abrasives was plastic deformation .A.P Harsha .and U.S Tiwari. [13].et.al reported on three body abrasive wear behavior of Polyaryle ether ketone composites. They concluded that abrasive wear rate is higher in composites than the neat matrix at different loads. 2. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS 2.1 Materials: In this experiment metal subtratate (EN8) plate of thickness 20mm thickness length 5m purchased from Surya steels and alloys Peenya industrial area Bangalore. The metal substrate is grinded with surface grinding machine to obtain surface
Wear on tool steel AISI M2, D6 and 52100 coated with Al 2O 3 by the MOCVD process
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2006
Present work investigates the wear resistance of tool steels and 52100 steel coated with Al 2 O 3 by MOCVD process. The wear tests by sliding and abrasion were performed in a pin-on-disk and ball-on-disk apparatus whose pin and ball substrates were steels fabricated from AISI M2, D6 and 52100. The MOCVD coating processes were carried out in a research laboratory apparatus at 200 • C under N 2 + O 2 atmosphere. The counterface disks were ABNT 1008 steel sheet used in the brazilian fridge industry. The wear resistances of the coated tool steels were evaluated trough the pin-on-disk test, using a sliding velocity 0.6 m/s, normal loads of 20 and 30 N, total sliding distance of 2400 m and controlled conditions of temperature and humidity. The pin and ball material substrate were quenched and tempered, and the disks were tested as received. From the plotted graphs of lost volume versus sliding distance, it was observed that occurred a greater wear rate of AISI D6 pins without coating, this is possibly due to more severe adhesion and delamination mechanisms. The AISI M2 and D6 pin coated with Al 2 O 3 showed similar wear resistance and higher resistance than the uncoated D6 pin. However, the tested sphere of AISI 52100 showed different behaviour under 20 N normal load. For both sphere coated with Al 2 O 3 and uncoated the wear rate were similar. From microscopy observations, in order to have accurate measures of ball wear rate, it is proposed a new method to measure wear resistance of ball and pin in the pin-on-disk tests: wear can be measured by the wear track width or area left on the ball tip. The graphs of track width versus sliding distance are shown and the curves for tested material and coating are compared. Pin and ball lower lost volume rate and wear track width with sliding distance is related to greater surface hardness after heat treatment and the coating process. Nitrided M2 and D6 tool steels coated with Al 2 O 3 showed superior wear resistance characteristics for cold working tooling. The spheres of AISI 52100 coated with Al 2 O 3 presented poor wear resistance due to surface defects.
TRIBOLOGICAL WEAR ANALYSIS OF Ti-Al COMPOSITE COATINGS APPLIED WITH THE COLD SPRAY METHOD
Tribologia
The possibility of using the low-pressure cold gas spraying (LPCS) method to create composite coatings hasbeen known and used for a long time. This method makes it possible to create coatings from physically andchemically different powders and to regenerate components damaged during operation. Composite coatingsof titanium and aluminium at different weight concentrations were selected for the study. The research wasconducted to optimise the influence of the chemical composition of the composite coatings on their tribologicalproperties. This paper presents the results of tribological wear testing of composite coatings applied using thelow-pressure cold gas spray (LPCS) method. Wear resistance tests were performed using the ball-on-platemethod in reciprocating motion using a steel ball. Tribological testing of the coatings included determiningthe effect of contact force on wear and the value of the kinetic coefficient of friction of the friction pairs tested.The study determined the o...
Commonly used coatings to protect tools in die casting were used. A heat treatment and then surface coating can have a large effect resistance of erosion damage. Samples have been tested to evaluate their resistances to erosive wear and to assess how this compares with behavior seen for untreated material. Five commercial PlasmaNitrided + TitaniumNitride (PN + TiN), Plasma Nitrided + Titanium Aluminum Carbo-Nitride (PN + TiAlCN), Duplex Titanium Nitride (TiN X 2), Titanium Nitride (TiN), and Titanium Aluminum Carbo-Nitride (TiAlCN) coatings have been evaluated for their wear resistance. Examination of coating materials revealed an important parameter associated with the failure of the coating materials. Adequately, well-adhered coating withstands wear much better compared to the poorest-adhering coating. 1. INTROCUCTION: Erosive wear is material removal by impingement of solid particles, or liquid droplets [1]. From previous studies were aimed to evaluation commercial hard coatings, some of which are now described. Salas et al. [2] carried out a study to observe the tribological behaviour of candidate coatings such as: CrC, CrN, TiAlN and TiN/TiC for aluminium die casting dies. Scratch testing and wear tracks were analyzed by optical microscopy. Optical profilometry was used to characterize the coatings. In addition, they were mentioned that it was impossible to obtain a value for the wear volume, especially in the shallow tracks, and then data obtained was incomplete to compare the wear performance. Panjan et al. [3]carried out tests on die casting tools with a duplex treatment, we studied the applications of CrN, PN + CrN and PN + TiAlN in aluminium die casting and evaluated the coatings by optical and SEM microscopy. The performance tests were made under real manufacturing conditions and surfaces and duplex treated cores were checked after 2700, 4150 and 7490 shots. Klimeket al. [4] described duplex treatments consisting of plasma nitriding and hard PACVD coating, which were improved wear, fatigue, corrosion resistance. They used a scratch test to evaluate the coating layers. Pfohlet al. [5] carried out tests on the wear resistance of PACVD coatings in aluminium die casting. They assessed their suitability using adhesion (scratch test) and friction behaviour (pin on disk) as indicators of performance. Rieet al. [6] chose zirconium and boron containing coatings to develop the aluminium die casting tools by means of MO-PACVD. For