Understanding Hungarian Recreational Forest Landscape Development towards Forest Conservation (original) (raw)
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Recreational forest has being developed for the purposes of preserving and conserving natural forest from diminish. In order to make sure recreational forest sustainability and their existence is long-lasting, maintenance works need to carry out by the management. Furthermore, due to recreational forest landscapes is always the combine of natural landscape and human made elements, a proper and good maintenance plan need being established. Therefore, this study aims to understand how recreational forests being keep up towards sustainability in hungary. Objective of the study is to explore and understand landscape maintenance practices in keeping pace with user needs and demands in hungarian recreational forests. As a result, this study highlighted that landscape maintenance should include all landscape elements which are natural landscape and human made landscape elements in the maintenance program including park cleanliness. Maintenance works could be divides into three categories: daily, corrective and prevention. Their works need being planned according to daily, weekly, monthly and annually based on needs and requirements of landscape types. Proper and systematic landscape maintenance helps in increasing user satisfaction on recreational forest landscape development towards sustainability and long-lasting the park existence.
Formal and legal aspects of the forest landscape design in Poland
Forum geografic, 2012
In the article possibilities of forest designing established on the basis of results of analyses of legal documents (acts and regulations) being in effect in Poland concerning spatial planning, nature conservation and forestry were presented. Achieved results allow to state, that issues concerning landscape approach are becoming more and more important in the realization of principles of the forest management led in Poland. In forests, amongst action associated with the necessity of the landscape protection, management and planning a need of reconstruction of tree stands, keeping all open areas in a natural or near-natural extent, limiting the area of total fellings, increasing the species diversity of ecotones are named. And so the possibilities of landscape design concern mainly culture and management aspects. Simultaneously a lack of many significant references to the scope of applied solutions in the area of forestry engineering was observed.
The issue of recreation in a broad sense and from the aspect of urban planning is related to other urban functions, as well as to certain functional and ecological principles of spatial organization of cities (Douglas, 2000). The research presented in this paper indicate that the recreational function, as an urban planning category, receives inadequate treatment in the spatial, regional, and urban plans in Republic of Srpska, that is not proper for the new approach to evaluation and defining of important elements of urban planning, such as forest areas. Obscure urban plans do not allow concrete actions in terms of better planning of such spaces, and it hinders supervision of their sustainable development. Urban forests are key elements of green infrastructure and they provide essential ecosystem services (Capotorti et al., 2015). Current city development process in Republic of Srpska is characterized by an increase in number of buildings where economic factors impact the urban structure and share of open recreational spaces in the total area despite their increased functional and ecological justification. The process of intensive construction endangers natural resources such as forest complexes, thus they are becoming more and more valuable. In this paper, forest complexes will be regarded as a spatial category on example of the case study of Banja Luka. Seeking new solutions in order to obtain primarily qualitative then quantitative changes in representation, manner of use, and arrangement of forest complexes within the green matrix of Banja Luka, is an imperative. Whether these special and functional green structures would be designed for recreational or strictly protective functions, perhaps as a cultural landscape, or a green structure of polyvalent character, depends on many factors. This research focuses on fifteen forest management units (MU) that were selected by a method of separation of gravitational area and recreational zones in the city of Banja Luka. The method, besides its originality, contains BITTERLICH's 104 LJ. DOŠENOVIĆ, T. TRKULJA, M. SEKULIĆ ratio of population separation for needs of forest complexes, which increases with the increase of population density and decrease of the distance from a forest area. This method for determining recreational value within a gravitational area is used to define the value of the forest complex location factor, as well as the value of its natural characteristics, i.e. whether the forest is suitable for recreation (Medarević, 1993). Evaluation postulates are presented numerically and graphically by use of GIS technology for Republic of Srpska municipalities based on the previously prepared data model. The research results indicate that their practical use is possible in the domain of planning, designing, and organization of forest complexes to accommodate urban recreational needs.
Forest Research Papers, 2015
The aim of the study was to present plans (up to 2030) for the development of infrastructure and tourism activities in the Polish landscape parks located in the area of the State Forests’ administration. At the end of 2013, a survey was conducted the results of which were verified and their analysis completed in 2014. The questionnaire was sent to the directorates of all 122 parks. 70.5% of the directorates replied to the open question inquiring about their plans and demands for tourist activities (including educational tourism) and recreation. These were then correlated to parks in areas under the State Forests’ administration. The most commonly proposed/planned actions by the directorates in cooperation with the Forest Districts are: construction of new educational paths (in 41.9% of parks), maintaining the existing ones (24.4%) and the organization of tourism/recreation and educational events (22.1%). The largest share of proposed/planned actions without the cooperation of the Fo...
Recent landscape research in Hungary
Belgeo, 2004
Background and main fields of landscape research 1 Hungary. Although projects in purely fundamental research also survive, market conditions are gradually extending to geography as well. In Hungary classical landscape geography heavily relied on geomorphology (Horváth, 1997; Pécsi & al. 1993; Marosi, 1980). In our opinion, recently new directions evolved in landscape research and they secure a respectable position for the discipline both among the natural sciences and in society. Unfortunately, geography is gradually being pushed back in primary and secondary public education. In higher education however, specialisation related to landscape study (training research geographers, landscape architects, experts in agricultural and rural policy or in environmental management etc.) is increasingly popular.
Moving toward coordinated management of timber and other resource uses in Hungarian forests
The Forestry Chronicle, 1994
This paper presents the relationships and development of forestry and wildlife management in Hungary during the past 70 years. Current problems of coordination are rooted in the cardinal principle of Hungarian forestry that defines the purpose of forest management as "sustainable and increasing wood production", and regards recreational, educational, and wildlife management as secondary uses. Forestry and game management share several common elements such as educational and scientific underpinnings, direction and regulation, and planning systems. Nonetheless, poor coordination and profit-driven management have resulted in serious resource conflicts associated with extensive clearcutting, habitat destruction, diminished diversity in tree plantations, game damage to reforestation efforts, and other problems. Scientific and professional cooperation are necessary to create an ecologically-sound basis to coordinate resource uses and to harmonize the objectives of timber product...
Forests
This paper deals with the possibility of harmonising the needs of society and the possibilities of the forest property manager. The Municipal forest enterprise of the city of Hradec Králové (MLHK) in the Czech Republic (CZ) is an example of this principle, which proves that the intensive development of a recreational service is possible without limiting this principle. The forest enterprise manages 3707 ha of forest in the immediate vicinity of the city with 92,000 inhabitants. The forest enterprise pays the city rent and makes a profit. The data were obtained by analysing the economic data of the surveyed company, the annual observation of the forest attendance, the surveys of the characteristics of the forest visitors and the surveys of selected 16 companies (from seven countries) managing the forests of some European cities. The main results concerning MLHK are as follows: the share of recreational service costs in the total costs of the forestry activities is 19.7%. The recreati...
Ecological Processes, 2014
Introduction: This paper presents basic information on the research, classification, and application of the functions of tree species and their communities (mainly forest) in Slovakia. The main aim is a scientific assessment of acquired knowledge regarding the functional effects of forests under real ecological, forest management and socio-economic conditions from various regions in Slovakia; the most up-to-date findings concerning the ecology and economics of natural resources will be applied here. The second part of the paper presents methodological possibilities for valuation of outdoor recreation in forests. Different methods and methodological approaches suitable to a valuation of recreation based on various principles and criteria (preference and non-preference methods, cost-based methods, revenue-based methods, and direct and indirect methods) are analyzed. A practical application of one indirect preference method (travel cost method) is made to evaluate outdoor recreation in forests in Slovakia. Results and conclusions: A new classification system and a methodology of integrative utilization of forest functions for the forest ecosystem services are constructed. Outdoor recreation in forests, besides recreational forests and areas, assumes the character of a public good: its use by individuals has some influence on utilization by other individuals, and single users cannot be excluded from its utilization. Therefore, some stimulation for its production is missing. In principle, there are no markets for these kinds of public goods and services. The total value of outdoor recreation in forests in Slovakia amounted to €163.4 million; if opportunity time costs were included, this amounted to as much as €825.7 million.
Acta Horticulturae et Regiotecturae
In this paper, the procedures and indicators of systematic inventorisation and analysis of the existing vegetation of urban landscapes are presented and applied. The analysis of the vitality of existing trees was performed using the Visual Tree Assessment (VTA) method on the location of Park in Stari Mikanovci, Croatia. The results of these analyses were used as a basis for the protection and care of existing vegetation, but also their implementation in the design. For this purpose, four different conceptual solutions for the park design were formed. The process of generating different concepts tried to answer the questions: whether the maximum preservation of vegetation elements is a limiting factor in the creative phase of the design process, and whether consistent preservation of vegetation elements will generate similarities of design solutions. Four conceptual solutions were developed by four different authors who were given the same project task: (a) maximum possible preservat...