Rubella and measles seroprevalence among women of childbearing age, Argentina, 2002 (original) (raw)
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European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2015
Nonimmune neonates and nonimmune pregnant women are at risk of developing rubella, measles and mumps infections, including congenital rubella syndrome. We describe the seroepidemiology of measles, mumps and rubella in neonates and pregnant women in Catalonia (Spain). Anti-rubella, anti-measles and anti-mumps serum IgG titers were assessed using ELISA tests in 353 cord blood samples from neonates of a representative sample of pregnant women obtained in 2013. The prevalence of protective antibody titers in neonates was 96% for rubella IgG (≥8 IU/ml), 90% for measles IgG (>300 IU/ml), and 84% for mumps IgG (>460 EU/ml). Slightly lower prevalences of protective IgG titers, as estimated from the cord blood titers, were found in pregnant women: 95% for rubella IgG, 89% for measles IgG and 81% for mumps. The anti-measles and anti-mumps IgG titers and the prevalences of protective IgG titers against measles and mumps increased significantly (p<0.001) with maternal age. The prevalence of protective anti-measles IgG titers decreased by 7% (OR=0.15, p<0.001), the prevalence of protective anti-rubella IgG titers increased by 3% (OR=1.80, p<0.05), and the MMR vaccination coverage (during childhood) in pregnant women increased by 54% (OR=2.09, p<0.001) from 2003 to 2013. We recommend to develop an MMR prevention programme in women of childbearing age based on mass MMR vaccination or MMR screening and vaccination of susceptible women to increase immunity levels against measles, mumps and rubella.
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2003
In 2000, Costa Rica set a goal for accelerated rubella control and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) prevention in conjunction with its established measles eradication goal. To achieve this goal, a National Plan of Action for the integration of a measles-rubella (MR) vaccination strategy was implemented. The components of the national plan included conducting a national vaccination campaign with a single dose of MR vaccine for men and women aged 15-39 years, establishing routine postpartum MR vaccination of all previously unvaccinated women, maintaining high coverage among children with two doses of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine, strengthening the integrated measles and rubella surveillance system, and developing a CRS surveillance system. This report summarizes the results of a successful adult campaign. Targeting MR vaccination appropriately and using the opportunity to strengthen surveillance for rash illness has benefits beyond accelerated rubella control and CRS prevention, including strengthening of the measles eradication program. by guest on October 15, 2016 http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/ Downloaded from Costa Rica: Rubella and Measles Control • JID 2003:187 (Suppl 1) • S159 by guest on October 15, 2016 http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/ Downloaded from S160 • JID 2003:187 (Suppl 1) • Morice et al.
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2011
Background. Brazil conducted mass rubella vaccination campaigns to meet disease elimination goals by 2010. An analysis of rubella vaccination opportunities was conducted to target population groups with concentrations of unvaccinated individuals. Methods. Rubella vaccination strategies for all 27 states were reviewed between 1992 and 2006. Yearly vaccination coverage was calculated by dividing number of doses of measles-rubella or measles-mumps-rubella vaccines administered by census estimates of target populations. For annual birth cohorts (1967-2005), percentages of persons not vaccinated prior to 2007 were estimated by subtracting the highest coverage obtained in any vaccination strategy (routine or campaign) from 100%. Cohort analysis results were compared with rubella incidence by population group. Results. An estimated 28.9 million males and 7.7 million females aged 2-40 years in 2007 remained unvaccinated against rubella, corresponding to 43.0% of males and 11.5% of females of these ages in Brazil. The highest percentages of unvaccinated birth cohorts (93.6%-98.1%) were identified among males aged 26-40 years. In rubella outbreaks reported during 2007, the highest disease incidence (22 cases per 100 000 population) occurred among males aged 20-29 years. Conclusions. Analysis of rubella vaccination opportunities identified concentrations of unvaccinated adults and adolescents for targeting mass vaccination to eliminate rubella and congenital rubella syndrome in Brazil.
Follow-up Study of Unknowingly Pregnant Women Vaccinated Against Rubella in Brazil, 2001-2002
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2011
Background. Brazil conducted mass immunization of women of childbearing age in 2001 and 2002. Surveillance was initiated for vaccination of women during pregnancy to monitor the effects of rubella vaccination on fetal outcomes. Methods. Women vaccinated while pregnant or prior to conception were reported to the surveillance system. Susceptibility to rubella infection was determined by anti-rubella immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG immunoassays. Susceptible women were observed through delivery. Live-born infants were tested for anti-rubella IgM antibody; IgM-seropositive newborns were tested for viral shedding and observed for 12 months for signs of congenital rubella syndrome. Incidence of congenital rubella infection was calculated using data from 7 states. Results. A total of 22 708 cases of rubella vaccination during pregnancy or prior to conception were reported nationwide, 20 536 (90%) of which were from 7 of 27 states in Brazil. Of these, 2332 women were susceptible to rubella infection at vaccination. Sixty-seven (4.1%) of 1647 newborns had rubella IgM antibody (incidence rate, 4.1 congenital infections per 100 susceptible women vaccinated during pregnancy [95% confidence interval, 3.2-5.1]). None of the infants infected with rubella vaccine virus was born with congenital rubella syndrome. Conclusions. As rubella elimination goals are adopted worldwide, evidence of rubella vaccine safety aids in planning and implementation of mass adult immunization.
Prospective evaluation of pregnant women vaccinated against rubella in southern Brazil
Reproductive Toxicology, 2008
The rubella virus is a potent human teratogen. The highest risk of this infection occurs during pregnancy, as the virus may cause fetal damage known as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Since the rubella vaccine is made with attenuated live virus, there is a high level of anxiety concerning exposure during pregnancy. Although no case of CRS has been proved in children of immunized susceptible pregnant women, a risk below 1.6% cannot be ruled out. Our main purpose was to evaluate the occurrence of CRS in women who were vaccinated against rubella and did not know that they were pregnant, or became pregnant within 30 days after vaccination. We collected, prospectively, data on 171 pregnant women who were susceptible at the time of vaccination and compared them with data on the total population of pregnant women in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. A serologic sample was collected in 149 infants of susceptible mothers. A total of 10 infants (6.7%) had anti-rubella antibodies. When these were compared with the results obtained in the total population of births in RS, no difference was found in mean birth weight, low birth weight and sex. None of the ten infants with IgM + presented congenital defects involving CRS, during the physical examinations performed at the time of birth and at 3 months of age. Our study allows the safety of rubella vaccination to be extended to pregnant women.
Rubella seroprevalence among women aged 15-39 years in
This study was designed to determine the age-specific rubella seroprevalence in women of childbearing age in Morocco and to contribute to the development of a rubella vaccination strategy in the country. Of 967 women aged 15-39 years tested in 2000, 161 (16.6%) were susceptible to rubella based on absence of IgG antibodies. A significantly higher rate of susceptibility among women aged 15-19 years was observed (29.3%) compared with age 35-39 years (8.3%). An estimated 77 562 live births occur annually to rubella-susceptible women. No statistical difference in seroprevalence was seen between women in rural and urban areas (81.5% and 85.0% respectively). A substantial risk of rubella infection exists for Moroccan women of childbearing age. ﺏﺮﻐﳌﺍ ﰲ ﹰﺎﻣﺎﻋ 39- 15 ﺮﻤﻌﺑ ﺀﺎﺴﻨﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﳌﻷﺍ ﺔﺒﺼﺤﻠﻟ ﲇﺼﳌﺍ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﻝﱠ ﺪﻌﻣ ﺩﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﺟﺭ ،ﻒﻳﺭ ﻥﺍﺯﻮﺳ ،ﺩﺍﻮﺟ ﻦﺑ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ،ﻁﺎﳌﺯﺍ ﻰﻔﻄﺼﻣ ،ﻡﻮﻠﺑ ﻥﻭﺭﺎﺷ ،ﻱﺪﻳﺎﻗ ﺓﺎﻴﺣ ﰲ ﺏﺎﺠﻧﻹﺍ ﻦﺳ ﰲ ﺀﺎﺴﻨﻟﺍ ﺪﻟ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﳌﻷﺍ ﺔﺒﺼﳊﺍ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ﻝﱠ ﺪﻌﻣ ﲆﻋ ﻑﱡ