Exploration of ground water and Minerals at Qena-Safaga-Quiser area (original) (raw)
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Exploration of gold at dungash african earth science
The present study aims at exploration of new gold occurrences in the alteration zones at Dungash district. Processed ASTER images band ratios 7/6 Â 4/6 and (7 þ 9/8), field geology and mineralogical and geochemical data help characterize three types of alterations in three areas 1 to 3 that may be targeted for Au exploration. Area1 confined to the metavolcanics located in the SE of Dungash gold mine and revealed silicified and sericitized type alterations, composed of quartz, epidote, chlorite, biotite and opaque minerals mainly pyrite and chalcopyrite. Area2 occurs in the gabbro-diorite rocks at Abu Meraiwa area NE of Dungash gold mine, which are rich in kaolinite, illite, sericite, pyrite, arsenopyrite and chalcopyrite that record kaolinitized alteration. Area3 is hosted in carbonaceous listwaenized serpentinite thus indicating the role of listwaenitization type alteration in ore genesis. It is composed of calcite, chromite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite and Ni-bearing sulphides.
Geochemical Exploration New Solution to an Old Problem: Identification of Gold Mineralized Zones
ijisrt, 2022
Veins and pegmatite are suitable carriers for the mineralization of several elements such as Au(gold), Silver(Ag), Cu(copper) etc. in this paper we will discuss the REE and Gold mineralization in the korukonda area nearby to Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh. Here pegmatite was the rich source of REE, Graphite and quartz vein intruded within the Migmatite gneiss could be a potential source of Au(Gold). The values of Rare Earth Elements (REE) from Lanthanum (La) to Lutetium (Lu) are exclusively higher concentration in the eastern and Northeastern parts of the area, The value of LREE Ranges from143.25 ppm to 2042.75 ppm, and HREE ranges from 9.09 to 27.37 ppm. the maximum value of Au(gold) observed is around 47 ppb in stream sediments which indicates moderate enrichment of Au (Gold) in the study area .
Integrated exploration success for gold at Wetar, Indonesia
1994
This paper describes the case history of a successful exploration programme for gold in Indonesia, initiated by CSR Minerals in 1984 and continued by Billiton Companies in Indonesia since 1988. Gold mineralization on Wetar island, Maluku, was first detected in 1986 as a stream sediment bulk leach extractable gold response of l0 ppb. Stream float mapping and sampling with systematic soil and rockchip sampling gave up to 13 g/t Au, with associated high Ag, Pb, As and Ba values at surface from W5 (Lerokis), one of seven promising initial anomalies. Detailed mapping and rockchip sampling, followed by scout diamond drilling, showed that most significant Au values were associated with barite-rich rocks in basinal structures.
Gold Preliminary Exploration around Karau-Karau Schist Belt, NW-Nigeria
2017
The preliminary study was aimed at identifying gold enriched targets worth investing resources for detail exploration project before mining. Geological mapping of the study area which forms part of the karau-karau schist beltreveals that lithologically the area composed of Pre-Cambrian gneisses, fine to medium grain granite, porphyritic biotite granite, porphyritic hornblende granite, diorite as well as the metasediments which are mostly muscovite-biotite schist, phyllites and quartzites. Guided by the geophysical technique using gold detector (BR 800-P metal detector), a total of five pits and five trenches were excavated and logged geologically, soil horizons intercepted were brownish clays, brown mica schist and reddish clay with yellow stains, in places the top soil was lateritic with angular quartz pebbles, some alluvial and elluvial gold have been suspected but at this stage cannot be confirmed. XRF geochemical analysis conducted on rock samples indicated 3 targets for primary...
SPECIAL PUBLICATION OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF INDIA, 2021
Geological Survey of India (GSI) and some State Departments of Mines and Geology have been engaged in Exploration for discovering new gold resources since the early part of the last century. GSI has been successful in discovering several new gold prospects in different parts of the country as well as in delineating new gold resources. GSI's efforts in Rajasthan was responsible for bringing the State on to the gold map of India by discovering Bhukia Gold Field in Banswara district of Rajasthan. The Bhukia gold-sulphide deposit is hosted within dolomitic marble, amphibolite, calc-gneiss, albite rich tuffaceous rock, mica schist and quartzite of Delwara Group (Lower Aravalli) of the Aravalli Supergroup of Paleo-Mesoproterozoic age. The gold-sulphide ore solutions were brought up from deeper magmatic sources (ultramafic-mafic rocks) and deposited along with the lithology in probably sub aerial conditions. Strata that contain Bhukia deposit are highly deformed by two major and progressive deformations leading to formation of cross folds and conjugate limb shear zones followed by extensional regime. The ores were metamorphosed along with the host rocks in consequence to ductile deformations. The Bhukia deposit is, therefore, a metamorphosed gold-sulphide deposit. Eleven gold-sulphide mineralised zones were identified, based on which detailed surface and subsurface exploration was carried out. Drilling up to third level indicated that the gold-sulphide lodes merge at depth resulting in thickening of lodes. Focused fluid flow along micro shears, developed during the ductile deformation, and along mineral grain boundaries, resulted in alteration and replacement in the host dolomitic marble, amphibolite and mica schist with only local development of quartzcalcite or quartz veins. Fluid flow was not controlled by open fractures and, the rate of fluid movement and its cooling was probably slow. After ductile regime, this belt underwent tectonic extension accompanied by development of swarms of steeply dipping veins, with localised mineralised normal faults. Metamorphic ores of Bhukia area were possibly formed by either segregation leading to enrichment of pre-existing concentrations or by infiltration of water-rich fluids into the host rocks at high temperature overstepping decarbonation reactions and allowing fast reaction that locally brought down the fluid temperature; and, by dehydration reactions triggered by pressure drop due to faulting. The source of metal is deep seated magmatic solutions brought up through outpouring of ultramafic-mafic rocks prevalent in this area which is substantiated by sulphur isotopic and fluid inclusion study of ores and trace element chemistry of rocks hosting the deposits. The Resources calculated based on the preliminary exploration in the Bhukia Field were quite encouraging. The total Resources (Inferred +Indicated) of UNFC 333 category in respect of 15 blocks of the Bhukia Gold Field are 114.78 Mt at an average grade of 1.95 g/t Au and 0.15% Cu with contained gold metal of 223.71 tonnes. A prognostic approach based on multiple parameters would provide additional targets for further exploration leading to new discoveries.
The main aim of this study is to investigate the geology, genesis, and age of the Mayo Essa-Bikula Gold in the southern Region of Cameroon using morphological, geochemical and geochronological methods. Artisanal gold mining carried out in the Mayo Essa-Bikula region, despite the lack of geological information on its subject, has an economic importance in the fight against poverty in the region. To examine the gold-bearing characteristics (source, morphology) of Mayo Essa-Bikula, field investigations and laboratory work will be carried out. The field investigation will be focused on the geology of the mineralization, both at the local and regional scale. The geological information will give an idea on the nature of the gold host rocks, mineralogy and mode of occurrence in the host rocks if primary indices will be identified. On the other hand, structural geology will allow the understanding of the structural control of mineralization at the local scale. Other field observations will be based on soil profile descriptions to determine the depth and thickness of ore and prudent to sampling of the gold grains gravel, associates of heavy minerals and other minerals of quality gem like Garnet and Amethyst quartz that have been reported in this area. Laboratory investigations will be focused on the petrography, detrital mineral morphology, geochemistry and geochronology. Petrographic analysis will be enabled by the fabrication of thin sections from host rocks for microscopic observations in the University of Yaounde I, Cameroon. Morphological analysis will be done in the University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon; whereby each gold grain will be classified with respect to its colour, gain size, type of fracture, shape, and form (degree of roundness). These observations will enable the determination the proximal or distal origins. Geochemical analysis to be done on both fresh rock samples and gold grains will be based on major, rare earth elements and trace elements using Laser Ablation- Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICPMS), which will reveal the concentration in trace elements like Fe, Ga, Mg, Ti, V, Cr, Ni etc in the gold, and the ratios of Ga/Mg with respect to Fe concentration, will be calculated in order to determine whether these gold are magmatic or metamorphic in origin. Geochronology will be done by U-Pd isotope dating the gold host rocks using Laser Ablation- Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), this will permit the determination of the age of the primary source of gold. Key words: Gold, geology, morphology, geochemistry, geochronology, Mayo Essa-Bikula, South Cameroon.
Mine Waters from the Migori Gold Mining Belt in Southern Nyanza, Kenya
Analyses of water samples from Mikei, Osiri, Masara and Macalder (Makalda) gold mines of the Migori gold mining belt of Southwestern Kenya were done to determine the level of heavy metals using the Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence technique. The concentrations of the heavy metals were; copper (29.34 ± 5.01-14,975.59 ± 616.14 lg/L); zinc (33.69 ± 4.29-683.15 ± 32.93 lg/L); arsenic (958.16 ± 60.14-18,047.52 ± 175.00 lg/L) and lead (19.51 ± 5.5-214.53 ± 6.29 lg/L). High levels of arsenic and lead were noted. These heavy metals are not only dangerous to the lives of miners and the local inhabitants; they are also a threat to aquatic life since these waters finally find their way into Lake Victoria.
Natural Resources Research, 2020
This study applies a combination of geochemical, mineralogical, and WorldView-2 (WV-2) data for gold prospecting in the Siyah Jangal area, southeastern Iran. Geochemical and mineralogical studies, image processing, and field studies were used to identify areas of highpotential gold mineralization. Elemental concentrations in samples collected from exploration trenches in a well-known gold mineralization area were applied to identify Au pathfinders using bivariate and multivariate statistics. Visible-near infrared-shortwave infrared spectroscopy was applied to identify mineral phases. Correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis of measured element concentrations showed that Au has strong associations with As, Pb, Fe, and Cu, among which, Fe is the only element that forms major minerals in the area. The spectroscopy analyses showed that iron oxide-hydroxide bearing minerals including jarosite, hematite, and goethite are the major Fe-bearing phases in the surficial environment. Therefore, mineral fraction images of these minerals were produced by performing matched filtering method on WV-2 data, and the fractions of more than 0.25 of goethite, 0.15 of hematite, and 0.10 of jarosite were combined and converted as map layers to generate a false color composite (RGB) image for targeting potential areas of gold mineralization. The accuracy of iron oxide-hydroxides mapping was proven by field observations and XRD analyses of surficial samples. Moreover, concentrations of Au in samples collected from exploration boreholes in previously mapped areas showed good correlations between enhanced areas by remote sensing studies and gold occurrences.