Evaluation of the Effect of Different Types of Abrasive Surface Treatment before and after Zirconia Sintering on Its Structural Composition and Bond Strength with Resin Cement (original) (raw)
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Objectives. This study evaluated the influence of air-particle abrasion protocols on the surface roughness (SR) of zirconia and the shear bond strength (SBS) of dual-polymerized resin cement to this ceramic. Materials and methods. Sintered zirconia blocks (n = 115) (Lava, 3M ESPE) were embedded in acrylic resin and polished. The specimens were divided according to the 'particle type' (Al: 110 mm Al 2 O 3 ; Si: 110 mm SiO 2 ) and 'pressure' factors (2.5 or 3.5 bar) (n = 3 per group): (a) Control (no airabrasion); (b) Al2.5; (c) Si2.5; (d) Al3.5; (e) Si3.5. SR (Ra) was measured 3-times from each specimen after 20 s of airabrasion (distance: 10 mm) using a digital optical profilometer. Surface topography was evaluated under SEM analyses. For the SBS test, 'particle type', 'pressure' and 'thermocycling' (TC) factors were considered (n = 10; n = 10 per group): Control (no air-abrasion); Al2.5; Si2.5; Al3.5; Si3.5; Control TC ; Al2.5 TC ; Si2.5 TC ; Al3.5 TC ; Si3.5 TC . After silane application, resin cement (Panavia F2.0) was bonded and polymerized. Specimens were thermocycled (6.000 cycles, 5-55 C) and subjected to SBS (1 mm/min). Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Tukey's and Dunnett tests (5%). Results. 'Particle' (p = 0.0001) and 'pressure' (p = 0.0001) factors significantly affected the SR. All protocols significantly increased the SR (Al2.5: 0.45 ± 0.02; Si2.5: 0.39 ± 0.01; Al3.5: 0.80 ± 0.01; Si3.5: 0.64 ± 0.01 mm) compared to the control group (0.16 ± 0.01 mm). For SBS, only 'particle' factor significantly affected the results (p = 0.015). The SiO 2 groups presented significantly higher SBS results than Al 2 O 3 (Al2.5: 4.78 ± 1.86; Si2.5: 7.17 ± 2.62; Al3.5: 4.97 ± 3.74; Si3.5: 9.14 ± 4.09 MPa) and the control group (3.67 ± 3.0 MPa). All TC specimens presented spontaneous debondings. SEM analysis showed that Al 2 O 3 created damage in zirconia in the form of grooves, different from those observed with SiO 2 groups. Conclusions. Air-abrasion with 110 mm Al 2 O 3 resulted in higher roughness, but air-abrasion protocols with SiO 2 promoted better adhesion.
BAU Journal - Creative Sustainable Development
This study aimed to compare the effect of different pressures of air particle abrasion 2 and 4 bars before and after sintering with and without zirconia liner on SBS of resin to zirconia Surface. Materials and Materials and Methods: Methods: 54 zirconia cuboids 8×8×3 mm were milled and divided into 6 equal groups (N=9) according to surface treatment; sintered with ceramic liner application and 2 bars pressure (SL2) and with 4 bars pressure (SL4), sintered with no ceramic liner and 2 bars pressure (SN2) and 4 bars pressure (SN4), unsintered with no ceramic liner and 2 bars pressure (UN2) and 4 bars pressure (UN4). Specimens underwent thermocycling (1000 cycles) between 5 ̊ and 55 ̊ Celsius with dwell time of 10 seconds, and submitted to SBS test. Data was statistically analysed. Results: Results: All 4 bars APA groups showed higher SBS than 2 bars groups with significant difference between SL4 group (4.7±2.07) and SL2 group (2.58±1.94). Groups with APA before sintering (12.42±2.56) showed significantly higher SBS than APA after sintering (6.35±3.7). SL2 group showed least SBS with significant difference (2.58±1.94) compared to UN2 (11.83±3.35) and SN2 (7.87±2.12). SL4 group (4.7±2.07) showed the least SBS compared to the UN4 (13±1.38), and SN4 (10.24±2.94) groups. Conclusion: Conclusion: It was found that APA of zirconia surface before sintering yielded superior performance than APA after sintering, also 4 bars APA pressure application showed higher SBS than 2 bars pressure, application and firing of ceramic liner onto zirconia surface didn't enhance SBS.
Effect of Surface Pre-treatments on Bonding Performance of Zirconia Ceramic with Resin Cements
Egyptian Dental Journal
Purpose: To establish an effective bonding for zirconia, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of airborne particle abrasion, Piranha acid etching and hot acid etching pre-treatments on bond strength of zirconia with self-adhesive resin cements (Panavia SA, TheraCem) and conventional adhesive resin cement (Panavia F2.0). Also, the effect of Silano-Pen treatment on the bond strength of zirconia to resin cements was evaluated. Materials and Methods: Eighteen zirconia blocks were cut, sintered and divided into three groups (n=6): airborne particle abrasion, Piranha acid etching (3H 2 SO 4 :1H 2 O 2), and hot acid etching (1HNO 3 :1HF). From each group, the bonding surfaces of three zirconia blocks were treated with Silano-Pen. Each zirconia block was bonded to its corresponding composite block utilizing either Panavia SA, TheraCem or Panavia F2.0. Each ceramic ̸ resin ̸ composite assembly was sectioned perpendicular to the bonding interface to obtain microbars of 1 mm 2 thickness. A total of 180 microbars were subjected to 10000 thermal cycles between 5°C and 55°C with dowel time of 30 seconds. Each microbar was subjected to tensile force until de-bonding. The data was statistically analyzed. Results: The hot acid showed the highest µTBS (21.96±5.86 MPa) followed by airborne particle abrasion (16.40±6.23 MPa) and the lowest was Piranha (15.04±7.12 MPa). With Panavia SA, there was significant difference (p=.035) between µTBS with Silano-Pen in airborne particle abrasion and Piranha groups, also there was significant difference (p=.004) between Piranha and hot acid groups. With TheraCem, there was significant difference (p=.008) between µTBS with Silano-Pen in airborne particle abrasion and Piranha groups, also there was significant difference (p=.003) between airborne particle abrasion and hot acid groups. The interaction between cement and Silano-Pen was insignificant (p=.067). Conclusions: Pre-treatment method and type of adhesive resin cement influences the effectiveness of bonding of zirconia. The hot acid etching recorded the highest bond strength, whereas the lowest was recorded with Piranha etching. Silano-Pen treatment after hot acid etching improved the bonding of zirconia to adhesive resin cement. The self-adhesive MDP-containing resin cement (Panavia SA) enhanced the effectiveness of the bond strength with zirconia.
Influence of surface treatment on the resin-bonding of zirconia
Dental Materials, 2015
Objective. To compare the effect of various surface treatments on the bonding of luting resin cements to zirconia under four-point bending. Methods. Bar specimens (n = 200) (2 mm × 5 mm × 25 mm) were prepared from zirconia blocks (VITA In-Ceram YZ, Vita Zahnfabrik) with the cementation surface (2 mm × 5 mm) of groups of 40 treated in one of five ways: airborne particle abrasion with 50 m Al 2 O 3 (GB), zirconia primer (Z-Prime Plus, Bisco) (Z), glaze ceramic (Crystall.Glaze spray, Ivoclar Vivadent) + hydrofluoric acid (GHF), fusion glass-ceramic (Crystall.Connect, Ivoclar Vivadent) (CC), or left untreated as control (C). Within each treatment, bars were cleaned ultrasonically for 15 min in ethanol and then deionized water before bonding in pairs with one of two luting resins: Panavia F 2.0, (Kuraray) (P); RelyX U-200 (3 M/Espe) (R), to form 10 test specimens for each treatment and lute combination. Mechanical tests were performed and bond strengths (MPa) were subject, after log transformation, to analysis of variance, Shapiro-Wilk and Holm-Sidak tests; also log-linear contingency analysis of failure mode distribution; all with ˛ = 0.05. Fracture surfaces were examined under light and scanning electron microscopy. Results. While the effect of surface treatment was significant (p = 1.27 × 10 −9), there was no detected effect due to resin (p = 0.829). All treatments except CC (30.1 MPa ×/÷ 1.44)* were significantly better than the untreated control (24.8 MPa ×/÷ 1.35) (p = 3.28 × 10 −9). While the effect of GB-which gave the highest mean strength (50.5 MPa ×/÷ 1.29)-was not distinguishable from that of GHF (39.9 MPa ×/÷ 1.29) (p = 0.082), it was significantly better than treatment with either CC or Z (33.1 MPa ×/÷ 1.48) (p < 0.05). (* After log transformation for analysis and back; asymmetric error bounds as s.d. in log values.) Significance. The novel test method design, which has good discriminatory power, confirmed the value of gritblasting as a simple and effective treatment with low operator hazard. It gave the highest bond strengths regardless of the cement type. Glaze layer application followed
Effect of Surface Modification on the Bond Strength between Zirconia and Resin Cement.
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the micro push-out (μ-PO) bond strength between zirconia and resin cement after addition of zirconia particles to increase the surface roughness. Materials and Methods: Y-TZP zirconia specimens in three experimental groups were subjected to Y-TZP particle deposition via dipping into the milling residue suspension at different times prior to the sintering process. The dipping procedure was repeated twice for each specimen in group B, six times in group C, and ten times in group D. The specimens subjected to airborne-particle abrasion (110 μm Al 2 O 3 , Rocatec Pre) acted as the control group (group A). All of the specimens were then bonded using adhesive resin cement (RelyX Ultimate). A μ-PO test was used to determine the bond strength values. One-way ANOVA at a 5% confidence level was performed for data analysis. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to evaluate the failure modes and surface structure. Results: Y-TZP particle deposition did not have a significant effect on the bond strength of the resin cement to zirconia specimens when compared to the control (p = 0.141). Higher bond strength values were observed in groups C and D than in control. The surface layer presented blister-like porosities with openings of various diameters ranging between 2 and 4 μm. Conclusion: Y-TZP particle deposition after dipping six and ten times did not improve the mean bond strength statistically but presented surface topography that may be favorable for increased micromechanical retention for adhesive resin cement. Clinical Significance: Y-TZP particle deposition may create a more retentive surface than airborne-particle abrasion for adhesive bonding between zirconia surface and resin cement.
International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 2017
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of various zirconia surface pretreatments on the adhesion between full contour 3Y-TZP zirconia and glaze, and the shear bond strength (SBS) between glazed/3Y-TZP and resin cement. Specimens were allocated into groups: GL-glaze; AL+GL-sandblasting with Al 2 O 3 +GL; CJ+GL-tribochemical silica coating (Cojet ® /CJ)+GL; PS+GL-piranha solution+GL; and CJ. Adhesion between 3Y-TZP and GL was evaluated using the scratch test. Surface topography and glaze thickness were evaluated by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). For SBS, glazed/3Y-TZP surface was etched with hydrofluoric acid and a silane was applied. For CJ only the silane was applied. Samples were tested after 24 h (24 h wet) or after 15,000 thermal cycles and 90 days storage (thermocycled). After SBS, the type of failure was classified as: adhesive, mixed or cohesive. The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. SEM analysis after scratch test revealed circular cracks in the GL group and conformal cracks in the others groups. SEM micrographs suggested that zirconia specimens submitted to airborne-particle abrasion presents rougher and porous surface when compared to surfaces treated with GL and PS. The glaze layer was approximately 1.86 µm thick in all groups. After 24 h, SBS test showed highest values for AL+GL and CJ+GL and were significantly higher when compared to the GL group. Differences were not significant between PS+GL and the other groups. After aging (thermo-cycling+storage), groups GL and CJ presented no statistically significant difference compared to 24 h and aged AL+GL, CJ+GL and PS+GL groups. The predominant type of failure was mixed. 3Y-TZP surface treatment with glaze application could be considered as an alternative treatment, since it yielded a similar resin bond strength without the need for airborne-particle abrasion.
The journal of contemporary dental practice, 2020
Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of air abrasion with aluminum oxide or glass beads to three types of zirconia containing various levels of cubic crystalline phases (3Y-TZP, Katana ML; 4Y-PSZ, Katana STML; and 5Y-PSZ, Katana UTML, Noritake) on the shear bond strength of resin cement. Materials and methods: Thirty block specimens (8 × 8 × 3.5 mm) were milled out of each zirconia material and mounted in plastic pipe. Ten specimens of each of the zirconia materials were air-abraded using 50 μm aluminum oxide particles, ten specimens were abraded using 80 μm glass beads, and ten specimens served as a control and received no surface treatment. A zirconia primer was applied to the surface of the zirconia specimens. Composite disks were bonded using a resin cement and light-cured. The specimens were stored in 37°C distilled water for 24 hours and thermocycled for 2,500 cycles. The specimens were loaded in shear on a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed with one-way and two-way ANOVAs and Tukey's post hoc tests (α = 0.05). Results: A significant difference in shear bond strength was found based on the surface treatment (p < 0.001), but not on the type of zirconia (p = 0.132). Conclusion: Air abrasion with glass beads or no surface treatment resulted in significantly lower bond strength of the resin cement to all three zirconia types compared to air abrasion with aluminum oxide. Clinical significance: Although air abrasion with aluminum oxide may reportedly be more likely to weaken cubic-containing zirconia compared to air abrasion with glass beads, the use of aluminum oxide results in greater bond strength of the resin cement.
Efficacy of Different Surface Treatments on the Bond Strength of Resin cement to Zirconia Ceramic
Al-Azhar Dental Journal for Girls, 2020
Purpose: The plan for this study was to anatomise the effect of alternative surface treatments to enhance bonding to zirconia. Materials and Methods: forty discs of zirconia (Prettau,zircon zhan, Italy) were prepared using Isomet 4000 precision Saw then discs were divided into 5 groups. Group 1, control; Group2, zirconia discs were treated with50-mm Al 2 O 3 particles; Group 3, zirconia discs were received hand grinding; Group 4, zirconia discs were treated by a CO2 laser and Group 5, zirconia discs were treated using ERYAG laser. Composite resin discs were constructed and cemented to zirconia samples with panavia cement. For the bond strength test, a universal testing machine was used. Results: the highest shear bond strength was recorded for (Hand grinding) group (2) while the lowest mean value was recorded for control group (1). Conclusions: Treatment of Zirconia Surfaces with hand grinding or sandblasting increased shear bond strength. Treatment of Zirconia with CO2 and ERYAG lasers increased shear bond strength of zirconia, with the CO2 laser being higher than ERYAG laser.
Scientific Reports, 2023
In fact, bonding of zirconia restorations is still a big challenge in clinical situations and many bonding protocols discussed in literature might be still controversial. The aim of this was to study assess the bond strength of zirconia after alumina and glass-bead pre-treatments with two different primers in combination with conventional resin cement and 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) containing self-adhesive resin cement without priming. Fully sintered high translucent zirconia samples (n = 160) were assigned into 2 groups of pre-treatments (n = 80): Alumina-sandblasting (AB) and Glass-bead (GB). Then, each group was divided into 4 subgroups according to priming and cement used (n = 20 each): conventional self-adhesive resin cement, MDP-silane Primer, MDP primer both with conventional self-adhesive resin cement, and MDP contained cement. Shear bond strength (SBS) was measured after thermocycling. Failure mode was analyzed using stereomicroscope. Contact angle and surface topography were investigated using other fully sintered samples (n = 30) constructed for that sole purpose, divided into control (no pre-treatment [unmodified], alumina-, and glass-bead sandblasted groups). Two-way ANOVA was performed for SBS and failure mode was analyzed. The use of Alumina-sandblasting showed higher SBS compared to Glass-bead pre-treatment for MDP-silane primer (p = 0.034) and MDP primer (p < 0.001). While MDP contained cement showed higher but insignificant SBS when pre-treated with glass-beads. Alumina-sandblasting and glassbead pre-treatments improve bond strength of zirconia combined using primers before cementation with conventional resin cement. Also, self-adhesive MDP contained cement along with surface pre-treatment showed the highest achievable bond strength. It was concluded that both aluminasandblasting and glass-bead blasting improved SBS combined with MDP containing self-adhesive resin cement reducing the required clinical steps during cementation of zirconia restorations. Nowadays, the demand for highly esthetic restorations is increasing in everyday dental practice owing to the fast-paced evolvement and innovation in digital dentistry. Dental zirconia is considered one of the most commonly used restorative materials due to its high mechanical properties compared to glass ceramics 1. That leads to increase the range of indications in the field of fixed prosthodontics and indirect restorations, but earlier zirconia generations suffered from lower translucency, higher opacity and hence, less superior esthetics as it is composed of dense polycrystalline structure with no glass matrix when compared to glass ceramics limiting its use to posterior region 2. To improve the optical properties, increasing the yttria content to 5 mol% yttria-stabilized