Enhance the Efficiency Routing between Mobile Nodes in MANET Networks (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Wireless & Mobile Networks, 2021
A Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is created when an independent mobile node network is connected dynamically via wireless links. MANET is a self-organizing network that does not rely on pre-existing infrastructure such as wired or wireless network routers. Mobile nodes in this network move randomly, thus, the topology is always changing. Routing protocols in MANET are critical in ensuring dependable and consistent connectivity between the mobile nodes. They conclude logically based on the interaction between mobile nodes in MANET routing and encourage them to choose the optimum path between source and destination. Routing protocols are classified as proactive, reactive, or hybrid. The focus of this project will be on Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol, a proactive routing technique. OLSR is known as the optimized variant of link state routing in which packets are sent throughout the network using the multipoint relay (MPR) mechanism. This article evaluates the performance o...
International Journal of Computer Applications, 2015
This paper evaluates the performance of the OLSR pro-active protocol with and without backup routes under varying node densities and with different speed movements in the network. Additionally, this paper assists in ascertaining the effect of varying node densities on the connectivity's life between mobile nodes in the network. Hence, it showed the affect of a local recovery mechanism resulted in achieving a significant improvement in network performance by seeking a long life backup path between source and destination for low/high density nodes. Real time applications are required to be supported by mobile ad hoc networks. This is because of the free movement for the mobile nodes from one area to another without any notification via frequent paths. The real time applications traffics are considered a sensitive application, and it is the most affected by failure through the occurrence of delay and loss of packets. It is, therefore, not suitable for use by players. In mobile ad hoc networks, routing protocol functions are based on many factors, such as, node mobility and density and broken paths
Evaluation of Reactive and Proactive Routing Protocols for MANET
Abstract—Mobile Ad –hoc networks (MANET) have been an interested field for researchers. MANET is a network doesn’t need an infrastructure to build and it’s also a self-organization network. These types of networks do not have any requisite for a fixed infrastructure or a central control entity, such as Base Stations (BS) or Access Points (AP). Thus, the Ad-hoc networks can build for scenarios those have a special proposes and goals. Every node in network is freely to move randomly, such a flexibility causing continues changes to the network topology since the nodes are moving, and the routing became a critical issue and an efficient routing protocol needs to be chosen to make the MANET reliable. In this paper a performance comparison where performed, four types of MANET’s routing protocols where chosen in this study: Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) Optimized link State Protocol (OLSR) and Geographic Routing Protocol (GRP). The performances have been analyzed with are average delay, throughput, load in the network and packet losses/drops. The simulation results indicate that OLSR outperforms AODV, DSR, and GRP in terms of delay and packets dropped, but the AODV better than GRP in throughput when the size of network increases. GRP and DSR have dramatic reduction in performance when the network size increase and mobility is high.
Performance Analysis of Proactive OLSR and Reactive DSR, AODV protocols for MANET
International Journal of Innovation and Scientific Research, 2014
Mobile ad-hoc-network is the future network, because it can be developed easily, automatically configurable, flexible and don't depend on any network structure. It means MANET do not need already existing network infrastructure. A routing infrastructure requisite to establish in distributed controlled system. Various protocols for MANETs in routing have proposed and several evaluated work had conducted. A large amount of anticipated routing protocols and estimation made complicated to maintain the expansion and to acquire an impression of the strength and limitations of the protocols. The analyze evaluation techniques from the past and describes common problems to evaluate of routing protocols for MANETs and how to resolve them. A wide-spread MANET protocols have studied. They are categorized according their similarities and their results are deduced and eventually presented. The main goal of the work was to examine the recital of protocols, OLSR that was table driven DSR, AODV discovering average delay in packet sending and receiving, the average number of entries in the routing table: varying suspension time and different amount of nodes. An experiment was conducted to examine the recital of these protocols with OPNET 14.5 and NS2.
2012
Routing protocols for a Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) have been of great interest for many years, several studies have been done on the performance evaluation of routing protocols using different evaluation methods. This research makes an attempt to eventually help better understand the protocols’. In this paper, behavioral study of different MANET routing protocols viz. Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Ad-Hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV), have been carried out so as to identify which protocol is most suitable for efficient routing over Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET). The performance of these routing protocols is evaluated with respect to throughput and end-to-end delay. As the simulation results demonstrate, OLSR protocol has been a very effective and efficient routing protocol for MANET, which ensures its particular suitability, irrespective of network size and mobility.
2007
Today, the use of Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is becoming increasingly popular due to its flexibility and ease of use wherever and whenever. MANET is able to adapt to many applications, such as disaster management and military operations. The MANET routing protocol consists of two types, namely Proactive Routing Protocols and On Demand Routing Protocols. Destination-Sequence Distance-Vector (DSDV) is an example of a protocol that includes Proactive Routing Protocols. Meanwhile, Ad Hoc on-Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) are examples of protocols that include On Demand Routing Protocols or Reactive Routing Protocols. Because routing protocols greatly affect MANET performance significantly, it is necessary to study the performance of routing protocols. This paper discusses the performance comparison of MANET routing protocol based on RandomWaypoint mobility model. The experiment was carried out by applying the MANET routing protocol to the RandomWaypoint mobility model. Routing protocols used are AODV, DSDV and DSR. The simulation is done using NS-2 software. The total of nodes used in simulations is 100, 150, 200 and 250 nodes respectively. Length of simulation time 900s. The simulation area take place in urban residential areas. Performance evaluation is performed on variable packet delivery ratio (PDR), throughput, average end to end delay, packet loss and Normalized Routing Load (NRL).
Comparative Analysis of Reactive, Proactive and Hybrid Routing Protocols in MANET
The performance of routing protocols in Mobile Ad hoc network (MANET) always attracts many attentions. As many previous works have shown, routing performance is greatly dependent to the availability and stability of wireless links. Although there are some studies reported to evaluate the performance of routing protocols in MANET, little work is done for the system overall performance, which is generally referred to as the network throughput, delay and network load. MANET is a self organized and self configurable network where the mobile nodes move arbitrarily. Routing is a critical issue in MANET and hence the focus of this paper along with the performance analysis of routing protocols. We compared three routing protocols i.e. AODV, OLSR and GRP. Our simulation tool will be OPNET modeler. The performance of these routing protocols is analyzed by three metrics: delay, network load and throughput. All the three routing protocols are explained in a deep way with metrics. The comparison analysis will be carrying out about these protocols and in the last the conclusion will be presented, that which routing protocol is the best one for mobile ad hoc networks. The final evaluation is presented at the end of this paper.
Performance comparison of pro-active and reactive routing protocols for MANET
2012 International Conference on Computing, Communication and Applications, 2012
Today, the use of Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is becoming increasingly popular due to its flexibility and ease of use wherever and whenever. MANET is able to adapt to many applications, such as disaster management and military operations. The MANET routing protocol consists of two types, namely Proactive Routing Protocols and On Demand Routing Protocols. Destination-Sequence Distance-Vector (DSDV) is an example of a protocol that includes Proactive Routing Protocols. Meanwhile, Ad Hoc on-Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) are examples of protocols that include On Demand Routing Protocols or Reactive Routing Protocols. Because routing protocols greatly affect MANET performance significantly, it is necessary to study the performance of routing protocols. This paper discusses the performance comparison of MANET routing protocol based on RandomWaypoint mobility model. The experiment was carried out by applying the MANET routing protocol to the RandomWaypoint mobility model. Routing protocols used are AODV, DSDV and DSR. The simulation is done using NS-2 software. The total of nodes used in simulations is 100, 150, 200 and 250 nodes respectively. Length of simulation time 900s. The simulation area take place in urban residential areas. Performance evaluation is performed on variable packet delivery ratio (PDR), throughput, average end to end delay, packet loss and Normalized Routing Load (NRL).
Overview of Proactive Routing Protocols in MANET
Wireless mobile ad-hoc networks have gained a lot of importance in wireless communications. The communication has been established by nodes acting as routers and transferring packets from one to another in mobile ad hoc networks. In which, routing in these networks is highly complex due to moving nodes and hence many protocols have been developed. Such routing is the act of moving information from a source to a destination in an internetwork. During this process, at least one intermediate node within the internetwork is encountered. The routing concept in MANET involves two activities; determining optimal routing paths and transferring the packets through an internetwork. In this paper it is often deeply discussed about the different types proactive routing protocols used for mobile ad hoc networks and the reliability of proactive routing in the mobile ad hoc environment. It is a table driven routing method and each of the node maintains up to-date information on another node in the entire network.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Proactive and Reactive Manet Routing Protocols Using Ns3
Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences Technology, 2021
Mobile ad-hoc network, MANET, is a network communication medium that is made up of mobile wireless nodes. It operates as an infrastructure-less network that doesn’t require an existing network infrastructure such as routers, switches, or mounted access points for network communication. In this paper, the performance of three MANET routing protocols, OLSR, DSDV, and AOMDV was analyzed using NS3 with varying numbers of nodes. Results were obtained based on the following metrics; Average Throughput, Average End-to-End Delay, and Average Energy Consumption. Overall, the OLSR protocol outperformed DSDV and AOMDV for the tested metrics at several nodes lesser than 40 nodes.