Assessment of water quality and impact of effluents from fertilizer factories to the Lakhya River (original) (raw)
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IMPACT OF EFFLUENT FROM FERTILIZER FACTORIES ON THE LAKHYARIVER WATER QUALITY Submitted by
2008
for their valuable suggestions for the improvement of the organization and contents of this thesis. The author is indebted to Institute of Water Modelling (IWM), which organization incredibly helped providing Lakhya River flow data, library facilities and computer facilities to carry out the research work. Sincerest gratitude is expressed to Mr. Abu Saleh Khan, Executive Engineer, BWDB. and Head, Flood Management Division, Institute of Water Modelling; Mr. Tarun Kanti Magumdar, Associate Specialist, Institute of Water Modelling. They have given their valuable suggestions to the author frequently to accomplish the research. The author profoundly acknowledges the continuous support of his family, especially Yaameem, Protik, Juthi and Tithi during the course of study. Very special thanks to Essa-Ruhullah and Shamima easmin for their cordial assistance, understanding and loving concern at every stage ofthe thesis. Finally, the author greatly acknowledges the continuous inspiration, constructive criticism and kind cooperation of his friend, Engineer Wasiqur Rahman, at every stages of the study. Without his cordial assistance, it would not be possible to complete this study in time. Above all, the author prays to Almighty Allah for being in good health and condition, and for the successfully completion of the study.
Hydrogeology Journal, 2001
A study was carried out in Malawi to assess the extent of chemical pollution in a receiving river as affected by industrial effluents. Both the effluents and the water at selected points in the river were analysed for pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, electrical conductivity, suspended solids, nitrate, alkalinity, hardness, chloride and phosphate in the dry and rainy seasons. The results showed that the effluents were acidic in both the dry season (range: 4.2 ± 0.02-6.5 ± 0.02) and in the rainy season (range: 4.2 ± 0.05-5.6 ± 0.01). While the levels of dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, electrical conductivity, suspended solids, alkalinity and chloride were relatively high in the dry and rainy seasons, the concentration of phosphate and nitrate were low in both seasons. The water upstream was neutral (average pH, 7.40 ± 0.04) with high dissolved oxygen but low in the levels of the other parameters in both seasons. The water after the effluent receiving points was acidic and the levels of the other parameters were high, especially downstream. The results suggested that the water in the river was polluted and not good for human consumption. It is therefore recommended that the careless disposal of the wastes should be discouraged and although the values in some cases were lower than the allowable limits, the continued discharge of the effluents in the river may result in severe accumulation of the contaminants and, unless the authorities implement the laws governing the disposal of wastes, this may affect the lives of the people.
AN ANALYTICAL STUDY ON IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENT ON THE KHARUN RIVER RAIPUR CHHATTISGARH
An analysis was done of five water samples collected from study area, during February-March 2015. The high concentration of alkalinity (209 mg/L) and hardness (220 mg/l) shows the severe condition of river water due to discharge of Industrial effluent. Heavy metal or toxic metal concentration was found negligible while in sample no 1 the concentrations of Pb (0.811 mg/l), Cr (0.642 mg/l), Fe (0.498 mg/l), Zn (0.326 mg/l) and Mn (0.3 mg/l). In other locations some metal concentrations were found below the detectable limit although iron appeared in a small quantity. Hence it is concluded that there is an adverse condition of river water environment due to industrial activities and industrial effluent discharge without treatment be supposed to be stopped to protect the valuable river water from contamination.
Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia
The present study was aimed to analyze the influence of industrial and agricultural wastes on quality ofKosi river water, Rampur, UP, India. The results of the present study revealed pH values of between 7.2 and 6.3 (neutral to slightly acidic), the electrical conductivity between 129.4 μs/cmto399.3 μs/cm. The maximum EC value was observed at S5 in spring season. The turbidity of each was 0.4 to 7.067 NTU. The highest turbidity observed at S5 in winters. Total hardness of 73 (mg/L) and 506.33 (mg/L) were evident at S4 and S7 sites respectively. The BOD values ranged from 10.5 (mg/L) at S4 to 137.4 (mg/L) at S5. Higher BOD values at each site are reflecting the great extent of pollution. The minimum COD recorded at S3 (32.60 mg/L) however maximum recorded at S5 (168.65 mg/L). The results of the heavy metals showed a significant increase in the concentration of Pb, Zn, Cu, Hg and As at S5 as compared to the other sites. The As concentration was 0.04, 0.08, 0.85, 0.72 and 0.71 at S2, S...
The study was conducted to investigate the effects of solid waste and industrial effluents on the water quality of Turag River. Both the upstream and downstream sampled water from the selected points were analyzed for color, odor, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) concentrations. Results of the study showed that the color of water was light to dark black and emitted noxious smell due to the industrial effluents. The upstream water was slightly alkaline with comparatively high DO content while low concentration of other parameters. The water after the solid waste and effluents received points as well as middle and downstream points was slightly alkaline with higher levels of other parameters when compared with upstream point. The minimum and maximum values of pH, EC, TDS, DO and BOD were 7.24-7.61, 425-2277 µS/cm, 239-1349 ppm, 1.22-3.66 ppm and -2.44-0.86 ppm, respectively. The continuous dumping of waste materials resulted in a marked increase in the concentration of metals in the river water varied in the order of Fe > Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd. The study concluded that the downstream water in the river was almost polluted and unsuitable for human consumption and aquaculture purposes.
Effluent quality assessment of different drains in SIDCUL industrial Area at Haridwar (Uttarakhand)
Environment Conservation Journal
In the industrial era, the untreated effluents of various industries can alter the properties of surface water and may increase the pollution load in soil system and ultimately contaminate the local ground water aquifer. The SIDCUL industrial zone has been developed very fast by establishing the major industries at Haridwar in Uttarakhand. The present paper deals with the identification and estimation of the physico-chemical variables of effluents from different major industries in SIDCUL industrial area at Haridwar. The parameters, TSS, BOD and COD of the many effluents were recorded with higher values in comparison to standards. The composite effluents of different industries have contribute significantly for the degradation of surface water and soil quality of adjoining areas of industrial zone at Haridwar. The present study shows an assessment of qualitative and quantitative pollution load in the effluents drained from the different industries in the vicinity of industrial zone.
The present research work deals with the study of some of the important physico-chemical parameters of industrial waste water effluents collected from Taloja industrial belt of Mumbai. The study reveals that engineering, paper mill, fine chemical, dyes, paint, pharmaceutical, petrochemical and textile industries are some of the major industries responsible for polluting the surrounding aquatic environment. It was observed that pH values of effluent samples collected from paint, pharmaceutical and dyes industries were slightly above and below the limit of 6.5 to 8.5 by ISI and WHO. The effluent samples collected from textile industries shows extremely high Total Dissolved Soild (TDS) content of 12023.6 mg/L and correspondingly high Total Solid (TS) content of 13499.2 mg/L. The chloride content in the effluents from textile industries was 238.4 mg/L which was significantly high than acceptable limit of 200 mg/L set by WHO. The BOD values of effluent samples collected from pharmaceutical, dyes, engineering and paint industries were 1047.3, 776.2, 604.8 and 535.8 mg/L respectively which lie above the maximum permitted BOD content of < 100 to 300 mg/L. The COD values in the different industrial effluent samples were also very much higher than maximum permissible limit of 4.0 mg/L according to USPH Standard. The overall results highlight towards the discharge of highly polluted waste water effluent from industries of Taloja Industrial area of Mumbai. These industrial effluents have resulted in pollution of nearby Kasardi River thereby affecting the growth of vegetation and aquatic life. The results of the present investigation point out the need to implement common objectives, compatible policies and programmes for improvement in the industrial waste water treatment methods.
Heavy Metals contamination has expected significant issue because of their lethality and accumulative behavior. The river Ganga is facing serious threat of heavy metal pollution problem especially at Kanpur district of Uttar Pradesh, India. The goal of current research is to determine level of heavy metal contamination in municipal waste water and impact of treated sewage on the surface water and sediment nature of river Ganga at Kanpur. This study deals with the measurement of heavy metals i.e. Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb, Cr, and Cd. The heavy metals found in water samples in the range of Cu (0.006 to 1.103mg/l), Zn (2.25 to14.07mg/l), Mn (0.146 to 4.02mg/l), Pb (0.005 to 3.88mg/l), Cr (0.068 to 10.79mg/l), and Cd (0.073 to 0.447mg/l). The order of occurrence of heavy metals was Zn>Cr>Mn>Pb>Cu>Cd. The trend of heavy metals found in sediments were in the range of Cu (7 to 9.99mg /kg), Zn (28.02 to 30.23mg/kg), Mn (41.65 to 44.65mg/kg), Pb (14.96 to 19.07mg/kg), Cr (48.86 to 441mg/kg), and Cd (0.83 to 1.01mg/kg). The order of occurrence of heavy metals in sediments was Cr>Mn>Zn>Pb>Cu>Cd. The information has been inspected factually to clarify metal-metal affiliation utilizing Pearson relationship coefficient. Various major trace elements i.e. Al, Ca, Fe, K, Na, Rb, Si, Sr, Ti, Zr and Mg also analyzed with the help of WD-XRF in sediments collected from upstream and downstream of river Ganga.
A Stydy on Water Quality of Ami River in Uttar Pradesh, India
Ami river, which is tributary of Rapti river on its right bank receives industrial effluents at several locations in a major stretch starting from Rudhauli to its confluence point at Sohgaura into Rapti river. The river water which use to be quite clear in ancient time, is presently affected severely by industrial pollution ever since the establishment of paper mill at Khalilabad, distillery and sugar unit at Rudhauli at GIDA near Sahjanwa in 1989. As the river has been the life line of the population located in the nearby villagers across its serpentine length of 126 km from Sohnara to Sogaura, it is necessary to look into the qualitative aspect of river water in time and space. With this in view a study on water quality of Ami River is attempted in this work. For this purpose water samples taken from nine sampling stations, namely Sohanara, Rudhauli, Khalilabad, Maghar, Sahjanwa (near IGL), Adilapar, Chhatai bridge, Jarlahi and Sohgaura over a period of six month from August, 2009 to February, 2010, were analyzed and the results were reviewed. The parameters included pH, Temperature, Turbidity, Electrical conductivity, Colour, Odour, Total Solids, Total Suspended Solids, Total Dissolved Solids, Dissolved Oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Chloride, Total Alkalinity, Oil and Grease, Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen, MPN. It is found that its entire stretch from Rudhauli to Chhatai bridge with a very little recovery up to its point of influence in Rapti river. It is also reveals that, due to critically low D.O. levels the aquatic ecosystem is severly affected from Khalilabad to Chhatai bridge. A very high organic load in terms of B.O.D. and C.O.D. is shown into the river, which results in an irreparable loss the river system. It is noticed that a very high waste load is thrown into the river at various point, which is beyond the self purification capacity of stream and the river is not able to recover itself in a body of clean water starting from Rudhauli to its confluence into Rapti river. The most sad part of the outcome is that the river, which was in class – A ahead of its point of origin, is deteriorates so much due to industrial pollution, that it is ultimately converted into a water bodies below Class – E. the necessitates urgent step towards the restoration of water quality and regeneration of river ecosystem, which may required a coordinated effort among government agencies, industrial units, local bodies and public at large. The outcome of the study is indicative and suggested in many ways and may help in formilating the action plan towards the cleaning of river and saving it from the fury of industrial pollution. The best way of managing the problems is to stick through the same, ‘let the river remain a river’.
An analytical study on Impact of Industrial Effluent on the Karun River Raipur Chhattisgarh
An analysis was done of five water samples collected from study area, during February-March 2015. The high concentration of alkalinity (209 mg/L) and hardness (220 mg/l) shows the severe condition of river water due to discharge of Industrial effluent. Heavy metal or toxic metal concentration was found negligible while in sample no 1 the concentrations of Pb (0.811 mg/l), Cr (0.642 mg/l), Fe (0.498 mg/l), Zn (0.326 mg/l) and Mn (0.3 mg/l). In other locations some metal concentrations were found below the detectable limit although iron appeared in a small quantity. Hence it is concluded that there is an adverse condition of river water environment due to industrial activities and industrial effluent discharge without treatment be supposed to be stopped to protect the valuable river water from contamination.