The patient with hypertension undergoing surgery (original) (raw)
Related papers
Impact of systemic hypertension on peri-operative morbidity and mortality
Baillière's Clinical Anaesthesiology, 1997
Chronic hypertension is associated with structural as well as functional changes of the vasculature, in particular of the coronary, cerebral and renal circulations. It is important to realize that (1) functional changes are often the result of structural changes, (2) the longer lasting the hypertension, the slower and less complete the regression of structural changes, and (3) acute 'normalization' of arterial pressure in longstanding hypertension may initially induce functionally subnormal smooth muscle and/or cardiac activity because the structure of the cardiovascular system is adapted to function at elevated pressures.
Anaesthesia, 2018
Hypertension is not consistently associated with postoperative cardiovascular morbidity and is therefore not considered a major peri-operative risk factor. However, hypertension may predispose to peri-operative haemodynamic changes known to be associated with peri-operative morbidity and mortality, such as intra-operative hypotension and tachycardia. The objective of this study was to determine whether pre-operative hypertension was independently associated with haemodynamic changes known to be associated with adverse peri-operative outcomes. We performed a five-day multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study which included all adult inpatients undergoing elective, non-cardiac, non-obstetric surgery. We recruited 343 patients of whom 164 (47.8%) were hypertensive. An intra-operative mean arterial pressure of < 55 mmHg occurred in 59 (18.2%) patients, of which 25 (42.4%) were hypertensive. Intra-operative tachycardia (heart rate> 100 beats.min À1) occurred in 126 (38.9%) patients, of whom 61 (48.4%) were hypertensive. Multivariable logistic regression did not show an independent association between the stage of hypertension and either clinically significant hypotension or tachycardia, when controlled for ASA physical status, functional status, major surgery, duration of surgery or blood transfusion. There was no association between pre-operative hypertension and peri-operative haemodynamic changes known to be associated with major morbidity and mortality. These data, therefore, support the recommendation of the Joint Guidelines of the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland (AAGBI) and the British Hypertension Society to proceed with elective surgery if a patient's blood pressure is < 180/110 mmHg.
Intraoperative cardiovascular monitoring in hypertensive patients
Periodicum Biologorum, 2011
Bacground and Purpose: Hypertensive patients are more prone to perioperative ischaemia, arrythmias and cardiovascular instability. Attention should be paid to the presence of target organ damage, such as coronary artery disease. Material and Method: Haemodynamically unstable patients undergoing major surgery require more complex haemodynamic monitoring. Multiple studies have demonstrated the favourable outcome achieved by goal-directed fluid management during the intraoperative period. Conclusion: The trend in intraoperative haemodynamic monitoring, a key feature of anaesthetic practice is towards less invasive systems that provide continuous information. A balance is needed between the hazards of an invasive approach and the desire for a continuous stream of accurate information that is robust enough to withstand the surgical and physiological challenges in hypertensive patients. In spite of its importance for anaesthetists, there is no consensus as to which system is best. This review examines the recent developments in haemodynamic monitoring.
PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION (BJ SWEITZER, SECTION EDITOR) Preoperative Hypertension
Purpose of Review This review will examine the implications for perioperative management of new hypertension guidelines and place these in the context of findings from recent large observational studies. Recent Findings Recent hypertension guidelines highlight the role of ambulatory blood pressure measurement with the implication that isolated preoperative blood pressure measurements are of limited value. There is emerging evidence from large observational studies that both preoperative and intraoperative hypotension are associated with increased risk. It is not clear if this is a particular concern for hypertensive patients. Summary Assessment of the hypertensive surgical patient should include blood pressure measurements taken using the correct technique. Preoperative blood pressures of less than 180/100 mmHg are not grounds for deferring surgery in the absence of active comorbid disease. Evidence to guide the perioperative management of patients with higher pressures is scanty and decisions should be made on a case-by-case basis.
BJA: British Journal of Anaesthesia, 2019
Background: Postoperative hypotension and hypertension are frequent events associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes. However, proper assessment and management is often poorly understood. As a part of the PeriOperative Quality Improvement (POQI) 3 workgroup meeting, we developed a consensus document addressing this topic. The target population includes adult, non-cardiac surgical patients in the postoperative phase outside of the ICU. Methods: A modified Delphi technique was used, evaluating papers published in MEDLINE examining postoperative blood pressure monitoring, management, and outcomes. Practice recommendations were developed in line with National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines. Results: Consensus recommendations were that (i) there is evidence of harm associated with postoperative systolic arterial pressure <90 mm Hg; (ii) for patients with preoperative hypertension, the threshold at which harm occurs may be higher than a systolic arterial pressure of 90 mm Hg; (iii) there is insufficient evidence to precisely define the level of postoperative hypertension above which harm will occur; (iv) a greater frequency of postoperative blood pressure measurement is likely to identify risk of harm and clinical deterioration earlier; and (v) there is evidence of harm from withholding beta-blockers, angiotensin receptor blockers, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in the postoperative period. Conclusions: Despite evidence of associations with postoperative hypotension or hypertension with worse postoperative outcome, further research is needed to define the optimal levels at which intervention is beneficial, to identify the best methods and timing of postoperative blood pressure measurement, and to refine the management of long-term antihypertensive treatment in the postoperative phase.
Perioperative hypertension management
Vascular health and risk management, 2008
Perioperative hypertension is commonly encountered in patients that undergo surgery. While attempts have been made to standardize the method to characterize the intraoperative hemodynamics, these methods still vary widely. In addition, there is a lack of consensus concerning treatment thresholds and appropriate therapeutic targets, making absolute recommendations about treatment difficult. Nevertheless, perioperative hypertension requires careful management. When treatment is necessary, therapy should be individualized for the patient. This paper reviews the pharmacologic agents and strategies commonly used in the management of perioperative hypertension.
Journal of Clinical Anesthesia and Pain Management, 2020
Objectives: This study aimed to verify the relationship between blood pressure (BP) obtained during preoperative evaluation at preinduction and compared to BP at 20 min after induction for normotensive and hypertensive patients. Methods: Data from patients who underwent elective surgical procedures from July 2018 to September 2019 were retrospectively extracted and analyzed. The data included patient characteristics (age, sex, weight, height, body mass index (BMI)), physical status (ASA classification), comorbidities, medications in use, and mean arterial BP (MAP) recorded preoperatively (MAPpre-op), before induction of anesthesia (MAPpre-ind), and 20 min after induction (MAPpost-ind). Results: A total of 1026 patients were selected, 341 were included in the final analysis (normotensive patients (GNT n = 203), treated hypertensive patients (GTREAT n = 98), untreated hypertensive patients (GNO TREAT n = 40). There was an increase in the median MAP from preoperation to preinduction in the total sample and the three groups (GNT, GTREAT, and GNO TREAT). There was a statistically significant reduction in MAPpost-ind concerning MAPpre-ind and MAPpre-op in the three groups. The three groups' comparison showed a statistically significant difference between MAPpost-ind and MAPpre-ind and between MAPpost-ind and MAPpre-op. Conclusions: Our study showed that normotensive and hypertensive patients showed a significant BP increase at the preinduction time point. Treated and untreated hypertensive patients had a more considerable increase in preinduction BP and BP reduction at 20 min after anesthesia induction than normotensive patients. These changes were more significant in hypertensive patients without treatment.
Anesthesiology, 2015
Although deviations in intraoperative blood pressure are assumed to be associated with postoperative mortality, critical blood pressure thresholds remain undefined. Therefore, the authors estimated the intraoperative thresholds of systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean blood pressure (MAP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) associated with increased risk-adjusted 30-day mortality. This retrospective cohort study combined intraoperative blood pressure data from six Veterans Affairs medical centers with 30-day outcomes to determine the risk-adjusted associations between intraoperative blood pressure and 30-day mortality. Deviations in blood pressure were assessed using three methods: (1) population thresholds (individual patient sum of area under threshold [AUT] or area over threshold 2 SDs from the mean of the population intraoperative blood pressure values), (2). absolute thresholds, and (3) percent change from baseline blood pressure. Thirty-day mortality was associated with (1) popu...