Biodiesel Production from Ceiba pentandra Seed Oil Using CaO Derived from Snail Shell as Catalyst (original) (raw)
Related papers
Biodiesel Production from Ceiba pentandra Seed Oil Using CaO Derived from Snail Shell as Catalyst
Due to the environmental problems caused by the use of fossil fuels, considerable attention has been given to biodiesel production as an alternative to petrol diesel. Biodiesel is ecofriendly, alternative diesel fuel prepared from domestic renewable sources that is, from vegetable oils and animal fats. It is a renewable source of energy which seems to be an ideal solution for global energy demand. In this study, the biodiesel production from kapok (Ceiba pentandra) seed oil with methanol has been considered in the presence of catalyst that is, CaO derived from snail shell. Optimum yield conditions were determined experimentally by changing certain parameters such as reaction time and temperature, at the end of the experiment, the maximum yield of 56.7 % was obtained at 60°C and reaction time of 60 minutes. The physicochemical properties of the produced biodiesel were determined by ASTM procedures and were found to be comparable to ASTM standards for diesel fuel except for acid value which was above the recommended standard. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) demonstrated the presence of hydrocarbons.
2017
The utilization of renewable energy resources received much attention due to the rapid depletion of fossil fuels. The production of biodiesel using homogeneous catalysts has several disadvantages such as complexity of separation process which leads the high production cost. Magnesium and calcium oxide (MgO/CaO) heterogeneous catalysts can be used to overcome these weaknesses. This study uses kapok seed oil (Ceiba pentandra) as the feedstock of biodiesel production. MgO/CaO catalysts were calcined at 950ᵒC for 5 hours. The catalyst activities were studied in various composition of MgO (0.5-2 wt.%) to determine the highest activity. The transesterification was carried out in various temperature (50-70ᵒC) in batch reactor. The highest yield was achieved for 0.5 wt.% of MgO composition in the catalyst with the yield of 59.58%. In the effect of temperature and reaction time study, the highest yield of 55.22% was achieved at temperature of 70ᵒC for 75 minutes.
Journal of Energy and Environmental Sustainability , 2018
Biodiesel which is a biodegradable, nontoxic and ecofriendly fuel was produced from Tropical Almondseed oil. The almond oil was extracted using n-hexane and then transesterified using CaO catalystderived from snail shell into biodiesel. The catalyst was calcined and characterized using ThermalGravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Fourier Transform-InfraRed (FT-IR) methods. The Physicochemicaland fuel properties of the biodiesel were determined and compared to ASTM approved ranges. TheFatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) present in Tropical Almond biodiesel after characterization analysisper area percent include; Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (55.95 %), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid,methyl ester (5.88 %), 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester (9.23 %), Cyclopropane, (2-methylenebutyl)(0.07 %) and Methyl stearate (4.58 %). The optimum yield of biodiesel (73.60 %) was obtained at atemperature of 60 °C and time of 120 minutes. The experimental results showed the percentage yield ofAlmond Seed Oil to be 56.8 % and that of the biodiesel produced to be 65.71 %. Critical Fuel Propertiesof Almond Seed Oil investigated such as density (0.89 g/cm3), pour point (0.6 °C), cloud point (6.1°C), flash point (148 °C) and specific gravity (0.90) are in conformity with ASTM D6751 standards.This makes Tropical Almond Seed Oil a good feedstock for biodiesel production with little modificationsin its properties.
2018
Biodiesel which is a biodegradable, nontoxic and ecofriendly fuel was produced from Tropical Almond seed oil. The almond oil was extracted using n-hexane and then transesterified using CaO catalyst derived from snail shell into biodiesel. The catalyst was calcined and characterized using Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Fourier Transform-InfraRed (FT-IR) methods. The Physicochemical and fuel properties of the biodiesel were determined and compared to ASTM approved ranges. The Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) present in Tropical Almond biodiesel after characterization analysis per area percent include; Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (55.95 %), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester (5.88 %), 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester (9.23 %), Cyclopropane, (2-methylenebutyl) (0.07 %) and Methyl stearate (4.58 %). The optimum yield of biodiesel (73.60 %) was obtained at a temperature of 60 °C and time of 120 minutes. The experimental results showed the percentage yield of Almond S...