Biomechanics Analysis of Arm Flexion Isometric Force, Upper Extremity Movement, and Ball Toss Position Towards Ball Speed in Tennis Flat Serve (original) (raw)
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Trodimenzionalna Kinematička Analiza Zamaha Rukom Iznad Glave U Različitim Sportovima
Kineziologija, 2009
The aim of this study was to compare the kinematics of the overarm throw for different sports. Eleven elite female handball players and nine elite female volleyball players were selected as subjects for the study. Arm and forearm segment movement in the backswing and acceleration phases of players performing the volleyball spike and the handball jump shot were evaluated. Video data were captured using two Sony 50Hz cameras and were digitized and analyzed using Simi Motion Analysis 5.5 program. In the backswing phase, there were significant differences in the angular width, velocity and acceleration between the volleyball players and handball players on the transverse, vertical, and sagittal planes of the motions (p<.01). In the acceleration phase, the statistically significant difference was found in the angular width of the arm segment motion on the transverse plane (p<.05). On the sagittal plane, the significant difference was found in the angular width, velocity, and acceleration of the arm motions between the volleyball and handball players (p<.05). These results suggest that volleyball players use vertical flexion more frequently, thus increasing the time to gain velocity. Handball players transfer the velocity used in horizontal flexion to the vertical flexion in a short period of time.
Biomechanical Analysis of Ball Trajectory Direction in Free Throw
Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Education Social Sciences and Humanities (ICESSHum 2019), 2019
Basketball game is decided by the most point counted from successful shooting. Moreover, free throw is one of many shooting techniques which is frequently used in basketball game. So, the aims of this research are reviewing the ball trajectory direction to find the formula to increase possibility of successful shooting and decrease shooting error possibility. This is a quantitative study with independent t-test data analysis by SPSS. There are 73 male college physical education students(age : 20 1.2 years) who were categorized based on their height in to 5 groups. Each of them tried to make 3 successful free throw. The result, there are significant different of ball direction, launching angle, maximum elevation, and ball velocity among different height group (< 0.05). In the conclusion, the launching angle and maximum elevation among different height group has different characteristic. However, the ball direction and velocity have more similarities among different height group.
Technique effects on upper limb loading in the tennis serve
Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 2003
The purpose of this study was to compare the shoulder and elbow joint loads during the tennis serve. Two synchronised 200 Hz video cameras were used to record the service action of 20 male and female players at the Sydney 2000 Olympics. The displacement histories of 20 selected landmarks, were calculated using the direct linear transformation approach. Ball speed was recorded from the stadium radar gun. The Peak Motus system was used to smooth displacements, while a customised inverse-dynamics program was used to calculate 3D shoulder and elbow joint kinematics and kinetics. Male players, who recorded significantly higher service speeds (male=183 km hr-1 : female=149 km hr-1) recorded significantly higher normalised and absolute internal rotation shoulder torque at the position when the arm was maximally externally rotated (MER) (male=4.6% and 64.9 Nm: female=3.5% and 37.5 Nm). A higher absolute elbow varus torque (67.6 Nm) was also recorded at MER, when compared with the female players (41.3 Nm). Peak normalised horizontal adduction torque (male=7.6%: female=6.5%), normalised shoulder compressive force (male=79.6%: female=59.1%) and absolute compressive force (male=608.3 N: female=363.7 N), were higher for the male players. Players who flexed at the front knee by 7.6˚, in the backswing phase of the serve, recorded a similar speed (162 km hr-1), and an increased normalised internal rotation torque at MER (5.0%), when compared with those who flexed by 14.7˚. They also recorded a larger normalised varus torque at MER (5.3% v 3.9%) and peak value (6.3% v 5.2%). Players who recorded a larger knee flexion also recorded less normalised and absolute (4.3%, 55.6 Nm) peak internal rotation torque compared with those with less flexion (5.6%, 63.9 Nm). Those players who used an abbreviated backswing were able to serve with a similar speed and recorded similar kinetic values. Loading on the shoulder and elbow joints is higher for the male than female players, which is a reason for the significantly higher service speed by the males. The higher kinetic measures for the group with the lower knee flexion means that all players should be encouraged to flex their knees during the backswing phase of the service action. The type of backswing was shown to have minimal influence on service velocity or loading of the shoulder and elbow joints.
2019
The current research aims to study biomechanical qualities of smash hit in sitting volleyball as a basis for designing a specific exercises program. The researcher used the descriptive approach (case study) with video-based 2D biomechanical analysis using Simi Motion Analyses Software. One sitting volleyball player of "Al-Mustakbal" Sports Club was chosen to participate in this research. The player performed (3) trials of smash hit and the best one was chosen for motion analysis. Results indicated that: (1)Comparison of Effects of Amiodarone versus Verapamil in Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation Post Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. (1) Means and standard deviations of biomechanical variables of the smash hit in sitting volleyball were calculated for specific moments. (2) There are statistically significant correlations among some biomechanical variables and the performance level of smash hit during specific moment in sitting volleyball. [Marwa Ahmed Fadl. Biomechanical Ind...
Journal of Biomechanics, 2012
A torque-driven, 3D computer simulation model of an arm-racquet system was used to investigate the effects of ball impact location and grip tightness on the arm, racquet and ball during one-handed tennis backhand groundstrokes. The stringbed was represented by nine point masses connected to each other and the racquet frame with elastic springs and three torsional spring-dampers between the hand and the racquet were used to represent grip tightness. For each perturbation of nine impact locations and grip tightness, simulations were run for a 50 ms period starting with ball-racquet impact. Simulations showed that during off-centre impacts below the longitudinal axis of the racquet, the wrist was forced to flex up to 161 more with up to six times more wrist extension torque when compared to a centre impact simulation. Perturbing grip tightness had no substantial effect on centre impact simulations. However, for off-centre impacts (below the longitudinal axis of the racquet) a tight grip condition resulted in a substantial decrease in racquet rotation within the hand (less than 21) and an increase of 61 in wrist flexion angle when compared to the equivalent simulation with a normal grip. In addition there was approximately 20% more wrist extension torque when compared with equivalent off-centre impact simulation with a normal grip. Consequently off-centre impacts below the longitudinal axis of the racquet may be a substantial contributing factor for tennis elbow injuries with a tight grip aggravating the effect due to high eccentric wrist extension torques and forced wrist flexion.
International Journal of Physical Education, Fitness and Sports, 2013
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the selected biomechanical parameters of front row spike between short set and high set ball for intervarsity level volleyball players. Methods: Eight Intervarsity level male volleyball players (22.5±2.00 yrs, 1.78±0.05m and 65.09±6.83kg) were selected as the subjects for this study from University of Kalyani and Visva-Bharati University, West Bengal, India. All subjects were right-handed volleyball players. The players were allowed to have warm-up and trials. The action of short and high set ball spiking was recorded by a digital video camera (Sony, 24 fps). Recorded data were analyzed with the help of power DVD software. The selected kinematics variables were approach speed, jump height, duration of flight and ball velocity. The other segmental take off angles were also be studied in this study those were ankle angle, knee angle and hip angle. The mean, standard deviation and t-test was used for statistical analysis of the data. Result and Discussion: The results revealed that insignificant difference exists between short set and high set ball front row spike performance for intervarsity level volleyball players except jump height and duration of flight which were significantly differ for short set and high set ball front row spike. Conclusion: This study describes the kinematic characteristics of the male volleyball short set and high set front row spike. It was noted that short set front row spike had a greater approach speed and shorter duration of flight, jump height and ball velocity than that of high set front row spike.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021
Racket sports such as padel are characterized by the repetition of unilateral gestures, which can lead to negative adaptations like asymmetries or overuse musculoskeletal injuries. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in ball impact positions (i.e., forward or backward of the center of gravity) in nine stroke types in a sample of forty-eight recreational male padel players. The sample included 14,478 shots corresponding to 18 matches from six tournaments. Forty-eight male padel players were classified into two groups according to their level: trained (n = 24) and novice (n = 24). Type of stroke and ball impact position were registered using a computerized motion tracking video system. The ball impact position was computed from the distance (cm) between the coordinates of the ball and the player’s center of gravity. Results show that trained players hit the ball in a more backward position (from 11 to 25 cm, compared to novice) in serve and offensive strokes (vo...
Journal of Theories and Applications of Physical Education Sport Sciences, 2019
The main aim of this study was designing interactive 3D models program for overhead serve in basketball and study its effect on player and junior sports' skill performance level. The experimental approach was used for two groups, one experimental and the other controlled, using pre-post measurements for each group. The research society consisted of 160 students in the preparatory stage in 2018/2019. The basic sample was randomly selected from the female students of the research society. The program (3D models) was implemented on the basic study sample (50 students) according to the time distribution. Rustles: There are statistically significant differences in post measurements at a significant level (0.05) between the three-dimensional models group, traditional program group for the skill level of overhead serve in volleyball in favor to the interactive program group using the three-dimensional models.